Статьи журнала - International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing
Все статьи: 508
An Improved DWT-SVD Based Robust Digital Image Watermarking for Color Image
Статья научная
The Digital Watermarking Technique has gained its importance due to its ability to provide the secure mechanism for copyright protection and authenticity of the digital data in this high growing internet and computer technology where the tampering and distribution of digital data illegally from unauthorized users is inevitable. For these two important properties of Digital Watermarking, i.e. Robustness and Imperceptibility of watermarked image must take into consideration. In this paper, invisible robust digital watermarking is proposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition in YCbCr Color space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with some previous works and results found are more robust against various geometric attacks.
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An Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Liquid flow Control System
Статья научная
Liquid flow in a process industry is one of the significant factors which should be controlled to get the better quality and decrease the expense of generation. Customary methodology includes manual tuning of the input process parameter to obtain the required flow rate is tedious and exorbitant. Notwithstanding, estimation of a precise computational model for fluid stream control procedure can fill in as elective methodology. It is only a non-straight enhancement issue. As a contextual investigation, the WFT - 20-I measure control arrangement for flow rate measurement and Control issue is thought of. In this work we proposes a hybrid improved particle swarm optimization (PSO-GWO) used to start the people's position, which can build the decent variety of the wolf pack, balance the global and neighborhood search capacity of the calculation and improve the intermingling pace of the calculation contrast with the Gray wolf enhancement (GWO) and Particle swarm advancement (PSO). Non linear models are improved utilizing those recently proposed streamlining strategies. Additionally all the utilized optimization techniques can anticipate the fluid stream rate with good exactness. The outcomes were investigated by utilizing the root mean square error (RMSE), exactness, and the different measures to evaluate the level of identification performance of the liquid flow contextual analysis model. The trustworthiness of the present models was compared with the past model for similar subsystems utilizing competitive intelligent methodologies. The measurable examination of the acquired outcomes produced the proposed HPSOGWO has most elevated generally speaking proficiency (i.e.99.96%) and it beat the others strategies for the majority of the instances of demonstrating for fluid stream control process. The outcomes of the present model show that the proposed approach gives prevalent demonstrating execution and outflanks its rivals.
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An Improved HARQ Mapping Mechanism in LTE-Advanced System
Статья научная
Based on the analysis of the current hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) mapping mechanism and the corresponding problems in LTE-Advanced system with carrier aggregation, this paper designs an improved HARQ mapping mechanism, in which an idea of semi-static mapping is introduced. The simulation results validate its effectiveness in improving system performance through the trade-off between diversity gain and overhead.
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Статья научная
Virtualization technology play a vital role in cloud computing. In virtualization environment multiple applications can run at a same time. VM migration is one of the important features of the virtualization, which allows application to be transparently migrated along with their execution environments across physical machines. VM migration consists of four steps. These steps are source PM selection, VM selection from the selected PM in first step, target PM selection for placing the selected VM and selecting method for transfer VM data. In our proposed approach we are focusing on the last step i.e., choosing method for transferring VM data. In this paper proposed approach is divided into two phases. First phase filter all pages which is modified in the last iteration and unmodified in the current iteration. In the second phase, page is divided into two types i.e., high dirty page and normal based on the modification in the last few iterations. For all filtered pages in the first phase now we check the number of times when the page is modified from the history record. If the page is modified more times the page will not be send in the current iteration otherwise the page will be send to the destination VM. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach it is implemented in CloudSim simulator and compare with the existing time series based pre-copy approach in term of total migration time and down time. Experiment result shows that proposed approach gives better result as compare to the base approach.
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An Innovative Leukemia Detection System using Blood Samples via a Microscopic Accessory
Статья научная
Leukemic patients are in a rapid increase. Hence, the use of microscopic images of blood samples through visual inspection to identify blood disorders has increased, opening the door for computerized techniques for detecting leukemia. This project applies computer vision techniques to increase the accuracy and speed of detection from periph-eral blood. It also enhances visualization by providing an appropriate supplement to traditional microscopy. A micro-computer (Raspberry Pi) was well programmed in Python for analyzing images with the help of a Raspberry Pi camera and a touch screen as an alternative to the eyepiece. To achieve diversity and seek for more accuracy, image datasets for this project were obtained from various resources. These datasets were then analyzed through image processing techniques to detect leukemia cells. This detection process involves resizing cells to a standard size, noise removal by linear scaling filter, global-local contrast enhancement, segmentation of white blood cells (WBCs) using marker-controlled watershed algorithm, overlapping detection and separation using watershed and k-means clustering algorithms, and extraction with selection of the most relevant features from cells. These features were then imported into the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model which resulted in an accuracy of 93.2773%. A standalone desktop application with a suitable graphical user interface (GUI) was implemented. It was then uploaded into the Raspberry Pi, some code lines were rewritten for dealing with the camera, the hardware was designed and implemented, and then formal experiments were conducted resulting in the detection of leukemia in 5 samples out of 6. This implies that precise detection can be implemented with different data taken in various imaging conditions.
