International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education @ijcrsee
Journal articles - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
All articles: 525
The Effects of NTC Methods on Vocabulary Acquisition in Preschool Children
Scientific article
Introduction/Objective: Lexical development in early childhood is important for later literacy and academic success. This experimental study investigated the effectiveness of the NTC (Nikola Tesla Center) learning system, a pedagogical approach integrating movement, associative thinking, and play, on mother tongue vocabulary acquisition in preschool-age children. Methodology: A pre-test/post-test control group design was employed with 40 children (aged 22–34 months; 20 boys and 20 girls), equally divided into experimental and control groups. Participants completed a 20-item picture vocabulary test at three time points: initial, middle, and final. During four weeks, the experimental group participated in 12 NTC-based workshops involving motor-cognitive polygons, riddles, and associations, while the control group received standard curricular activities covering the same concepts. Due to non-normal data distribution, non-parametric statistics were used. Results: Groups did not differ significantly at initial testing (p > .05). Significant improvement over time was found for 19 of 20 target words in the experimental group (p < .05). The experimental group also demonstrated significantly greater vocabulary gains than the control group (p < .05), particularly for initially less familiar concepts, including iron, garlic, hyacinth, and nail. Progress was independent of age and gender, while dialectal forms were frequently replaced with standard forms by final testing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that integrating movement, associative thinking, and cognitive challenges may support vocabulary acquisition in early childhood. The greatest progress on less familiar words indicates potential benefits for deeper semantic learning. NTC-based activities may therefore represent a useful pedagogical approach for supporting lexical development and standard language competence in preschool children.
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Scientific article
This study aims to analyze the effect of individual (gender and education) and organizational (organizational sector) characteristics on work ethics in the United Kingdom, Serbia, and the United Arab Emirates. This research is centered around a survey conducted among managers, from the UK, the UAE, and Serbia. Their main task was to evaluate the aspects of the Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) short form. The MWEP was chosen for this study as it does not explicitly address work ethics with religion, making it a suitable tool for examining work ethics across three cultures with different religious practices. This study contributes to existing literature by exploring how organizational factors influence work ethics in three countries that share business interests and have cultural and economic ties. The findings indicate that these factors have an impact on work ethics in studied countries.
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The Impact of Performance on Students’ Reflective and Coping Strategies in Higher Education
Scientific article
This research aimed to track the impact of performance as a pedagogical technique on students’ reflective and coping strategies. The study was conducted at the National University of Ostroh Academy (Ukraine) in the first autumn semester of 2024 (from September to December) on a sample of 120 students from such study programs as Psychology and Public Health. The type of design was a pretest-posttest experimental design (PPED), where we measured indicators both before (pretest) and after (posttest) the performance intervention. The methodological framework consisted of three approaches: the Reflective Problem-Solving Strategies (RPSS) (Savchenko and Makienko), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) (Endler and Parker), and the BASIC Ph model (Lahad and Leykin). The study presented descriptive statistics, a chi-square test (x2), and Pearson’s correlation analysis to show connections between reflective and coping strategies. The study stated that performance positively changes reflective strategies, transforming and adapting them to external conditions. In particular, the results showed that students most frequently employed reflective strategies such as “Criticality in Analyzing and Evaluating Information” and “Making Decisions Based on Internal Standards” to achieve a more effective and systematic analysis of problems that arise during problem-solving. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that reflective strategies correlate most strongly with active and adaptive coping strategies, such as the Social Distraction Scale (CSSS) and Social Support (BASIC Ph), indicating the importance of social (group) interaction in the development of cognitive skills. Altogether, the avoidance coping strategies have been decreased significantly, indicating an increase in problem-solving, decision-making, and responsibility. The conclusion is that performance increases reflective strategies by directly solving problems, using external resources as emotional support and social coordination within the group. Performance can create open conditions for reflective problem-solving and deep emotional support between participants, which will further increase student achievement and learning motivation.
