International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Все статьи: 494
Research trends in media pedagogy: between the paradigm of risk and the paradigm of opportunity
Статья обзорная
The use of computers, internet, and smartphones in the learning and teaching process has become an irreversible fact. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are now one of the fundamental teaching resources and even one of the principal teaching environments. The widespread use of ICT stands in positive correlation to the growing number of studies on educational aspects of the use of new media in schooling. The dynamically growing number of publications in this field requires reflection on the directions of research in the intensely developing sub-discipline of education science, i.e. media pedagogy. The aim of the article is to explore the two dominant directions of research on didactic and upbringing aspects of ICT use in education. The text presents the assumptions and processes assigned to both the opportunity paradigm and the risk paradigm of media pedagogy. These paradigms clash, giving rise to research directed at positive or negative phenomena related to the digitalization of schooling and educational processes. The text is an attempt to draw attention not only to the development of media pedagogy, but also to methodological errors resulting from anchoring research to only one trend.
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Russian and Chinese Students: Proactive Behaviour and Economic Activity Characteristics
Статья научная
The relevance of the study of young people’s economic behaviour features is beyond doubt, because the younger generation is the future social capital and economically active population of any country. The purpose of the presented study was to identify the specifics of proactive behaviour and economic activity (as indicators of economic behaviour), their demonstration and interrelation among Russian and Chinese students. One hundred and two Russian and Chinese students took part in the study. The following techniques were used: 1) “Proactive behaviour” Methodology by A.I. Yerzin; 2) “Questionnaire of economic activity” by E.V. Zabelina and Yu.V. Chestyunina; 3) “Questionnaire of subjective economic well-being” by V.A. Khashchenko; 4) “Monetary attitudes” Questionnaire by B. Klonts and T. Klonts adapted by D.A. Bayazitova and T.A. Lapshova. Mathematical analysis methods: Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that the indicators of proactive behaviour demonstrated by the Russian students were higher than those demonstrated by Chinese students. The cognitive economic activity indicators were higher among the Chinese students. The Chinese students appeared to be more vigilant and careful with finances. The Russian students showed better results in experiencing a lack of financial resources. The specificity of economic behavior in Russian students is manifested through internal behavioral determination and constructive proactivity. Chinese students demonstrate cognitive economic activity and responsibility in relation to money. Based on the acquired results, the paper presents recommendations for the Russian and Chinese students’ economic behaviour development and correction.
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STEM-Focused Science Identity Questionnaire Based on the PISA 2025 Framework: Rasch Model Validation
Статья научная
This study developed and validated a Science Identity Questionnaire for secondary school students based on the PISA 2025 framework using a Rasch model analysis. The questionnaire aimed to measure key aspects of science identity, including science capital, attitude toward science, and environmental awareness. A total of 496 students (200 males and 269 females) from various Indonesian provinces participated. The data were analyzed using the Rasch model to examine item validity, reliability, and demographic bias. The results indicated that the questionnaire fit the Rasch model excellently, confirming its validity, with Outfit and Infit Mean Square values within acceptable ranges. Reliability analysis yielded person and item reliabilities of 0.72 and 0.99, respectively. No significant bias was detected between male and female students or between urban and rural respondents. These findings support using this tool to assess science identity and its role in promoting long-term STEM engagement. This instrument can inform interventions that aim to foster inclusive science education.
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Статья научная
There are a variety of extra curricular activities and programs that aim to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, but there are limited examples of extending STEM curriculum by employing scenario-based eLearning opportunities in a mobile lab learning environment. Following students participation in a first of its kind STEM Mobile Lab program that uses a scenario-based eLearning approach for instruction, twelve educators from four Title I elementary schools were asked about their perceptions of the influence of the Mobile Lab program on the STEM education of their students. The semi-structured interview protocol contained questions intended to explore participants’ perceptions regarding the influence of a scenario-based eLearning Mobile STEM Lab program on the STEM interest and achievement of students. The study found that a scenario-based eLearning Mobile STEM Lab can influence STEM interest and achievement of elementary students. This promising finding leads to a recommendation for educators to use this approach and similar programs to make students more interested in science and improve their grades. Efforts by educators to design and implement scenario-based eLearning opportunities lead to increased learner engagement.
