International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Все статьи: 453
Статья научная
Mapping conventions are a key aspect of user centered design as they present users with familiar interactions in unfamiliar products. Conventions evolve over time and are slow to be adopted, requiring a high percentage of acceptance within a society, ensuring that conventions exhibit a sufficient level of usability. However this paper argues that while usability is a necessary condition for good interactions it is not a sufficient one. Therefore user centered design which accents individuals bias towards conventions my in fact be hindering the innovation of product interactions. This paper argues that a cognitive approach should be adopted in order understand and reassess product interactions. An experiment was carried out that demonstrates the influence that simple mappings can have on cognitive load. The results showed that basic mappings of the types that are found throughout product conventions can have a substantial impact on mental load and subsequently product interaction.
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Статья обзорная
Literary-artistic compositions, first of all, have an aesthetic function but when the same are used in the teaching they as well fulfill the cognitive function. The best “angle of view” of one literary-artistic composition in the teaching is through the balanced relation of “dolce” and “utile”. The instructiveness of literary-artistic compositions in the teaching is not ultimate and should not be considered as a task that is to be performed. For the purpose of realization of these basic functions of literary-artistic compositions envisaged in the teaching, the main precondition is their appropriate selection pursuant to the age of the reading audience (the students).
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Статья научная
It is generally accepted that the use of the most informative areas of the input image significantly optimizes visual processing. Several authors agree that, the areas of spatial heterogeneity are the most interesting for the visual system and the degree of difference between those areas and their surroundings determine the saliency. The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that the most informative are the areas of the image of largest increase in total luminance contrast, and information from these areas is used in the process of categorization facial expressions. Using our own program that was developed to imitate the work of second-order visual mechanisms, we created stimuli from the initial photographic images of faces with 6 basic emotions and a neutral expression. These images consisted only of areas of highest increase in total luminance contrast. Initially, we determined the spatial frequency ranges in which the selected areas contain the most useful information for the recognition of each of the expressions. We then compared the expressions recognition accuracy in images of real faces and those synthe-sized from the areas of highest contrast increase. The obtained results indicate that the recognition of expressions in synthe-sized images is somewhat worse than in real ones (73% versus 83%). At the same time, the partial loss of information that occurs due to the replacing real and synthesized images does not disrupt the overall logic of the recognition. Possible ways to make up for the missing information in the synthesized images are suggested.
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Reflexive competence in metacognitive monitoring of learning activity of HEI students
Статья научная
The manuscript presented here reports the theoretical aspects of the concepts of reflexive competence and reflexivity, which is considered, in learning activities through a prism of metacognitive monitoring of HEI students. An essence of metacognitive monitoring and reflexive competence has been theoretically studied. The role of reflexive competence and its components in the process of metacognitive monitoring of the educational activities of students of HEIs has been described. Reflexive competence at the metacognitive level is viewed as a system of formed reflexive abilities, which ensures high productivity of the intellectual activity of the subject by activating the metacognitive resources that are necessary and organizing reflexive actions. The results of empirical research with the use of questionnaire “Reflexive skills (cognitive and metacognitive level scales) (O. Savchenko), Methodology “Reflexive strategies of task solution” (O. Savchenko and M. Makiienko), Metacogntive Awareness Inventory - MAI (G. Scraw and R. Dennison) and “Methodology of Self-Evaluation of Metacognitive Knowledge and Metacognitive Activeness” (M. Kashapov & Y. Skvortsova), and correlation analysis with the use of ANOVA analysis of variance and Spearmen's rank correlation coefficient, have proved that student's overconfidence can cause mistakes in the evaluation of the results of the work. Senior students have better indicators of reflexive skills at the metacognitive level and more sophisticated reflexive problem-solving strategies. Thus, the results indicate that senior students have a higher level of reflexive skills at the metacognitive and cognitive levels and a higher level of reflexive problem-solving strategies than the first- and second-year students.
