Статьи журнала - International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing
Все статьи: 484
Braille Recognition using a Camera-enabled Smartphone
Статья научная
The paper proposes a method to process the image of a Braille document that interprets the raised dots on the document and converts them to their equivalent English characters. It was found that under ideal conditions of light and alignment of the Braille document with respect to the smartphone, the application can achieve more than 80% accuracy. The application can be used in the education domain, wherein users who do not understand Braille may help visually-impaired or blind students in their learning activities such as assignments and tests.
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C2C E-commerce Risk Assessment Based on AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Статья научная
Firstly this paper gives an introduction to the current C2C e-commerce transactions in China and gives a review of relevant theories and research. Then, we proposed a new method that AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of combining, and discuss the methods used in this risk assessment of the feasibility of e-commerce transactions. Finally, an instance of the application of this method to assess the final results prove that the application of the method of assessment of such problems feasible. With the rapid development of Internet, e-commerce as a new business model has achieved great development and progress which greatly changed the way people live and work, at the same time it gives a rise to the unlimited business opportunities. C2C is one kind of the e-commerce transactions, Internet service providers that use of computer and network technology, used to provide paid or unpaid. E-commerce platform allows two parties (mainly for individual users) in its platform to bid independently, bargaining-based online trading patterns. In recent years, China's C2C market in a rapid growth phase, this model has become the holder of a large number of small venture capital approach. However, due to the virtual nature of online transactions, buyers and sellers transaction process is often non-face environment in, on product quality, price and service and other aspects of information entirely on the buyer's estimate. Therefore, C2C e-commerce system model is a clear system of information asymmetry, the potential risk is enormous. Asymmetric information in this trading environment, to ensure smooth transactions and reduce risk, the two sides of the credit problem is particularly prominent. Meanwhile, in the current transaction before the transaction, the risk prediction and assessment has become very important. Currently, e-commerce e-commerce credit risk has become a constraint to further development of the main obstacles.
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CFD Investigation of Thermal and Pressurization Performation in LHe Tank
Статья научная
Research on thermal response of liquid helium storage tank is an important part of non-destructive storage technology for liquid helium, However there are few reports on the thermal response of liquid helium storage tanks. Taking the thermal stratification, pressure rise phenomenon and natural convection of liquid helium storage tank as research objects, based on the Lee model, the finite volume method was used for the first time to study the non-steady-state thermal response which simultaneously considering the change of liquid helium and vapor helium properties. Thus the tank pressure, temperature and flow rate distribution at different times were obtained, and the effects of evaporation rate and filling rate on the pressure rise and temperature rise of the storage tank were analyzed. The research shows that with the increase of simulation time, the liquid helium shows thermal stratification. In addition, the pressure is distributed in a stepwise manner which is lower in the upper part, and higher in the lower part, while the pressure distribution in the gas phase space is more uniform; After the liquid helium in the near-wall area is heated, it rises along the wall surface to the free liquid surface under buoyancy lift, and then flows into the main flow area of the liquid helium; As the evaporation rate increases, the temperature rise and pressure rise rate in the gas phase space of the storage tank increase, while the filling rate have less influence on the temperature rise and pressure rise rate.This work provides guidance for non-destructive storage and transportation theory of liquid helium storage tanks.
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COVID-19 Patient Health Monitoring System
Статья научная
The system proposed can be used to regular checkup of the COVID patients while maintaining the social distancing. Also, the data sensed by the sensors is directly sent to doctor, reducing the cost of paying regular visits to doctor. The Iot platform used in the system helps to transfer the real time patient’s data remotely to host device. Daily health record can be maintained and can be viewed easily on graphs charts ease for doctors to see any abrupt changes in oxygen level or rise in temperature. To track the patient health micro-controller is in turn interfaced to an LCD display and wi-fi connection to send the data to the web-server (wireless sensing node). In case of any abrupt changes in patient heart-rate or body temperature alert is sent about the patient using IoT. This system also shows patients temperature and heartbeat tracked live data with timestamps over the Internetwork.
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Calculation of Failure Probability of Series and Parallel Systems for Imprecise Probability
Статья научная
In the situation that unit failure probability is imprecise when calculation the failure probability of system, classical probability method is not applicable, and the analysis result of interval method is coarse. To calculate the reliability of series and parallel systems in above situation, D-S evidence theory was used to represent the unit failure probability. Multi-sources information was fused, and belief and plausibility function were used to calculate the reliability of series and parallel systems by evidential reasoning. By this mean, lower and upper bounds of probability distribution of system failure probability were obtained. Simulation result shows that the proposed method is preferable to deal with the imprecise probability in reliability calculation, and can get additional information when compare with interval analysis method.
