Effect of electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products on condition of periodontium in patients of different ages and genders

Objective: to compare the condition of periodontium in three categories of patients: smokers of electronic cigarettes (EC), smokers of heated tobacco products (HTP) and nonsmokers vs, their age and gender. Materials and Methods. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of 1,754 patient records including EC smokers (n=1,122) and HTP smokers (n=632).Data from 566 nonsmokers were used as a comparison group (CG). Patients of all groups were distributed among subgroups depending on their age and gender. The clinical condition of the periodontium was assessed using dental indices and indicators. For statistical data analysis, we employed Microsoft Excel and STATISTICA 64 version 20.0 software. Results. Gingivitis prevailed in all three groups. Itsprevalence in EC smokers decreasedwith age; the opposite trend was observed in HTP smokers. As for CG, gingivitis was recorded in all age groups. The prevalence of acute periodontitis was the highest in EС and HTP smokers aged 35-39 years vs. 30–34-year-old individuals of the CG. In HTP and EC smokers, the prevalence of gingivitis and acute periodontitis was more pronounced in females, while we observed no statistically significant difference of the kind between men and women of the CG. The frequency of occurrence of localized chronic periodontitis was maximum in EC and HTP smokers at the age of 40–44 years vs. 45–50 years in the CG subjects. However, in the HTPGroup, it was more pronounced in females, while in the EC Group it was more characteristic in males. The frequency of occurrence of generalized chronic periodontitis in individuals of all groups was more pronounced in women. Conclusion. The results of our study confirmed that the use of EC and HTP is a harmful factor causing the occurrence of periodontal disease.