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The aim of this study was to determine the relation between motoric and specific motoric basketball skills in physical education classes for elementary school students. The sample was taken from a population of boys and girls in four elementary schools in Niš. Boys (66) and girls (58), have been students of elementary school, 10 years old and all of them have been attending regular physical education classes three times a week. For the assessment of motoric abilities, a set of 12 motoric tests was applied: Explosive strength: squat jump, squat jump arms swing and drop jump; Speed: 20m running from a low start, orbiting hand and orbiting leg; Coordination: jumping over the horizontal rope, envelope test and figure „8“ with bending; Accuracy: darts, shooting with the ball at horizontal target and stiletto. For the assessment of specific motoric basketball skills a set of six tests was applied: elevations precision of ball passing with two hands, horizontal precision of ball passing with two hands, orbiting ball around the body, orbiting ball through the legs (figure „8“), dribble around a central circle of the basketball court and dribble two „small eights” around two adjacent circles of basketball court. In data processing canonical correlation and regression analysis were used. The results showed that motoric abilities significantly contributed to success of specific motoric tests performance both with boys and also with girls.
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Статья научная
The aim of our study was to analyze gaze fixations in recognizing facial emotional expressions in comparison with o the spatial distribution of the areas with the greatest increase in the total (nonlocal) luminance contrast. It is hypothesized that the most informative areas of the image that getting more of the observer's attention are the areas with the greatest increase in nonlocal contrast. The study involved 100 university students aged 19-21 with normal vision. 490 full-face photo images were used as stimuli. The images displayed faces of 6 basic emotions (Ekman's Big Six) as well as neutral (emotionless) expressions. Observer's eye movements were recorded while they were the recognizing expressions of the shown faces. Then, using a developed software, the areas with the highest (max), lowest (min), and intermediate (med) increases in the total contrast in comparison with the surroundings were identified in the stimulus images at different spatial frequencies. Comparative analysis of the gaze maps with the maps of the areas with min, med, and max increases in the total contrast showed that the gaze fixations in facial emotion classification tasks significantly coincide with the areas characterized by the greatest increase in nonlocal contrast. Obtained results indicate that facial image areas with the greatest increase in the total contrast, which preattentively detected by second-order visual mechanisms, can be the prime targets of the attention.
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Relationship between the quality of higher education and Balkan countries' competitiveness
Статья научная
The main purpose of the research is to determine the link between the quality of higher education and the competitiveness level of the Balkan countries. In addition, the goal is to identify critical factors in the field of higher education that require improvement. The methods used in the paper are comparative analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and benchmarking analysis. The results of the research point to the fact that there is no high positive correlation between the quality of higher education and the competitiveness level of the Balkan countries. However, it is noticed that the Balkan countries record better results when it comes to higher education than the level of competitiveness. Apart from the necessity of improving certain domains of higher education, the priority of the education policy and development policy makers in the Balkan countries should be the utilization of the results achieved in education in the function of improving competitiveness.
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The Dynamic Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Children (DOTCA-Ch) is a tool for finding out about cognitive problems in school-aged children. However, the DOTCA-Ch was developed in English for Western children. For this reason, it’s not appropriate for Thai children because of the differences of culture and language. The objectives of this study were aimed at translating the DOTCA-Ch in Orientation, Spatial Perception, and Thinking Operations sub tests to a Thai version on a World Health Organization back-translation process, and to examine its internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. Participants consisted of 38 intellectually impaired and learning disabled individuals between the ages of 6-12 years. Results from this study revealed high internal consistency in the Orientation sub test (α=.83) Spatial Perception sub test (α=.82) and Thinking Operations sub test (α=.82); high inter-rater reliability in the Orientation sub test (ICC =.83), Spatial Perception sub test (ICC =.84) and Thinking Operations sub test (ICC =.74); and high test-retest reliability in the Orientation sub test (ICC =.84), Spatial Perception sub test (ICC =.86), and Thinking Operations sub test (ICC =.85). These results indicate that the Thai version of the Orientation, Spatial Perception, and Thinking Operations sub test might be used as an appropriate assessment tool for Thai children, based on psychometric evidence including internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability. However, additional study of other psychometric properties, including, predictive validity, concurrent reliability, and inter-rater reliability during the mediation process of this assessment tool needs to be carried out.
