International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing @ijem
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing
Все статьи: 544
Статья научная
The inhibition of the corrosion of aluminium by benzaldehyde in 1.4 M HCl was investigated using weight loss method and characterized by FT-IR analysis. The results showed that the corrosion rate of aluminium in 1.4 M HCl decreases with increase in concentration of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases progressively as the concentration of the inhibitor increases. Effects of temperature on the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor showed that inhibition efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. The value of activation energy (Ea) was found to be 20.55 Kjmol-1 for aluminium corrosion in 1.4 M HCl which was increased to 34.49 Kjmol-1 in the presence of 0.1 M inhibitor concentration. The calculated values for enthalpy of activation (ΔHa) were all positive indicating the endothermic nature of the aluminium dissolution process. The obtained values of Gibbs free energy (ΔGads) was in the range of -17.94 to -18.27 kJ mol-1. Kinetics of the reaction in the presence of the inhibitor revealed that it follows a first order reaction. The value of rate constant (k) was reduced from uninhibited acid to the inhibited acid solution, while the half-life values in the presence of the inhibitor were higher compared to the value in uninhibited acid solution suggesting that inhibition efficiency increases with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Virtual reality plays a major role in medicine in the aspect of diagnostics and treatment planning. From the diagnostics perspective, automated methods yields the segmented results into virtual environment which will helps the physician to take accurate decisions on time. Virtual reality of 3D brain tissue segmentation helps to diagnostic the brain related diseases like alzheimer's disease, brain malformations, brain tumors, cerebellar disorders and etc. The work proposed a fully automatic histogram-based self-initializing K-Means (HBSKM) algorithm is performed on compute unified device architecture (CUDA) enabled GPU (QudroK5000) machine to segmenting the human brain tissue. Number of clusters (K) and initial centroids (C) automatically calculated from the mid image from the volume through Gaussian smoothening technique. The experimental dataset was collected from internet brain segmentation repository (IBSR) in segmenting the three major tissues such as grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to experiment the efficiency of the present parallel K-Means algorithm. Computation time is calculated between the homogenous and heterogeneous environment of CPU and GPU for HBSKM algorithm. This proposed work achieved 6× speedup folds while heterogeneous CPU and GPU implementation and 3.5× speedup folds achieved with homogenous GPU implementation. Finally, volume of segmented brain tissue results was presented in virtual 3D and also compared with ground truth results.
Бесплатно
Towards Ambient Assisted Living (AAL): Design of an IoT-based Elderly Activity Monitoring System
Статья научная
This paper presents a design and development of an IoT-based system to real-time track elders' physical activities using accelerometer sensor data. The objective behind conducting such research is to overcome the lack of ability to monitor physical activities. Especially with the development of the socio-economic sector, the number of elders who live in isolated areas such as elderly homes have increased rapidly. In such a case with declining cognitive abilities, the healthcare of these elderly personalities becomes vulnerable. This research project fulfilled the necessity of a system to capture the vital details about those people. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud-based applications have become a significant part of the Information and Technology sector. Realtime monitoring is a concept tightly coupled with IoT cloud cloud-native application for this application is an excellent example of that.Further, the requirement of a low-cost system was fulfilled by using hardware components such as NodeMCU and accelerometer sensors. The designed and developed system is composed of a cost-effective wrist-worn device capable of capturing hand movement on three different arises. Hence, the detected signals are transmitted to a master node to process and recognize the activity according to the detected signal. Another significant aspect of the project is using machine learning techniques to recognize the four different activities such as walking, sitting, sleeping, and standing. The use of supervised machine learning techniques is evaluated to overcome the barriers of real-time activity recognition. Further different supervised machine learning algorithms were used and evaluated, which were extracted from existing literature. The project was conducted while accomplishing the machine learning life cycle stages, and it has significantly benefitted from generating highly accurate final results for the overall system. Further different supervised machine learning algorithms were used and evaluated, which were extracted from existing literature. The supervised machine learning algorithm Decision Tree Classifier used for this study. Using the Decision Classifier Tree algorithm succeeded in gaining more than 80% of model accuracy. Since the research topic comes under a classification type-oriented problem, the testing process of the model has been done using the confusion matrix for the trained model.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