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Scientific article
In this study, we examined the extent to which implementing an informatics-developmental teaching approach with e-learning in the Nature and Society course influences student motivation. The motivation level of ten-year-old students was assessed before and after implementing this instructional approach, comparing an experimental group (innovative instruction) to a control group (traditional approach). The research was conducted using a parallel-groups experimental design on a sample of 189 fourth-grade primary school students. In the experimental group, the subject was taught following an informatics-developmental model using digital technologies (tablets, multimedia content, gamification elements), while the control group was taught using a traditional approach. Student motivation was measured with an adapted Likert scale before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent and paired-samples t-tests. Before the experiment, no significant difference in motivation was found between the two groups. At the final measurement, the experimental group had a statistically significantly higher level of motivation than the control group. The findings confirm that innovative, digitally supported instruction can enhance students’ learning motivation compared to traditional methods. The contemporary approach fostered greater student engagement and interest, which was reflected in a rise in their motivation. It is recommended to more broadly implement digitally enriched instructional strategies in primary schools to stimulate student motivation. It is also necessary to provide continuous professional development for teachers for effective integration of ICT in instruction. Future research should consider the long-term effects of such innovations and their impact on various educational outcomes.
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Scientific article
In this study, the influence of the application of an online teaching model on the development of digital cometences of future teachers in preschool institutions was examined. The research that this study deals with was carried out on a sample consisting of N=125 students of the 3rd year of basic academic and professional studies in the study program of teacher in preschool institutions. As a research instrument, a five-point Likert-type scale of attitudes was used. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of future teachers in preschool institutions when it comes to self-assessment of digital competencies before and after the implementation of online classes during the state of emergency in Serbia during the Sars-Cov-2 virus pandemic. The conclusion of the study is that the implementation of online teaching in processing the content of the Methodology of getting to know the environment affects the improvement of the digital competences of future educators when it comes to: 1) creating digital resources; 2) application of digital technologies in immediate educational work; 3) the role of digital technologies in professional development. The results of this research can be used to encourage teachers to step out of the usual pre-pandemic practice and enrich their pedagogical work with combined teaching (hybrid model) where part of the material would be analyzed in person, and part would be analyzed online using web tools, websites and videoconferencing applications.
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Scientific article
This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at exploring teachers’ perspectives on environmental education for students in the first to fourth grades of primary school. The issue of environmental education for primary school students has gained significant attention in recent decades and is now seen as an educational necessity. The study’s objectives focus on understanding teachers’ views on the importance of teaching environmental topics in the first cycle of primary education and evaluating the school’s ability to support such teaching. The research was conducted through a survey involving 455 teachers from thirty-five primary schools across eight cities in the Republic of Serbia, using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. The questionnaire featured a series of questions and rating scales based on a five-point Likert scale. Although there are some differences in respondents’ opinions based on factors such as work experience, school location, and the number of environmental seminars attended, the data suggest that teachers generally have positive views on the importance of including environmental topics in the first cycle of primary education. They also express favorable opinions about the conditions necessary to achieve the goals of environmental education in their schools. Teachers recognize the importance of studying environmental topics, not only for gaining knowledge, skills, and experiences but also for fostering students’ environmental awareness. The capacity of schools to support environmental education is most strongly influenced by extracurricular activities and various educational programs. This research highlights the crucial role of primary schools in meeting the goals of environmental education and lays the groundwork for further studies in this area, particularly focusing on teachers’ professional development and the acquisition of environmental competencies.
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The Influence of Organizational Factors on the School’s Achievements
Scientific article
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the most significant organizational factors on primary school achievements, with a note that the achievement of the school is expressed through the quality of outcome knowledge. The research was conducted on a sample of 460 employees, from 21 primary schools, of which 439 are professionals and 21 are principals in the South Bačka County, Republic of Serbia. The collected data were processed using the Gretl software and AMOS for modelling structural equations. More precisely, the research is based on the application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A neural network based on a standard multilayer perceptron model was used in the paper to test the validity of the obtained results of the AMOS model. The results of the research show that school management is the most important factor in school achievement and that this influence is most pronounced through teaching staff and school infrastructure. The results, also show that teachers’ competencies have the strongest direct influence on the quality of outcome knowledge. The results obtained indicate that decision-makers and creators of social policies must pay special attention to the selection of school principals as well as their professional education, while school principals to the selection of teachers. Future researchers are recommended to use the Sobel test to precisely determine the indirect influences of school management on school achievement.