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Representation of Roma content in curricula and textbooks at the initial education level in Serbia
Статья научная
The 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child guarantees all children the right to an education, and this paper focuses on Roma children and that right. The extent of Serbia’s strategy documents was reviewed, particularly in light of their responsibility for guaranteeing equity, accessibility, and equal educational opportunities for all children. The study’s objective is to assess how content related to the Roma is portrayed in current curricula (N = 16) and textbooks (N = 93) for the 2022-2023 academic year. It was discovered that despite the objectives in each of the analyzed courses (Serbian language, The World around Us, Nature and Society, Music Education, and Civic Education) clearly promote equality, diversity, and mutual appreciation, democratic values, inclusion, and anti-discrimination, none of them explicitly mention the words Roma or the Roma people. Only a few times do the Roma people explicitly appear in textbooks on nature, society, and music, and then only as a numerical representation of the national minority; no mention is made of the positive traits of the Roma people, who have their own identity, tradition, and culture as well as well-known members. The results highlight the need for textbooks to include specific content about the Roma people as fundamental teaching tools. This content should also be included in the curriculum because it would help students of Roma origin feel less excluded and more empowered to participate in school on an equal footing.
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Requirements for reorganization of the first cycle of primary education in the Republic of Macedonia
Отчет
As one of the two basic aims in the key fields of intervention in the National Program for Development of the Education in the Republic of Macedonia for 2005-2015, the issue of increasing the primary education, from 8 to 9 years, was posed. The requirements in this period are mainly initiated by the developmental characteristics of the children. The need for more intensive application of play and the activities of play has been shown to be the most appropriate approach in the process of acquiring of knowledge, abilities, skills and habits, and as an educational reform it should be respected in school conditions. The subject of scientific research refers to the didactic-methodic components of the activity of play in the first educational cycle. The methodology, methods and techniques that were applied during the course of the research are: the method of analysis (analysis of content and structural analysis), the descriptive method and the method of comparison, as well as the techniques of analysis of pedagogical documentation, observation and surveying. On the basis of the received results, it can be concluded that: the organization and realization of the activity of play partially depends on the professional training of the teachers; the majority of teachers believe that the syllabi are appropriate for the realization of the activity of play as a methodical concept; the necessity of appropriate didactic-methodical preparation of the teachers for realizing the activity of play.
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Статья научная
The purpose of this analysis is to look at publication trends in research on technological innovation in the process of mathematics learning analyzed by bibliometric analysis. Using predetermined keywords, the authors analyzed 262 documents that had been selected by the PRISMA method, with the next step being bibliometric analysis with the R Program and VOSviewer. From the analysis, research on technological innovation in mathematics learning started in 1987 and showed significant growth until 2024, with a clear surge in publications since 2010 and a peak in 2023. The United States and Australia lead the way in the number of publications and citations, demonstrating their great influence in this field. Universiti Putra Malaysia, along with leading universities in Australia and South Africa, show dominance in publications related to this topic. Journals in the Q1 category play a major role in advancing knowledge about technology in mathematics education, In the keyword grouping, new trends are emerging such as the use of technologies like “Artificial Intelligence” and “Blended Learning” which are becoming new directions in technological innovation in the process of mathematics learning.
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Research of cognitive exchange specifics in teachers academic training
Статья научная
The paper discusses the transformation of the educational environment issues of university pedagogical subjects. The ideas of constructivism and connectivity, of moral philosophy and social psychology, are fundamental. By defining the content parameters of the educational environment in their dichotomous condition: reproducibility - proactivity; customization - dialogue; individualization - differentiation, this research highlights the specific characteristics of the learning process, which determine the qualitative cognitive exchange in the academic training of pedagogical subjects. A compound research is conducted of the learning by registering the self-assessment and the parallel-reflecting assessment of the students in the pedagogical specialties. The analysis of the results emphasizes the urgent need to change the traditionally established patterns in the organization of the teaching process in the higher pedagogical education, the application of student-oriented practices to stimulate self-organization in learning, the development of proactive technology incorporating the characteristics of formal and nonformal education in a networked and technological environment.