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Characterization and Anti-proliferative Activity of Ethanol Extract of Tartary Buckwheat
Статья научная
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) has been consumed in China as health food and medicine. In this study, the ethanol extract (EE) of tartary buckwheat was prepared. The major flavonoid in EE was identified as rutin by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS and the content of rutin in EE was determined as 27.4 % by HPLC. In the anticancer assay, it was found EE could inhibit the proliferation of the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma Hep G2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The increase of an early apoptotic population was observed by both annexin-FITC and PI staining, which suggested that EE could induce Hep G2 cells to enter into apoptosis.
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Classification of small sets of images with pre-trained neural networks
Статья научная
Nowadays the rise of the artificial intelligence is with high speed. Even we are far away from the moment when machines are going to make decisions instead of human beings, the development in some fields of artificial intelligence is astonishing. Deep neural networks are such a filed. They are in a big expansion in a new millennium. Their application is wide: they are used in processing images, video, speech, audio, and text. In the last decade, researches put special attention and resources in the development of special kind of neural networks, convolutional neural networks. These networks have been widely applied to a variety of pattern recognition problems. Convolutional neural networks were trained on millions of images and it is difficult to outperform the accuracies that have been achieved. On the other hand, when we have a small dataset to train the network, there is no success to do it from a scratch. This article exploits the technique of transfer learning for classifying the images of small datasets. It consists fine-tuning of the pre-trained neural network. Here in details is presented the selection of hyper parameters in such networks, in order to maximize the classification accuracy. In the end, the directions have been proposed for the selection of the hyper parameters and of the pre-trained network which can be suitable for transfer learning.
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Color Image Segmentation Using Level Set Method With Initialization Mask in Multiple Color Spaces
Статья научная
The aim of image segmentation in imaging science is to solve the problem of partitioning an image into smaller disjoint homogeneous regions that share similar attributes. The improvement of level set method (LSM) based on Chan-Vese (C-V) model with initialization mask for vector image segmentation in multiple color spaces is studied here. And simultaneously, the final segmentation is completed by a simple labeling scheme. Then the comparative study of the refined C-V model is done in multiple color spaces. The experimental results illustrate that the optimized C-V model leads faster and better segmentation results with robustness to noise and good adaptability in RGB, CIE XYZ, and YCbCr color spaces where the results of test image changes little. But it has made mistakes in HSV and CIE L*a*b* color model. Moreover, these color spaces, i.e. h1h2h3, produce poor segmentation on the reliability and accuracy of a set of test images by performance analysis with evaluation indicators.
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Colour, Texture, and Shape Features based Object Recognition Using Distance Measures
Статья научная
Object recognition is the recognizing process of objects into semantically expressive classes using its visual insides. Classification of objects becomes complex and challenging task because of its size, poor image quality, occlusion, scaling, geometric distortion, lightening, etc. In this paper, global descriptors that means Color, Texture, and Shape features are used to recognize object. Color histogram is used to obtain the color content, texture content is obtained using Gabor wavelet, and shape content is extracted using Hough transform. These low level or global features are used for creating feature vector. Distance measure is used to find the 1-Nearest Neighbor from the training images i.e. object with minimum distance or maximum similarity with visual contents of the query image. The class of that training image is the predicted label of the query image. We have used twelve different distance measures: some are metrics, some are non-metrics and finally, their recognition accuracy is compared. Ensemble of these distance measures is also used for object recognition in the image. We evaluate this method on a publicly available object-recognition dataset: Columbia Object Image Library (COIL-100) dataset. The experiments show that the recognized results outperform many state-of-the-art methods.
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Combining Local Binary Patterns and Visual Attention for Face Recognition
Статья научная
Effectiveness of local binary pattern (LBP) for face recognition has been proven. But the weight of weighted LBP is difficult to determine. In this paper, we proposed a biologically plausible approach to set the weight automatically. Combining LBP and visual attention, a weight map can be constructed by summing over the saliency map. The weight map outlines salient information in the image and helpful for recognition. Experimental results show that the presented method is efficient and effective.