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Статья научная
Over the years, research has demonstrated that individuals with autistic spectrum disorders are a heterogeneous group. In recent years, the concept of inclusive education has provided additional insight into the possibilities of working with children with ASD in mainstream schools. The purpose of this study is to outline the specific strengths, capacities, and opportunities for supporting children and students with ASD in mainstream schools. The Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) indicators were used as a basis and applied to different forms of ASD diagnosis, looking for more detailed individual profiles and common resources outlined despite the possible differences by gender, age, diagnoses, and according to specific difficulties and areas where children and students have difficulties. Sample comprised 201 children and students, aged 3-19 years. The results highlight the strengths and resources of a large number of the respondents with ASD, outlining their capacity in communication, language mastery and thinking. From one-fifth to more than half of the respondents do not encounter challenges when the environment and context are supportive. The reported results highlight the implications of the universal tool that teachers and educators have for thorough and in-depth outlining the personal development scope and areas. It can serve as a screening instrument in mainstream setting, alerting mainly teachers, but also families about the measures that address needs of children and students with ASD in view to facilitate personal growth.
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Self-confidence in metacognitive processes in L2 learning
Статья научная
The study aims to identify the role of self-confidence, meta-cognition, personality traits, and motivation (predictive variables) as factors of success in second language (L2) learning. It is assumed that there is a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process, which distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, and that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and has a significant role in the self-regulated motivation of gifted students. The results on the Language Proficiency Test are a criterion variable, while gender, residence in the country of the native speaker, duration of L2 learning, and average grade in studies are moderator variables. The sample is convenient, and consists of 460 students from the University of Novi Sad and the University of Belgrade. The research was carried out using a quantitative approach and a method of systematic non-experimental observation. The following instruments are used: the Big Five Personality Traits Questionnaire, the Meta-cognitive Awareness Inventory, the Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory, the English Language Motivation Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the L2 Proficiency Test. The main findings confirmed the hypothesis of a high correlation between the observed variables in the meta-cognitive process that distinguishes academically gifted students from regular students, as well as that self-confidence is an autonomous factor of success and plays an important role in the self-regulated motivation of the gifted. This confirms the significance of self-confidence in self-regulation and provides an indirect role in L2 learning achievements. Students should be aware of meta-cognitive processes and try to self-regulate their knowledge and learning strategies.
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Self-image in children of divorced parents
Статья научная
The family and its important role in the development of the child is the inspiration for many types of research that have the intention to emphasize certain aspects of family life and the consequences of the family relations in the development of the children. The issue of this research is to find out if there is a connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and self-concept in the children of early school age. The research is conducted on 30 children of single-parent families. The children of these single-parent families are children who have lived in families with conflicts and they have been direct or indirect participants in the conflict of the divorced parents. In the process of research, we applied projective techniques: Machover which consists of drawing a person’s figure, as well as a drawing a house and a tree-HTP (House-Tree-Person).The results are obtained through qualitative analysis and interpretation of each drawing particularly. During the investigation the relation between the variables, it is confirmed that there is a considerable connection between the conflict in the family, the divorce of the parents and the self-concept in children. It is confirmed, during the process that the children of divorced parents from negative self-concept. In children of single-parent families it is indicated that this group of children in relation to the psychological picture for themselves presented the following characteristics: lowered EGO, mechanisms for defense, feeling of insecurity, low self-confidence, aggressiveness, great virility, and caution.
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Semiotics of social memory in urban space: the case of Volgograd (Stalingrad)
Отчет
Social memory as a kind of collective memory is connected with the strategies and practices of perpetuating the memory about important events, and city as a commemorative space can be viewed as a sign and as a text. The semiotic means encoding social phenomena and events represent the system of denotation, while the ways of place naming represent the culturally conditioned system of connotation operating behind the denotation code. The semiotics of social memory was examined by the example of the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad), the landscape of which appeals to a most significant historical event - the Great Patriotic War (World War II) - and can be conveniently described by means of Ch. S. Peirce’s classification of signs in which icons include signs denoting war heroes and represented by their sculptural images; indices include signs denoting artifacts associated with the war events; symbols are represented by toponymy signs characterized by the connotations of heroic deeds; all these signs representing cultural and political values specific for the Volgograd society. The semiotic density of social memory representation may be considered a ground for shaping the city’s ‘imagined community’ (the term suggested by B. Anderson, 1983) of a particular kind.