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Research trends in media pedagogy: between the paradigm of risk and the paradigm of opportunity
Статья обзорная
The use of computers, internet, and smartphones in the learning and teaching process has become an irreversible fact. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are now one of the fundamental teaching resources and even one of the principal teaching environments. The widespread use of ICT stands in positive correlation to the growing number of studies on educational aspects of the use of new media in schooling. The dynamically growing number of publications in this field requires reflection on the directions of research in the intensely developing sub-discipline of education science, i.e. media pedagogy. The aim of the article is to explore the two dominant directions of research on didactic and upbringing aspects of ICT use in education. The text presents the assumptions and processes assigned to both the opportunity paradigm and the risk paradigm of media pedagogy. These paradigms clash, giving rise to research directed at positive or negative phenomena related to the digitalization of schooling and educational processes. The text is an attempt to draw attention not only to the development of media pedagogy, but also to methodological errors resulting from anchoring research to only one trend.
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Russian and Chinese Students: Proactive Behaviour and Economic Activity Characteristics
Статья научная
The relevance of the study of young people’s economic behaviour features is beyond doubt, because the younger generation is the future social capital and economically active population of any country. The purpose of the presented study was to identify the specifics of proactive behaviour and economic activity (as indicators of economic behaviour), their demonstration and interrelation among Russian and Chinese students. One hundred and two Russian and Chinese students took part in the study. The following techniques were used: 1) “Proactive behaviour” Methodology by A.I. Yerzin; 2) “Questionnaire of economic activity” by E.V. Zabelina and Yu.V. Chestyunina; 3) “Questionnaire of subjective economic well-being” by V.A. Khashchenko; 4) “Monetary attitudes” Questionnaire by B. Klonts and T. Klonts adapted by D.A. Bayazitova and T.A. Lapshova. Mathematical analysis methods: Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that the indicators of proactive behaviour demonstrated by the Russian students were higher than those demonstrated by Chinese students. The cognitive economic activity indicators were higher among the Chinese students. The Chinese students appeared to be more vigilant and careful with finances. The Russian students showed better results in experiencing a lack of financial resources. The specificity of economic behavior in Russian students is manifested through internal behavioral determination and constructive proactivity. Chinese students demonstrate cognitive economic activity and responsibility in relation to money. Based on the acquired results, the paper presents recommendations for the Russian and Chinese students’ economic behaviour development and correction.
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Статья научная
There are a variety of extra curricular activities and programs that aim to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, but there are limited examples of extending STEM curriculum by employing scenario-based eLearning opportunities in a mobile lab learning environment. Following students participation in a first of its kind STEM Mobile Lab program that uses a scenario-based eLearning approach for instruction, twelve educators from four Title I elementary schools were asked about their perceptions of the influence of the Mobile Lab program on the STEM education of their students. The semi-structured interview protocol contained questions intended to explore participants’ perceptions regarding the influence of a scenario-based eLearning Mobile STEM Lab program on the STEM interest and achievement of students. The study found that a scenario-based eLearning Mobile STEM Lab can influence STEM interest and achievement of elementary students. This promising finding leads to a recommendation for educators to use this approach and similar programs to make students more interested in science and improve their grades. Efforts by educators to design and implement scenario-based eLearning opportunities lead to increased learner engagement.
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Self-confidence in metacognitive processes in L2 learning
Статья научная
The study aims to identify the role of self-confidence, meta-cognition, personality traits, and motivation (predictive variables) as factors of success in second language (L2) learning. It is assumed that there is a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process, which distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, and that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and has a significant role in the self-regulated motivation of gifted students. The results on the Language Proficiency Test are a criterion variable, while gender, residence in the country of the native speaker, duration of L2 learning, and average grade in studies are moderator variables. The sample is convenient, and consists of 460 students from the University of Novi Sad and the University of Belgrade. The research was carried out using a quantitative approach and a method of systematic non-experimental observation. The following instruments are used: the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitive Awareness Inventory, the Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory, the English Language Motivation Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the L2 Proficiency Test. The main findings confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process that distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, as well as that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and plays an important role in the self-regulated motivation of the gifted. This confirms the significance of self-confidence in self-regulation and provides an indirect role in L2 learning achievements. Students should be aware of meta-cognitive processes and try to self-regulate their knowledge and learning strategies.