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The Influence of The Family on the Development of a Criminal Personality
Scientific article
The family is the fundamental unit of structure and function in every society, as well as for each individual as a part of that society. As a primary social group, the family plays a key role in shaping an individual’s personality and in the adoption of socially acceptable behavioral norms, while deviations in an individual’s behavior toward criminal tendencies have always been a subject of interest to society as a whole. This paper analyzes the influence of the family environment on the development of a criminal personality, focusing on dysfunctional family relationships, neglect, domestic violence, lack of supervision, and negative behavioral patterns transmitted across generations. Drawing on theoretical foundations from contemporary criminology and developmental psychology, as well as analyzing numerous empirical studies conducted in various social and cultural contexts, this work aims to provide a comprehensive insight into how adverse family conditions - such as emotional neglect, violence, divorce, dysfunctional relationships, and lack of parental supervision - may contribute to the development of deviant behavior in children and adolescents, as well as the formation of antisocial personality traits. Although criminal behavior is a complex social phenomenon that cannot be attributed solely to family influence, the findings of this research confirm that the family environment plays a crucial role in the socialization process and in shaping an individual’s moral compass. In other words, the family is recognized as one of the most influential factors in the formation of personal and social values that can significantly impact the development of criminal tendencies. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of prevention through the strengthening of family function and support for at-risk families as part of a strategy to combat criminal behavior.
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The Influence оf E-Sports оn Economy Education аnd Cultural Communication
Scientific article
The growing popularity of eSports has attracted significant attention due to its potential influence beyond the realm of entertainment. This paper investigates the effects of eSports on the economy, education, and cultural communication. By exploring how eSports platforms and events provide avenues for generating profit, facilitating learning, and fostering cultural exchange, the study seeks to reveal the diverse impacts of digital gaming on both business and education, as well as its role in global communication This study employs a descriptive-qualitative methodology, examines case studies to evaluate the industry’s economic prospects, educational advantages, and the cross-cultural connections promoted by eSports. The results demonstrate that eSports is a versatile platform that not only improves digital literacy and collaboration skills but also acts as a conduit for cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world. Furthermore, economic revenues from e-sports continue to grow annually. Grasping these dynamics is essential for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders aiming to harness digital gaming for economic, educational and cultural progress.
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Scientific article
Various factors, including knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices, influence the quality of pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers’ instruction. The relationships among these factors have been investigated in many previous studies. This systematic review investigated the relationships among knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices of pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers by analyzing included studies from 2015 to 2023. The study used systematic review methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, along with descriptive and qualitative statistical analyses. A collection of 38 relevant studies, selected from databases such as Google Scholar, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis Online, was analyzed to answer the research questions after a screening and eligibility assessment using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research results on the relationships among knowledge, beliefs, and instructional practices of pre-service and in-service mathematics teachers reported in the included studies are relatively diverse. In particular, most research shows that teachers’ knowledge affects their beliefs and the quality of teaching in their instructional practices. In contrast, their instructional practices promote the development of their knowledge, reflect, and enhance their beliefs. However, the proportion of studies finding the relationships among these factors to be insignificant remains relatively low. Based on these findings, the study makes recommendations to stakeholders for in-service mathematics teachers’ professional development and training, as well as pre-service mathematics teacher training programs. In addition, the study highlights limitations and suggests new research directions for the future.
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems
Scientific article
The problem we tried to solve relates to the application of artificial intelligence in the legal and judicial system. Given the fact that artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly taking precedence in various areas of human existence and work, it is an undoubted fact that the legal and judicial systems have not been left out either. It is precisely for this reason that the current state of the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system, as well as potential new solutions, was first reviewed. In addition to the current one, we focused on the application of artificial intelligence in the legal and judicial system, especially in the domain of decision-making. In this regard, in this paper we propose the use of explainable artificial intelligence, which increasingly takes place when dealing with systems in which the precision and clarity of the parameters on the basis of which a decision is made are of great importance. Looking at the advantages of using explainable artificial intelligence in the decision-making process, one gets the impression that the application of such a model of neural networks can provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the legal system to accept the use of artificial intelligence in decision-making in the judicial system.