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Статья научная
Optical Character Recognition Systems (OCR) is a tool that helps computers read text from pictures of papers. It makes it easier for machines to understand what the words say without needing a person to read it out loud. It allows for easy digitizing of historical documents, archival material, and medical records thereby saving on their retrieval times. However, the accuracy of OCR systems heavily relies on the quality of the input images. To negate the contribution of the quality of input images to the accuracy of OCR systems, in this paper, we propose an integrated image pre-processing pipeline integrated with the OCR systems that enhances the quality of input images for efficient image to text conversion. This method results in an easily understandable text output with a lower Character Error Rate (CER) in comparison to the current methods. In addition, we explore a technique for converting text from a document or image into machine-readable form and then converting it to audio output using gTTS, a Python library that interfaces with Google Translate's text-to-speech API. We assess the effectiveness of this approach and illustrate that it substantially enhances OCR precision when compared to other existing methods. This paper presents a clear overview of the growth phases and significant obstacles, accompanied by compelling comparisons of results achieved through various methods.
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Статья научная
Nonpolluting, renewable energy can be harnessed from the sun using solar thermal concentrator and photovoltaic systems. A novel asymmetric oblique compound conical solar concentrator was designed and constructed with automatic solar tracking system. The experimental study of the developed system was carried out to inspect the efficiency of the designed solar concentrator and automatic azimuth and altitude tracking. In this solar tracking, the RTC (Real Time clock) based active solar tracking method is used to track the sun in order to attain the maximum temperature. A simple microcontroller based control system is used to control this open loop solar tracking system, further the concentrated thermal power was measured using both the K-type temperature sensor and thermometer gun. The temperature obtained at the receiver of solar concentrator is sent to the measurement unit using GSM wireless module available at remote location. The monitoring unit receives the temperature values and recoded them regularly. Besides, the maximum average solar thermal power of the system was observed to be during 10.00 AM to 3.00 PM. This temperature is useful for various heating applications.
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Статья научная
CMOS is a technology that has revolutionized the field of electronics. Over the time the processing technologies and design methodologies of CMOS devices have proved to be in full swing with the Moore’s law and the miniaturization paradigm. However, after surviving for more than five decades, CMOS is now facing challenges to live through the submicron ranges. The scaling in CMOS has reached a higher limit, showing adverse effects not only from physical and technological point of view but also from material and economical perspective. This drift inspires the researchers to look for new promising alternatives to CMOS which vow better performance, density and power consumption. One of the promising alternatives to digital designing in CMOS is the Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). QCA is a technology that involves no current transfer but works on electronic interaction between the cells. The QCA cell basically consists of quantum dots separated by certain distance and the entire transmission of information occurs via the interaction between the electrons localized in these quantum dots. In this paper the limitations to CMOS in submicron range and concepts for designing in QCA have been discussed. Further the building blocks are explained theoretically as well as using QCA Designer implementations with focus on cell interaction and clocking mechanisms.
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Статья научная
Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) is a solid waste obtained from the boilers of sugar factories after the combustion of sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse ash mainly consists of amorphous silica and can be used as a supplementary cementitious material in the production of concrete. In the present study, the physical properties of sugarcane bagasse ash, namely, particle size distribution, surface area, specific gravity, morphology and chemical properties like elemental composition of SBA and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) have been investigated. The microstructural observations were made using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Elemental compositions were analyzed and images coupled to microanalysis by Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The microstructure observations and elemental characterization of cement concrete matrix was also carried out after 28 days of curing. Blended cement concrete specimens were prepared using SBA up to 30% in regular intervals of 10% by weight of pure Portland cement, coarse and fine aggregate, tap water and superplastisizer. SEM results indicates that substitution of SBA particles by Portland cement produces dense matrix as compared to control mix and EDS analysis shows fluctuations in calcium and silica concentrations as the cement replacement level increases in the blended cement concrete.
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Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Deterministic Mathematical Model of Pediculosis Capitis
Статья научная
In this work, we formulated a deterministic mathematical continuous time model for the detection and elimination of a non-life threatening disease (head lice) by considering a fixed (constant) population size during the epidemic period. The formulated mathematical model was normalized for easy analysis, the model’s properties were obtained, as well as the disease free equilibrium point, the local stability and the basic reproduction number. We adopted MATLAB programing language to carry out the numerical simulation of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation, as well as simulation of different model state variables and effects of different model parameters on the state variables over time. Our result shows that early detection and treatment will lead to termination of the disease.