As one of the countries situated in the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Philippines suffers from an inexhaustible number of natural disasters every year. One of the most destructible ones is the occurrence of earthquakes. Because of the high damage that earthquakes incur, along with their inevitability and unpredictability, developing effective methods of earthquake damage mitigation as well as disaster preparedness is imperative to lessen the negative impacts it is capable of producing in communities. One efficient way of doing this is by implementing an earthquake early warning (EEW) system that is capable of sending message alerts to receivers to warn them in the event of a hazardous earthquake. With this objective, this study centers on creating an earthquake detector with SMS messaging to function as an EEW system with an added advantage of being low-cost to make it more accessible to the public. Using electronic components based on an Arduino Mega 2560 and a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) module, the earthquake detector and its alert message system were created. A series of tests in different locations across Butuan City was then performed to assess the device’s accuracy in measuring different Intensity levels when subjected to surface vibrations. Comparative analysis showed that its recorded values. Corresponded with the values obtained from accelerometer-based mobile applications. In conclusion, the study was deemed functional in its ability to detect low and high surface vibrations, which proves that it is successful in detecting earthquake tremors and vibrations in the event of an earthquake.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The main focuses are to design controlling systems of good disturbance, stability rejection, and small error-tracking. Trajectory tracking of robot manipulators are controlled by several methodologies, but when robot manipulator works with uncertain dynamic models, some limitations of this technique appear. Concerning the control perspective, such uncertainty can be divided into two groups: the unstructured inputs (e.g. disturbance effect) and the structure dynamics (e.g. the changes of parameter). Within a small number of applications, some environments, could be unknown or unstructured, make use of robot manipulators, along with some tools of strong mechanics also can make use of new methods of control to design a controller of nonlinear robust with a reasonable performance. So in this paper we test the effect of disturbance in control the first DOF of PUMA 560 using non model based FO-Fuzzy-PID controller and compared its results with two model based controllers (CTC, ANN). Also we study the effect of change of inertias parameters in the 2 cases Model based control and non- Model based control and then discus which controller give the best results. The main objective of this paper is that the non model based FO-Fuzzy-PID is able to emulate the manipulator dynamic behaviour without the need to have a complex nonlinear mathematical model for the robot.
Бесплатно
Transabdominal and Laparoscopic Myomectomy Comparative Analysis of 566 Cases
Статья научная
The purpose of our study here is introducing curative effect by comparing and analyzing abdominal type myomectomy and laparoscopic myomectomy. We have compared and analyzed 301 cases of abdominal type myomectomy and 265 cases of laparoscopic myomectomy which were in our hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. The study shows that the time of abdominal type myomectomy is 87.18±36.80 minutes, and the time of laparoscopic myomectomy is 81.56±30.71 minutes. There isn’t obvious difference between these two kinds of surgeries. The hemorrhagic volume in abdominal type myomectomy is 106.86±32.65 ml and the hemorrhagic volume in laparoscopic myomectomy is 85.23±30.37 ml. The hemorrhagic volume difference in these two kinds of surgeries is very important from the point of view of statistics (P<0.01). The average days which used to restore in abdominal type myomectomy is 2.85±1.73, and the average days which used to restore in laparoscopic myomectomy is 5.81±1.47. And the difference is also very important (P<0.01). We have concluded that the laparoscopic myomectomy has such advantages as small hurt, rapid restoration and no incision. On the other hand, the hemorrhagic volume is very low and the restoration-days are very low.
Бесплатно
Transfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat Pipes
Статья научная
In this paper, a simulation of three kinds of micro-groove plate heat pipes- rectangular; trapezoidal and triangular, is conducted by thermal analysis software ANSYS. Through comparing with the focal point temperature value of the surfaces of micro-groove plate heat pipes, respectively being 30W; 40W; 50W, the result is obtained that trapezoidal plate heat piper has more excellent performance.
Бесплатно
Transfer Learning based Breast Cancer Classification via Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Статья научная
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women, and the subjectivity of human visual perception and lack of automated detection methods can lead to misclassification of breast cancer images. In this study, a breast cancer classification model using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning algorithm was proposed. The model demonstrated high accuracy in classifying breast images as benign or malignant, with a classification accuracy of 97.1%. The model was also able to run on low computational resources. The study used a dataset of 2009 breast images labeled by two radiologists and included six scenarios based on different hyperparameters, augmentation values, pretrained models, and models built from scratch. While the performance of the proposed model was promising, further improvement may be achieved by using a larger breast image dataset and a machine with more powerful GPU hardware.