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The Role of Education and the Digital Era in Reducing the Economic Gap and Gender Inequality
Scientific article
This paper explores the role of education and the digital era in reducing the economic gap and gender inequality. The main objective is to analyze how modern educational practices, combined with access to digital technologies, can contribute to the economic empowerment of women and the reduction of gender-based discrimination. The focus is placed on three interconnected areas: income disparity, access to digital technology, and educational inequality. Through a review of existing literature and statistical data, the paper highlights the importance of inclusive educational policies and digital literacy as key factors for improving women’s position in society and the labor market. Special attention is given to the need for equitable access to digital infrastructure, continuous support in education, and the creation of equal opportunities for participation in the digital economy.
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The application of artificial intelligence in education - the current state and trends
Scientific article
The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of contemporary AI tools and technologies in education. The paper will mainly focus on a close examination of relevant academic literature as well as the current situation and methods of AI implementation in different sectors, finally, in education. Particularly, it was crucial that there were identified the major directions of applying AI in learning with an emphasis on learners and educators being the basic aspects of AI use within modern educational approaches. Secondly, some benefits and drawbacks concerning AI implementations in education supported by experiences from industry leaders and specific satisfaction measures among existing users, are analyzed. The most significant part covers integrating findings that show facts about artificial intelligence being used in education for 2024 like top online learning statistics for 2024, top AI statistics for 2024, and best AI plagiarism checkers for teachers in 2024 respectively. This includes evaluating teacher or instructor preparation skills to employ artificial intelligence (AI) tools and technology as well as ways students can learn how to use them without misuse towards quality education improvement.
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Scientific article
The present study examines the links between personality traits, leisure activities, and memory in older adults after controlling for leisure activities and demographic factors. The research sample consisted of 24,930 individuals aged 65 to 101 years from 27 European countries (43.2% men and 56.8% women). Data from the 7th Wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe was analyzed. Memory was assessed using a modified version of Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Personality traits were assessed using the BFI-10 Personality Traits Questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that personality traits such as openness to experience and neuroticism allow for the prediction of memory capacity in older adulthood. These relationships remained significant even after controlling for cognitively stimulating leisure activities and age. These results show that personality traits such as neuroticism and openness to experience might be valuable in predicting memory functioning among older adults.
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The attitudes and opinions of teachers to their competences
Report
The teaching profession is built upon the initial education on relevant pedagogical faculties, and further upgraded and improved through continuing education through various forms of professional development. The competencies of the teacher for realization of educational activity represents the content and function of its professional obligations. Global taxonomy of teacher’s competences are consisted of pedagogical competencies and professional competencies. The pedagogical competence of the teacher has one main characteristic - it enables the organization and realization of educational process. The professional competences of the teacher, in fact, represent the competence and commitment to implement the teaching. The subject of research in this paper is the professional competences of the teachers. The research is focused on the identification of the professional competencies of the teacher, with the possibility of extension and deepening of the established taxonomy with new competences. The professional qualifications of teachers are closely related to the profile and characteristics of the educational system. Partial and global changes in educational systems have led to changes in competence of the teacher. In order to establish more successful future projection of the impact of teacher’s competences on all school activities and arising results, the proposed changes will focus on: improving the quality of working conditions in primary schools - the basic requirements to equip with modern educational technology; changes in curriculum placement; greater efficiency of educational work; systematic assessment of the teacher, which will result in raising its position in society.
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The basic principles of research in neuroeducation studies
Review article
The present paper assembles contributions from the areas of education, psychology, cognitive science, and of course, neuroeducation itself to introduce the basic principles of research in the field of neuroeducation studies. It is particularly important, as such it is a useful way to justify researchers about what neuroeducation as a specific domain do that no other field can do as well or cannot do at all. Based on the literature reviewed, neuroeducational research can be understood as an interdisciplinary endeavor to develop an insightful understanding and holistic picture of problems related to learning and education. It thus epistemologically is based on an integrated methodological pluralism paradigm. This requires researchers to understand multiple methods and methodologies and employ as they formulate their own research projects. Researchers have a critical role to play in providing systematic evidence and conclusions that are scientifically valid and reliable and educationally relevant and usable. One significant implication of this argument is the need to strengthen the quality of the research component in graduate programs of the field and train interested researchers in the identification and formulation of relevant research questions.