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Статья научная
This study looks into psychotechnics used in education and contributing to initiating logic among students, their personal growth and characterizes psychological features of “sense-deducting”. Here you will find a review of the sense-making techniques considering as one of the categories of psychotechnics. The described techniques are based on the human psychology, they improve the quality of instruction, create a favorable and unique system of values, take into account the individual characteristics of all types of education, and influence the sense-making process development among children. Sense-making techniques are stated in the author's classification and extended by practical methods. The study of psychological features of influence of sense-making techniques on the personality of a student lets us see new patterns in personal, subjective and “meta-subjective” results of acquiring of the school program via transformation and development of value/logic consciousness of a child. The work emphasizes that the use of sense-making techniques is effective in the educational and after-school activities of the educational organization. The achieved results make it possible to understand, to substantiate the naturalness and relevance of the sense-technical approach according to personal and academic indicators of students. In the process of competent and correct use of the semantic techniques, we see the possibility of conveying the best, productive and quality pedagogical experience, as well as the perspective of innovative developments in the psychological and pedagogical sciences. For children and adolescents, information, thanks to sense-techniques, starts to be personal in nature, knowledge is objectified, learning activity becomes an individual need.
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Shift from education to development: leaders and coaches in search of shared wisdom
Статья научная
This paper presents the results of qualitative study aimed to explore the relationship between the perception of behaviors that support people development, core coaching competences and values supporting them, and wisdom-related values. Our hypothesis was that the reflection on empowering behaviors focuses managers' attention on wisdom-related values that are very close to the core values of coaching and therefore facilitate their progress towards wisdom-related performance. Sample consisted of 306 managers (N = 306) interviewed in 28 groups (N = 28) within leadership development programs in Russia, Ukraine and France from 2008 to 2016. We used the open-ended questions method and qualitative content analysis. The results showed high homogeneity of responses and high degree compatibility between behaviors quoted by respondents and the International Coach Federation core competences. In the second part of the study the responses were analyzed from the point of view of beliefs and values that can support desired developmentally focused / coaching behaviors, and compared the outcome with the existing concepts of wisdom. The study confirmed that the professional training in coaching leads to the cumulative development of wisdom (wisdom-related values, wisdom-related knowledge, wisdom-related performance) because the core of the system of coaching values fundamentally coincide with wisdom-related values.
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Статья научная
The proposed scientific text describes an experimental study, the purpose of which is prioritized to test an interactive digitally based system Signmatics for mastering linguistic content in Bulgarian Sign Language (BGSL) by students who study it as a second language (E2). The formed sample includes 62 participants –- students studying in a bachelor’s program in the specialty of Special Education. The study uses a quasi-experimental design of non-equivalent groups: an experimental group of 30 students (48.39%) which was subjected to the digitally based intervention and a control group of 32 students (51.61%), trained in conventional ways. The verification of receptive and expressive language skills in BGSL at the level of phonetics, vocabulary and morphosyntax was carried out by applying a standardized language test, decomposed into 3 subtests. The comparative approach to the results of the study convincingly shows that the interactive Signmatics system applied in a real time frame has a high efficiency coefficient in mastering the visual language at the level of vocabulary (F=26.574, p<0.000), morphosyntax (F=1.423, p<0.001). At the phonetic level, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (F=0.001, p=0.971), an explanation for which can be sought in the specificity of the visual phonemes, as building blocks of the sign. The latter finding suggests the idea of maintaining continuity between modern digital technologies and traditional strategies for teaching and learning linguistic material which have stood the test of time.