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Analysis and Treatment of Water Contaminated by Petroleum Products
Статья научная
The unparalleled rate in population explosion and advancements in technology has created alarming impacts on the society. This has urged the need for vigilant and efficient data mining of these phenomena. Petroleum being an indispensible part of life has escorted to several detrimental results. Air and water are the major elements which fall prey to this. The present study involves rigorous scrutinizing with statistical analysis of test data carried out on water samples collected from petrol pumps and automobile service stations for the determination of nature of configuration. The samples were collected at regular time intervals and at the fixed place irrespective of the weather and climatic conditions that prevailed. The haphazardness or fuzziness of the amount of contamination present in water recipients due to petroleum products is being evaluated using regression analysis and the runs test. It is found that organic and inorganic chemicals are more in the collected sample that leads to chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the same was reduced using activated rice husk as an adsorbent. A case study involving its harmful effects on concrete is accessed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests.
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Analysis of CT DICOM image segmentation for abnormality detection
Статья научная
The cancer is a menacing disease. More care is required while diagnosing cancer disease. Mostly CT modality is used for Cancer therapy. Image processing techniques [1] can help doctors to diagnose easily and more accurately. Image pre-processing [2], segmentation methods [3] are used in extraction of cancerous nodules from CT images. Many researches have been done on segmentation of CT images with different algorithms, but they failed to reach 100% accuracy. This research work, proposes a model for analysis of CT image segmentation with filtered and without filtered images. And brings out the importance of pre-processing of CT images.
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Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness of Grid-Based and Off-Grid Electrification Designs in Nigeria
Статья научная
The significance of electricity access to man's socioeconomic development cannot be overstated. putting competing demands on limited resources. Electrification as one of the demands requires efficient use of these scarce resources using appropriate electrification plans that would improve the attractiveness of policymakers to electrification which in turn brings the development to rural and extending communities. There is a need for a rural-electrification planning structure that considers social equity and balanced regional development through the most cost-effective investment options delivering a reasonable level of service. The objectives of the study were to compare two electrification plans including extending the existing grid distribution system and implementing renewable energy-based rural electrification (RE) for two dissimilar communities. Grid extension, which has a lower initial installation cost and is a suitable option where there are commercial and industrial consumers, is the most economically feasible electrification plan for a community that is close to the existing power grid or one that is growing, according to the study's findings. However, results of the study also show that off-grid electrification model is more cost-effective than a grid extension for electrifying far-from-the-grid un-electrified areas. This model has a higher functional value, economic value, and suitability for remote communities because these areas have fewer infrastructures and off-grid systems are typically designed for basic lighting and residential applications.
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Analysis of Exposure Uniformity on Cells in Vitro with 900MHz TEM Chamber
Статья научная
The TEM chamber is a proposed exposure device for experiments detecting cell responses to electromagnetic irradiation at the mobile frequency of 900 MHz. In this paper, we extend the traditional propagating-wave exposure to the standing-wave exposure. Four standing waves with different properties are produced respectively by two types of passive loads and two types of active loads. Systematically, the maximum E field and maximum H field of the standing waves are used to expose Petri dishes of three sizes. The standard deviation (SD) of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is calculated for the cell layer and the cell suspension. We compare the SD data to determine the best arrangement with the highest exposure uniformity while considering the exposure intensity. The investigation uses the numerical simulation of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with the result accuracy supported by comparison to theoretical data on the field distribution in the TEM chamber.
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Analysis of Late Blight Disease in Tomato Leaf Using Image Processing Techniques
Статья научная
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the most widely grown crops in the world. This crop is easily prone to various diseases. One such disease is late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans. The first symptoms of late blight on tomato leaves are irregularly shaped, water soaked lesions, which are typically found on the younger leaves of the plant canopy. During humid conditions, white cottony growth may be visible on the underside of affected leaves. As the disease progresses, lesions enlarge causing leaves to brown, shrivel and perish. Hence in the present paper, a novel computer vision system has been proposed for detection and analysis of late blight disease. The proposed system implements thresholding algorithm to classify the leaf as diseased or healthy. Later it uses K -means clustering algorithm for analyzing late blight disease. The experiment was carried out on leaves of tomato collected from various plantations. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the developed system in analyzing the late blight disease are 84%, 85% and 80% respectively.