Бесплатно
Transfer Learning with EfficientNetV2 for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Статья научная
This paper investigates the application of EfficientNetV2, an advanced variant of EfficientNet, in diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection, a critical area in medical image analysis. Despite the extensive use of deep learning models in this domain, EfficientNetV2’s potential remains largely unexplored. The study conducts comprehensive experiments, comparing EfficientNetV2 with established models like AlexNet, GoogleNet, and various ResNet architectures. A dataset of 3662 images was used to train the models. Results indicate that EfficientNetV2 achieves competitive performance, particularly excelling in sensitivity, a crucial metric in medical image classification. With a high area under the curve (AUC) value of 98.16%, EfficientNetV2 demonstrates robust discriminatory ability. These findings underscore its potential as an effective tool for DR diagnosis, suggesting broader applicability in medical image analysis. Moreover, EfficientNetV2 contains more layers than AlexNet, GoogleNet, and ResNet architecture, which makes EfficientNetV2 the superior deep learning model for DR detection. Future research could focus on optimizing the model for specific clinical contexts and validating its real-world effectiveness through large-scale clinical trials.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
When we are translating SQL into relational algebra, we need a simple but flexible form to represent the data structure involved. As an interim result of the calculation, relational algebra tree combined with object-oriented model can gives us simple, intuitive notation allowing the query to be efficiently expressed and implemented at amazing ease.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Comparative study of cryptography and steganography techniques shows that they have some strong and weak points when they used alone. But as we know from soft computing techniques (neural, genetic, and fuzzy computing), that when combining (hybridizing), more than one techniques, by the suitable way to do a job, the outcome will be a better technique with more strong points and less weak points. Work of this paper represents an attempt to prove that combining cryptography with steganography techniques will result in hard transmitting system to break and thus enforcing security issues of secret text data transmitting over public channels. Matlab programs are written to encrypt plain text secret information following AES encrypt/decrypt algorithm with a key of 128 bits long and then hide/extract the text according to LSB insertion method with a key of 128 bits long too. System tests show that both techniques enforce each other and private data transmitting become more secure.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
A major challenge today in communication and over various communications medium is the wanton havoc wreaked by attackers as they continue to eavesdrop and intrude. Young and inexperienced academia are today faced with the challenge of journal houses to send cum have their articles published. The negative impact thus, of predatory and hijacked journals cannot be over-emphasized as adversaries use carefully crafted, social engineering (phishing attack) skills – to exploit unsuspecting and inexperienced academia usually for personals gains. These attacks re-direct victims to fake pages. The significance of the study is to advance a standard scheme/techniques employed by phished (predatory/hijacked) journals to scam young academia and inexperienced researchers in their quest for visibility in highly impactful indexed journals. Thus, our study advances a decision-tree algorithm that educates users by showing various indicators cum techniques advanced by predatory and hijacked journals. We explore journal phishing attacks employed by such journals, targeted at young academia to adequately differentiate also using web-page ranking. Results show the classification algorithm can effectively detect 95-percent accuracy of journal phishing based on journal metric indicators and website ranks.
Бесплатно
Unilateral vital signs monitoring systems on IoT
Статья научная
With the consistent development of remote sensor systems and Internet of Things (IoT) different parts of life will benefit. IoT based pervasive human services framework can possibly give blunder free restorative information and alarming system in basic conditions with constant checking. The device will minimize the need of devoted medicinal staff for patient checking and help the ailing to lead an ordinary life other than furnishing them with great restorative medical aid. This paper presents the working model which fuses sensors to gauge parameters like body temperature, blood pressure level & pulse. A microcontroller board is utilized for examining the inputs from the patient. Additionally all the procedure parameters inside of an interim selectable by the patient are monitored. This is extremely valuable for future examination and survey of feeble wellbeing condition. For more flexible restorative applications, this venture can be extemporized, by consolidating continuous parameter observing parameters respiratory thoracic extension belt sensors and annunciation frameworks, in this manner making it valuable in clinics as an exceptionally effective and committed aid consideration unit.
Бесплатно
Variational Iteration Method for Solving Differential Equations with Piecewise Constant Arguments
Статья научная
In this paper, variational iteration method is applied for finding the solution of differential equations with piecewise constant arguments. A correction functional is constructed by a general Lagrange multiplier, which can be identified by variational theory. This technique provides a sequence of functions which converges to the exact solution of the problem without discretization of the variables. The flexibility and adaptation provided by the method have been verified by an example.