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Communication Challenges for Distributed Teams
Статья научная
The paper discusses the issues and problems faced by individuals working in diverse or distributed teams especially in the software industry. The research shows a feedback and trend of the teams that work in distributed environments letting us understand the behaviors and figuring out solutions for the problems of communication. The trend was already set in a few organizations that provided outsourcing services to their clients but after the recent issue of the pandemic almost all organizations switched towards this trend and started focusing on working in distributed teams and not on site. This ensured the safety of the employees as well as it let them keep their work and performance undisturbed. But in the practice of working in distributed teams the major factor that affected the performance was the problem in communication, either due to the available mediums (online meeting software products) or the internet connections. The only factor affecting the performances somehow was the communication problem factor and we have addressed this in our paper, moreover a survey is also done through a questionnaire with the people of software industries in Pakistan and a result is generated for how the people feel working in distributed environments and what hurdles they faced in communication.
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Статья научная
It has analyzed the transition processes for the content of the revenue equivalence principle. It used the revenue equivalence principle to derive the equilibrium bidding strategies in the first, second and third price auction and the all-pay auction from the expected payment of the bidders. Based on this, it compared the equilibrium bidding strategies in the four auction forms and got some useful conclusions.
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Comparative Analysis of Various SRAM Cells with Low Power, High Read Stability and Low Area
Статья научная
SRAMs are very important part of today's movable devices like laptops and mobile phones. Different SRAM cells of different number of transistors have their own respective advantages and drawbacks. In this work an attempt has been made to reduce the leakage power by adding some transistors. Each SRAM cell provides an efficient way to reduce the leakage power, but disadvantage of each SRAM cell limit the application of them. In this paper, the study and transient analysis on four different SRAM cells has been carried out and compared with respect to various parameters like power dissipation, delay and area. The simulation is carried out in 180nm CMOS technology using tanner tools. Layout is carried out using microwind.
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Comparative Study of Website Sitemap Feature as Design Issue in Various Websites
Статья научная
Websites are very important for communicating organizational aims and goals in this current era of information technology. Different institutions / organizations put lots of efforts to portray complete information on beautifully designed websites. Lot of efforts are required by the designer / concerned organization to design websites according to the different website design standards to provide users with all the facilities of the concerned institutions / organizations online, which act as an online agent through which a user can get his work done without physically visiting the organizations. With this the responsibility of the designer and the concerned institutions / organizations increases manifold so that the websites behavior should remain interactive and quick enough for the user to avail provided facilities of the website comfortably. Sitemap provides with a logical overview of the path through which a user can navigate through a website. Without efficient and user-friendly navigation, the user is likely to get confused, lost, or frustrated and leave the site without getting their work done. Sitemap gives users with the graphical representation of Web pages on a Web Site and also present them with a complete alternative method of navigating the site. Author in this paper developed an online tool using .NET Framework using C# to study webpage sitemap feature as Design issue in various categories of the websites like Government, Commercial, Educational, Social networking and Job portals. The automated tool developed by author function on the basis of the different standards prescribed in W3C WCAG 1.0 guidelines in priority 2 checkpoints 13.3 [5] . the developed tool act like a parser and renders the complete code of the website and produces results by determining the presence of the sitemap facility within the websites for easy content retrieval. The results produced shows that out of the five different categories of websites employed for analysis the commercial websites undertaken follow the maximum standards as far as sitemap parameter is concerned.
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Comparative Study on Temple Structural Element Segmentation using Different Segmentation Techniques
Статья научная
India's Karnataka state is home to a vast treasure trove of artefacts, antiquities, and historic and archaeologically significant monuments. Its culture and tradition are linked. In Karnataka, there are numerous Neolithic and Megalithic structures; these historic buildings from illustrious ruling dynasties have endured for thousands of years. They have miracles of their own in their own style, innate sculpture, architecture, technique, immensity, and enormity. However, modern generation is not ready for mining archaeological knowledge regarding empires or ruling dynasties of these ancient Karnataka temples through the archaeological guidance. Hence, a new approach required to bring this valuable information to the modern generation by a proper platform. In this paper both threshold and regional based segmentation methods are applied in order to segment the structural elements of temple. The analysis of segmented structural elements by applying both methods is done in order to provide comparative study. Comparative study on temple structural element shows that regional segmentation is more accurate than threshold method based on VOE and DSC metrics which are used for evaluating the performance of segmentation methods. Further, more efficient segmentation approaches may be applied to improve the efficiency of segmentation and it may be used for classification of viman styles.