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Social cohesion in education: cognitive research in the university community
Статья научная
The present article highlights the results of social cohesion study fulfilled in the university community of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. It contains the consideration of social cohesion as an important factor of interpersonal communication, other social skills which are important for the community development. The purpose of the study was to identify the level of social cohesion for university community, to test the Bertelsmann Stiftung Model of Social Cohesion at the community level. Methods that were used in the study are synthesis, analysis, math, social questionnaire, etc. In the research the only data collection tool was the author’s questionnaire. There were 112 people interviewed, among them 47 employees and 65 students of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. According to the study results, the level of social cohesion in the university community is quite sufficient, which positively characterizes the attitude of employees and students to each other, reflects their readiness for mutual respect and support, acceptance of differences and tolerance etc. Also the research highlights weak points of social interactions that form the base for further investigations and actions on social cohesion development.
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Social dialogue and partnership in vocational education and training
Отчет
Vocational education and training systems in the Republic of Macedonia have been put under strong pressure for modernisation in the last decades. In addition to economic and political globalisation, technological innovations brought rapid changes in the type of jobs and the content of labour in the national economies, which lead to change of the demand for qualifications and new skills on an on-going basis; the open market and migration expanded opportunities for work within and between countries, and the complexity of the demand for new skills on the labour market have dramatically begun affecting and shaping the structure, organisation and content of vocational education and training. This report is based on the experiences from the collaborative approach applied in the development of the Strategy for Vocational Education and Training in a Lifelong Learning Context for the Republic of Macedonia, implemented through a process of consultation with a broad stakeholder basis. It addresses the participants in the process, the steps undertaken to ensure involvement of stakeholders and ultimately ownership over the process (or its components), the obstacles encountered and steps undertaken to address them, the problems, their causes and proposals for preventing and/or eliminating them, as well as the lessons learned and recommendations for further development of the social dialogue and partnership.
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Статья научная
Body is a complex and polymorphic object that lies at the intersection of a number of dimensions: natural-social-cultural; individual-social; body-soul; flesh-spirit; private-public; visible-invisible; decent-indecent; real-virtual; health-illness. If the body is in the heart of psychological research, lay thinking analysis rests somewhat in the shadow of this research line. Following the ideas of the social representations theory, the aim of study was to reveal how the body was represented in groups of young and older Russian women. A total sample consisted of 314 Russian females (N=258 females formed the group of young females from 18 to 25 years old, Mage=19.73, SDage =1.56; N=56 females formed the group of older females aged from 39 to 55 years old, Mage=45.63, SDage =4.68). The snowball technique was used in order to recruit the participants, they were invited to fulfil the online questionnaire. A free-association technique was used. The data were analysed by using prototypical analysis. The obtained results shed light on the articulation of the two normative elements health-beauty in the social representations of body in the two generations of Russian women. The comparison of the hypothetical structure of social representations (my body, ideal body, female body) in the two age groups of Russian women reveals several points concerning the lay mentality as a matter of age. A further study to verify the hypothetical structure of the social representations of body in young and older Russian women is needed.
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Статья научная
This study investigates how various socio-demographic variables influence the entrepreneurial potential among university students. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,008 students from three countries: Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Belgium. The instruments applied were the Questionnaire of Entrepreneurial Traits (QET) and the Scale of Entrepreneurial Potential (SEP). The primary objective was to examine: (a) the role of gender in shaping entrepreneurial potential, (b) the influence of national context, (c) differences between urban and rural backgrounds, (d) the impact of students’ material status, and (e) the relationship between academic performance and the development of entrepreneurial capacity. Canonical discriminant analysis confirmed significance and the structure of differences among students considering their gender, country of origin and different material status of students, and their scores on the dimensions of the Entrepreneurial Traits model QET as well as on the Entrepreneurial Potential model SEP. Canonical discriminant analysis did not confirm significance and the structure of differences among students considering their place of residence and success during studies in their scores on the dimensions of Entrepreneurial Traits model QET as well as on the Entrepreneurial Potential model SEP. The findings of this research indicate that socio-demographic factors have a significant impact on students’ entrepreneurial potential, offering a valuable framework for future studies and analyses, particularly in the context of the growing importance of entrepreneurship in developing countries.