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Self-image in children of divorced parents
Статья научная
The family and its important role in the development of the child is the inspiration for many types of research that have the intention to emphasize certain aspects of family life and the consequences of the family relations in the development of the children. The issue of this research is to find out if there is a connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and self-concept in the children of early school age. The research is conducted on 30 children of single-parent families. The children of these single-parent families are children who have lived in families with conflicts and they have been direct or indirect participants in the conflict of the divorced parents. In the process of research, we applied projective techniques: Machover which consists of drawing a person’s figure, as well as a drawing a house and a tree-HTP (House-Tree-Person).The results are obtained through qualitative analysis and interpretation of each drawing particularly. During the investigation the relation between the variables, it is confirmed that there is a considerable connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and the self-concept in children. It is confirmed, during the process that the children of divorced parents from negative self-concept. In children of single-parent families it is indicated that this group of children in relation to the psychological picture for themselves presented the following characteristics: lowered EGO, mechanisms for defense, feeling of insecurity, low self-confidence, aggressiveness, great virility, and caution.
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Semiotics of social memory in urban space: the case of Volgograd (Stalingrad)
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Social memory as a kind of collective memory is connected with the strategies and practices of perpetuating the memory about important events, and city as a commemorative space can be viewed as a sign and as a text. The semiotic means encoding social phenomena and events represent the system of denotation, while the ways of place naming represent the culturally conditioned system of connotation operating behind the denotation code. The semiotics of social memory was examined by the example of the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad), the landscape of which appeals to a most significant historical event - the Great Patriotic War (World War II) - and can be conveniently described by means of Ch. S. Peirce’s classification of signs in which icons include signs denoting war heroes and represented by their sculptural images; indices include signs denoting artifacts associated with the war events; symbols are represented by toponymy signs characterized by the connotations of heroic deeds; all these signs representing cultural and political values specific for the Volgograd society. The semiotic density of social memory representation may be considered a ground for shaping the city’s ‘imagined community’ (the term suggested by B. Anderson, 1983) of a particular kind.
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Статья научная
This study looks into psychotechnics used in education and contributing to initiating logic among students, their personal growth and characterizes psychological features of “sense-deducting”. Here you will find a review of the sense-making techniques considering as one of the categories of psychotechnics. The described techniques are based on the human psychology, they improve the quality of instruction, create a favorable and unique system of values, take into account the individual characteristics of all types of education, and influence the sense-making process development among children. Sense-making techniques are stated in the author's classification and extended by practical methods. The study of psychological features of influence of sense-making techniques on the personality of a student lets us see new patterns in personal, subjective and “meta-subjective” results of acquiring of the school program via transformation and development of value/logic consciousness of a child. The work emphasizes that the use of sense-making techniques is effective in the educational and after-school activities of the educational organization. The achieved results make it possible to understand, to substantiate the naturalness and relevance of the sense-technical approach according to personal and academic indicators of students. In the process of competent and correct use of the semantic techniques, we see the possibility of conveying the best, productive and quality pedagogical experience, as well as the perspective of innovative developments in the psychological and pedagogical sciences. For children and adolescents, information, thanks to sense-techniques, starts to be personal in nature, knowledge is objectified, learning activity becomes an individual need.
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Shift from education to development: leaders and coaches in search of shared wisdom
Статья научная
This paper presents the results of qualitative study aimed to explore the relationship between the perception of behaviors that support people development, core coaching competences and values supporting them, and wisdom-related values. Our hypothesis was that the reflection on empowering behaviors focuses managers' attention on wisdom-related values that are very close to the core values of coaching and therefore facilitate their progress towards wisdom-related performance. Sample consisted of 306 managers (N = 306) interviewed in 28 groups (N = 28) within leadership development programs in Russia, Ukraine and France from 2008 to 2016. We used the open-ended questions method and qualitative content analysis. The results showed high homogeneity of responses and high degree compatibility between behaviors quoted by respondents and the International Coach Federation core competences. In the second part of the study the responses were analyzed from the point of view of beliefs and values that can support desired developmentally focused / coaching behaviors, and compared the outcome with the existing concepts of wisdom. The study confirmed that the professional training in coaching leads to the cumulative development of wisdom (wisdom-related values, wisdom-related knowledge, wisdom-related performance) because the core of the system of coaching values fundamentally coincide with wisdom-related values.
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