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Comparison and Analysis of Software Vulnerability Databases
Статья научная
In order to protect information systems against threats and vulnerabilities, security breaches should be analyzed. In this case, analysts primarily conduct intelligence research through open source systems. In particular, vulnerability databases stand out as the most preferred references at this stage. At this point, our study will be the main reference for the verification of vulnerability analysis. It will assist in the planning of testing processes, patches and updates in the development of software. Moreover, it will create a perspective in this field, enabling readers to understand the concept of software security and databases. In addition to unique advantages of this diversity, this has also led to some disadvantages. Our study focused on the reasons behind the creation of different databases. In addition, its advantages and disadvantages have been clearly demonstrated. First, the databases used were determined by examining the academic studies in the field of software security vulnerabilities. Twelve different databases used in the literature were identified. However, among these, the ones that are current and accessible to researchers were selected. As a result of this screening process, seven different databases were included in this study. The determined databases were examined in detail and explained. Then, databases were compared according to certain criteria. The data obtained as a result of the comparison are presented in detail. In this study, a systematic review of up-to-date and accessible vulnerability databases that are widely used in the literature is presented to help researchers decide which database to use.
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Статья научная
With the state-space method, many controllers can be designed optimally. LQR and LQG are two of these controllers. These two controllers are covered much in the literature. Despite this, not many works cover the ball-on-sphere system. Therefore, the research designed optimal LQR and LQG controllers for the system of ball-on-sphere and did a comparative analysis between the two. System dynamics were first investigated and the mathematical model was derived. After that, the system was linearized and then the state-space representation was obtained. Using this representation, the two controllers were designed and applied to the system for control. The control was done based on the specified desired system performance. Finally, the controllers' performances were analyzed and compared. Results obtained showed that both controllers met the desired system performance. With θ_x is 87.14% and θ_y is 86.43% less than their respective unregulated settling times, LQR satisfied the at least 80% performance requirement more than LQG. For LQG, θ_x is 82.35% and θ_y is 82.95% less than their respective unregulated settling times. These values are less than that of LQR. It was also observed that minimizing the total control energy leads to maximizing the total transient energy but LQG maximizes the total transient energy more than LQR. Another finding was that all states played role in regulating the controller to the desired system performance. Without regulation, LQG was found to be more efficient than LQR but in general, LQR is more efficient than LQG because, in LQG, settling time (of ball's angles) of less than 1.00 sec could not be realized. LQR is 4.79% and 3.48% more efficient than LQG in x and y directions, respectively, for the ball’s angles settling time. This research is significant because it is the first to design and do a comparative analysis of LQR and LQG controllers for the ball-on-sphere system. Therefore, bridging the existing gap in the literature is the value of this research.
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Comparison of OFDM System in Terms of BER using Different Transform and Channel Coding
Статья научная
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a type of multicarrier modulation technique which is used in wireless communication. OFDM can be used in various wireless and wired application such Digital audio broadcasting, digital video broadcasting & wireless LAN. The Performance of OFDM system depends on various parameters such as using different transform, different modulation and by putting various channel coding. In this paper OFDM system is modeled by using different transform (DWT/FFT), different modulation (BPSK, QPSK, QAM) and different channel coding (Linear / Cyclic block codes) for AWGN channel. The performance parameter is calculated as Bit error rate (BER) for various transform/modulation/channel coding based OFDM systems. MATLAB Simulink tool is used to calculate the bit error rate (BER).
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Статья научная
The determination of strength properties i.e., compressive strength (CS) is essential to estimate the load at which the concrete members may crack especially in aggressive environment. The paper reports an experimental investigation on deterioration of used engine oil (UEO) soaked concrete with respect to its strength properties. Also, it is found that this deteriorating effect is lessened with partial replacement of silica fumes (SF). The CS analysis was done with a water-concrete ratio of 0.49 with nine percentage replacements of SF (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45) with water curing and UEO soaking. The soaking in two different liquids was essential in order to throw light on the detrimental effects of UEO on the CS of concrete. The results of the experiments showed that 20% replacement of SF in concrete was optimum to attain maximum CS. A mathematical model based on Abrams’ law has been developed to evaluate the strength characteristics of concrete subjected to UEO soaking. The developed model facilitates the prediction of CS based on curing time in water and soaking time in UEO and also the quantity of SF used. The accuracy of the developed model is evaluated and good agreements with the ground truth values are found.
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Computational method investigation of solid ducted rocket
Статья научная
The Computation method of Solid Ducted Rocket (SDR) is a complex problem. It needs to effectively solve the two mixing and combustion processes, and is also affected by many factors such as the overall scheme and propellant type. In order to find a suitable method, physical model, simplified hypothesis, control equation, turbulence model, combustion model, etc. were investigated. Subsequently, calculations were carried out based on the Vanka model, and finally the results of pressure, temperature and combustion efficiency were obtained. The results show that the proposed method is practicable, and the accuracy and efficiency are ideal. Combustion efficiency is only 77.4%, and the Vanka model must be further improved by the air and gas intake modes. The results can provide reference for relevant research.
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