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Sociodemographic factors and students’ attitudes towards integrated instruction
Статья научная
The primary objective of the study was to ascertain the attitudes of final-year students in undergraduate academic and master’s academic studies at the University of Nis Faculty of Sport and Physical Education and the University of Pristina - Kosovska Mitrovica Teacher Education Faculty in Prizren - Leposavic toward the possibilities of integrating the learning contents of the subjects Serbian Language and Physical Education. The study aims to investigate views about integrated instruction and the incorporation of Serbian Language and Physical Education in the integrative curriculum based on several demographic criteria such as gender, age, faculty major, overall grade point average, and socioeconomic status. The research was conducted on a sample of 179 students. Descriptive techniques were used to determine the level of expression of basic variables, while a Linear Regression Model was employed for statistical inference testing of established hypothesis. The results obtained indicate a statistically significant correlation between attitudes towards integrated instruction and the incorporation of the Serbian Language in the integrative curriculum in relation to sociodemographic characteristics (Hypothesis 1 and 2). However, no statistically significant associations were found for attitudes towards the incorporation of Physical Education in the integrative curriculum concerning sociodemographic variables (Hypothesis 3).
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Solar energy application in houses heating systems in Russia
Статья научная
The solar energy is widely used around the world for electricity generation and heating systems in municipal services. But its use is complicated in the number of territories with uneven receipts of solar radiation on the earth’s surface and large number of cloudy days during a year. A hypothesis on the possibility of application of individual solar collectors for heating of houses in the number of cities of Russia has been tested. The existing designs of solar collectors and checking the possibility of their application in northern territories of Russia are investigated. The analysis was carried out taking into account features of relief and other climatic conditions of the Perm and Sverdlovsk regions. As the result of research, the basic recommended conditions for application of solar batteries in houses of the northern Russian cities have been resumed.
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Some methodological aspects of the evaluation of students' educational achievements at university
Статья обзорная
The article deals with some methodological aspects of evaluation of students' educational achievements at university. Evaluation being as an essential component of the educational process includes controlling, measurement and assessment. Studying the methodological aspects of evaluation, we refer to the activity and contextual approaches. Activity approach involves using of the active forms and methods of evaluation, such as web-quests, discussions, presentations of the projects, portfolio, etc. Contextual approach allows to organize the evaluation of students' educational achievements, providing the professional activities, which help them to master their skills. The author concludes that the use of contemporary forms of evaluation in the educational process of the university will contribute to the effectiveness of the educational process itself.
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Статья научная
The paper describes the experimental study of the children's specific moral choices from several perspectives. The quantitative and qualitative results of the study were assessed through comparison of the diverse kinds of correct and incorrect moral choices in children aged 6–7 years old and 7–8 years old, the specifics of these choices revealed through resolving two types of specially designed situations with ethnocultural context, namely the situations requiring the child's personal engagement (situations of moral choice) and depersonalized situations (situations with moral challenges, such as “Continue the sentence”).
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Статья научная
The paper presents the results of a study of the parameters of the galvanic skin response, electrocardiogram, complex visual-motor response parameters and spectral power of the background EEG on a sample of 34 schoolchildren aged 12 to 17 years with autism spectrum disorders and mental retardation. Electroencephalogram and polygraphic channels (electromyogram, galvanic skin response, electrocardiogram) were recorded. Intelligence was diagnosed using the WISC test by D. Wechsler. The functional state was assessed by complex visual-motor response parameters using the Psychophysiologist device. The study found that a higher spectral power of the background EEG in the alpha range in the parietal region corresponds to a higher level of general intelligence in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and mental retardation. Evaluation of the complex visual-motor reaction showed that a higher spectral power of the background EEG in the beta-1 range of the right and central occipital region corresponds to the average class of sensorimotor reactions. A higher spectral power of the background EEG in the beta-2 range of the right frontal region is noted in adolescents with a higher class of sensorimotor reactions. The obtained results are used in the development of individual correctional programs for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and mental retardation.
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