Бесплатно
Vehicle Object Tracking Based on Fusing of Deep learning and Re-Identification
Статья научная
Object tracking is a popular problem for automatic surveillance systems as well as for the research community. The requirement of an object tracking problem is to predict the output including the object position at the current frame based on the input the position of the object at the previous frame. To present the comparison and experiment of some object tracking methods based on deep learning and suggestions for improvement between them in this paper, we had taken some important steps to conduct this research. First, we find out the studies related to deep learning-based object tracking models. Secondly, we examined image and video data sets for verification purposes. Thirdly, to evaluate the results obtained from existing models, we experimented with a little work related to object tracking based on deep learning networks. Fourth, based on the implemented object tracking models, we had proposed a combination of these methods. And finally, we summarize and give the evaluations for each object tracking model from the results obtained. The results show that object tracking based on Siammask model has the highest results TO score of 0.961356383 on VOT dataset and 0.969301864 on UAV123 dataset, but the possibility of errors is also high. Although the result of the combined method has few scores those are lower than the object tracking based on Siammask model, the combined method is more stable than the object tracking based on Siammask model when TME score of 16.29691993 on VOT dataset and 10.16578548 on UAV123 dataset. The Vehicle ReIdentification method results have scores that are not too overwhelming. However, the TME score is the highest with the TME score of 11.55716097 on the VOT dataset and 4.576163526 on the UAV123 dataset.
Бесплатно
Virtual Prototype Technology of Product Which Based on Computer
Статья научная
In this paper, we have mainly analyzed the relationship between virtual prototype and concurrent design. Then we have concluded the model of virtual prototype and simulation method which based on field object. On the other hand, we have introduced the key technology which supports virtual prototype’s integration framework.
Бесплатно
Voice Pathology Identification: A Survey on Voice Disorder
Статья научная
Nowadays, Identification and Classification of voice pathology plays a major role in the field of speech processing. This paper explores and compares various things like input database, parameters, features extraction techniques, methodology and classification techniques used by the researchers in the problem of identifying the voice pathology. In this paper, we compared seven research works done in the field of voice pathology identification and classification. By analyzing the data's mentioned in these research papers and by considering these research papers as a base study, we wish to do the further research on voice pathology identification.
Бесплатно
Walking mobile robot of arbitrary orientation
Статья научная
The article describes the device and the mathematical model of a walking mobile robot of a fundamentally new construction. The difference between this technical solution is the ability to move the robot on surfaces of arbitrary orientation in different coordinate systems: rectangular Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical. In the proposed design, the walking robot mechanism is made in the form of flexible pedipulators and allows the mobile to perform transitions on surfaces that have an arbitrary orientation at different angles to the horizon. The technique for calculating the construction parameters of the walking robot mechanism and the trajectories of the robot legs bending is given. This walking robot is designed to perform technological operations in extreme conditions.
Бесплатно
Web-Based Two-Way Electricity Monitoring System for Remote Solar Mini-Grids
Статья научная
Electricity usage monitoring systems play a vital role towards raising energy utilization awareness for consumers. Existing solar mini-grid infrastructure, however, lacks a user-friendly two-way platform to allow consumers to access information about electricity consumption. This paper proposes a cloud-based, two-way energy usage monitoring system that will allow both utility companies and consumers to access energy consumption data in a user-friendly way through a web platform. The system requirements were collected via questionnaires, interviews, and observations conducted at two solar mini-grids centres located at Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions in Tanzania. The system uses a Low Power Area Network (LPWAN) and the existing GPRS network to monitor electricity consumption data between smart meter units and the cloud server. Also, a virtual bill payment module and usage status feedback functionality have been integrated into the system to increase awareness of the cost-effective use of electricity and hence, achieve the sustainability of solar mini-grids. By using both white-box and black-box system testing approaches, findings show that the system will not only raise awareness among customers about the economical usage of electricity, but it can also be used by mini-grid companies as a source of data to determine current and future energy demands to minimize large investment costs.
Бесплатно
WiFi Based Indoor Navigation System for Closed Buildings Using Smart Phones
Статья научная
The easy access and availability of wireless technologies and mobile computing and the internet have led to new opportunities in developing mobile applications whose purpose is to make people’s life easier. Nowadays, a person can possess more than one mobile device intended for different usage such as communication, entertainment, office work. This GPS (Global Positioning System) is one of the equipment that helps to find the way to reach the destination from the source. The use of GPS as a tool to determine the location of course has a shortage when used indoors such as Shopping Malls, Hotels, College, etc. Our project is a small attempt towards an affordable and efficient indoor navigation system in which users need to turn on mobile Wi-Fi and scan the available Wi-Fi network and its strength. If the WiFi with maximum strength is found then application will show the current location then the user can select the destination from the available options. Due to this application will show the path to the user in form of text also the application can speak the path to the selected destination
Бесплатно