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Scientific article
The article shows that the unstable situation in the world leads to possible armed conflicts, affecting primarily children, experiencing various traumatic consequences. Such a situation arises in post-conflict regions and creates a need for teachers who possess the necessary competencies when teaching children with experience of traumatic effects. The purpose of the article is to study the state and trends in the development of psychological and pedagogical issues related to the use of collaborative learning technologies to form the psychological culture of future teachers in order to further work with children with experience of traumatic effects. It is shown that the analysis of the formation and development of the problems of group psychological corrective work is grounded on the basic principles identified by representatives of various directions. The authors propose to build the training of future teachers on the basis of a model of joint thinking for the subsequent organization of teachers' interaction with children who have experience of traumatic effects. The authors analyzed the basic principles of group psychologically corrective work from the point of view of the possibilities of organizing joint thinking. The basic principles of the organization of training of future teachers were highlighted, their meaningful characteristics for the purposes of organizing joint thinking were given. A comparison of the principles of group psychological corrective work and the principles of the organization of joint thinking of future teachers is carried out. Their correlation and the importance of using joint thinking in organizing the training of future teachers and for conducting psychologically corrective work with children are shown.
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Report
Improving the quality of the practical teaching in recent years has gained greater significance among all the included parties of all the levels in the educational process. Consequently, this issue has been approached from several aspects in regards to the constitution of the conceptual, systematic, structural, and content physiognomy in the organization and conduct of the process of practical teaching. The successiveness in setting the research and its complete theoretical foundation starts with setting up a model for practical teaching, in which all the relative factors from the three educational subsystems simultaneously and actively help to develop it. This initiation is completed through the provision of educational support, and realization with a high level of activity, all in all accompanied by a continuous follow-up of the model. The action character of the research represents continual movement in the direction of changes, additions, revisions, and expansions, approached through analysis of the acquired knowledge, developed competences, and relevant viewpoints of the included interested parties.Due to the universality of the basic pedagogical concept for practical teaching, which is applied in this research, one of the ideas that the researchers had been for it to become a generator, i.e. a specific example for support of practical teaching in higher education through the development of various profiles. It primarily refers to that category of students who in the future will choose whether they want to work as kindergarten teachers, primary or secondary school teachers, or school pedagogues, in different levels of education.
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Scientific article
Parental involvement is an important factor in students’ achievement, and numerous studies have shown that it increases students’ success. As research on father’s involvement has become one of the current topics in education today, there is a need to separate the effect exercised by fathers from the overall family one. The aim of this study is to synthesize various studies which have focused on different aspects of fathers’ involvement; therefore, a meta-analysis would be an ideal method to create a synthesis of these perspectives and provide one general measure of fathers’ involvement effect. Nine studies have been included in the meta-analysis, where fathers’ involvement has been operationalized through father’s involvement in: education of children at school and at home, psychosocial well-being of children, modelling of behavior and leisure activities. The results show that the total measure of effect size differs from zero after applying the fixed model (z=13.510, p=0.000) and the random effect model (z=4.588, p=0.000), that is, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the involvement of fathers and the academic success of their children. The value of the heterogeneity test (Q=66.560, df=8, p=.000, I2=87.981) indicates that the overall effect can be viewed according to the assumptions of the random effects model. The conducted meta-analysis has confirmed the assumption that fathers’ involvement is positively related to children’s academic performance.
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Scientific article
Children and youth of school age form a special population group highly sensitive to various stressors and negative effects in everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis characterized by uncertainty, vulnerability, changes in quality of life together with urgent transition to distant/online learning affected significantly psychological well-being of children and youth. The aim of this study was to assess the cross-cultural differences in actual stress in Russian and Kyrgyz schoolchildren with high and low levels of anxiety and depression during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and after a year life during the pandemic. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey completed by total 1834 schoolchildren aged from 13 to 18 from Russia and Kyrgyzstan, the periods of survey: 10th May - 10th June, 2020; 18th May -15th June, 2021. The Perceived Stress Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess stress, anxiety and depression scores. The findings suggest that there are cross-cultural differences in perceived stress amongst schoolchildren with high level of depression and anxiety: Russian respondents in 2021 demonstrated less pronounced index of the perceived stress than Kyrgyz schoolchildren. The stress level of Kyrgyz schoolchildren increased significantly in 2021 in comparison to the period of outbreak of the pandemic. In 2021 in both countries we found the same pattern: girls had significantly more pronounced stress than boys. The results disclose important aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on schoolchildren and demonstrate the emerging need of psychological aid and for supporting schoolchildren mental health.
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