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Analysis of Overhead Transmission Line Parameters with Uncertainty
Статья научная
Overhead Transmissions Lines (OTL) are outdoor systems, which can easily be affected by weather fluctuation. In the worst-case scenario, temperature variation, horizontal wind and vertical ice-loading make the value of sag, tension and conductor (cable) length to vary between low to high extremes. The temperature and cable length variations have an effect on the resistance of the OTL. This variation leads to a variable voltage drop, which is mostly considered with load variation. In order to calculate resultant loading, sag, tension, cable length and resistances of an OTL, an uncertainty model based on Standard Affine Arithmetic (SAA) is proposed and the result is compared with the probabilistic Monte Carlo (MC) and Interval Arithmetic (IA) approaches. Based on the test results, the SAA based algorithm gives slightly conservative bound than the IA and MC approaches.
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Analysis of Resistance Parasitic of Single Wall CNT bundle with Copper for VLSI Interconnect
Статья научная
The rapid technology advancement in VLSI leads to decreased in chip size to few nanometers. With such continues miniaturization of VLSI devices has strong impact on the VLSI technology in certain ways such as increase in resistance. The performances of ICs have been decreasing aggressively with increase in resistance, which furtherlead to increase interconnect delay thus becoming much more significant factor of problem. Thus traditional Copper interconnects have now become a significant performance delimiter due to increase in its resistance at Nano level. Thus to overcome from the limitation of Copper, Carbon Nanotubes have been proposed as a possible future replacement of Copper interconnect. Several different configuration of CNT proposed, out of which Single Wall CNT configuration has been received much attention for their unique characteristics and as a possible alternative to Cu interconnects in future ICs. In this paper we have compare the equivalent circuit model of Single wall CNTs against traditional Cu interconnectfor resistance parameter. For the first time an impact of length, width and mean free path on interconnect resistance is study at 22nm proving a CNT as strong replacement to Copper interconnect.
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Analysis of Risk Factors for Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Survey Research
Статья научная
In the world ergonomics is involved everywhere, where is work there is a risk factor. Musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) is a major risk factor in human life because it affects bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues of whole human body parts such as the neck, shoulder, arms, wrists, hips, legs, thigh, knee, ankles, etc. so mainly our study focus on musculoskeletal disorders. This study there has used questionnaires in four factors those are socio-demographic, psychological, occupational, and biomechanical. In these factors number of questions were included in the data has been collected. In addition, there was the Nordic section in questions from that we analyzed the pain in different parts of the human body. The study concentrated on the business, education, industry, and healthcare sectors in Hyderabad, Kotri, and Jamshoro. University students and teachers, retail salespeople, manufacturing industry workers, nurses, doctors, nursing assistants, and other health professionals comprised the sample group. The questionnaires were fully completed by 50% of the respondents, resulting in a sample of 116 workers. The majority of the participants were private employees with one to fifteen years of experience in teaching or caring. In this study data has been analyzed through Co-relation between four factors with the Nordic section and ANOVA test through excel and it gives the value of p is also less than 0.05 so we cannot reject the null hypothesis. Over this study it has been analyzed that population is evolving in problems and there should be the proper implementation of ergonomics and safety rules. Test gives the values are not significant and null hypothesis should not reject and it should be improving.
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Analysis of Synonymous Codon Usage in the newly identified DPV UL43 Gene
Статья научная
In this paper, we analyzed the UL43 gene of duck plague virus (DPV) of codon usage bias. The results may provide a basis for understanding the evolution and pathogenesis of DPV and for selecting appropriate host expression systems to improve the expression of target gene in vitro. In this study, the synonymous codon usage bias of UL43 gene in the 24 herpesviruses have been analyzed and the results showed obvious differences by the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI), effective number of codons (ENC) and the value of G + C content at the 3rd codon position (GC_(3s)). In addition, the results revealed that the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon positon have widely usage in the codon of UL43 gene of DPV. G + C compositional constraint is the main factor that determines the codon usage bias in UL43 gene. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that DPV was evolutionarily closer to fowl herpesviruses which further clustered into Alphaherpesvirinae. Furthermore the ORF of UL43 gene has sequential rare codons. There were 25 codons showing distinct usage differences between DPV with Escherichia coli, 24 codons showing distinct usage differences between DPV with yeast, and 32 between DPV and H. sapiens. Therefore the yeast and E. coli expression system may be suitable for the expression of DPV UL43 gene if some codons could be optimized.
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Статья научная
EDM is a non-contact machining process widely used for shaping electro-conductive materials regardless of their hardness. In EDM material removal takes place by a series of recurring electrical sparks between the tool electrode and workpiece. In this study the effect of variation of discharge current on various machining parameters including Metal removal rate (MRR), Tool removal rate (TRR) and Surface roughness has been considered. A total of 32 experiments were conducted on four different workpieces i.e. Die Steel-D3, En-8, En-19 and Stainless steel (SS-AISI-440C) with the help of Copper and Aluminium electrodes. In this study Die-Sinking EDM has been employed and the results are shown with the help of graphs.
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