- Все статьи 611
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business
Все статьи: 611
SourceViz: A Tool for Supporting Software Metrics Visualization
Статья научная
Maintaining and understanding large software systems is a complex and time consuming process. Understanding the internal structure of such systems is not an easy task due to the invisible nature of software. Source Code Visualization, i.e. measuring the code metrics and then visualizing them, provides an efficient solution to this problem. There are many tools available which gives an insight to the internal structure of the software. But all of them don't provide visualizations of hierarchical relationships and code complexity of the source code. In this paper, we present a tool named "SourceViz". This application computes different software metrics, code complexity, class-relations and then visualizes the calculated metrics in different metaphors. This visual analysis assists the project managers and software developers in understanding the static structure of the software by presenting project-level as well as class-level view.
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Spatio-temporal Dynamic Evolution and Inhibiting Factor Analysis of TFEE in the CCTC Economic Circle
Статья научная
Accounting for 30.8% of the total economic volume of the western region by 2021, the "fourth pole" of China's economic development is progressively being established as the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city(CCTC) Zone. Therefore, increasing Total Factor Energy Efficiency (TFEE) and reducing the disparities in energy efficiency amongst cities in the area are important for the economic development of the CCTC Economic Zone. Accordingly, this study employs an output-oriented, super-efficient DEA model with constant returns to scale to measure the total factor energy efficiency of 16 prefecture-level cities in the CCTC economic circle from 2006 to 2020. It also examines the spatial distribution and variation patterns of each city's prefecture-level total factor energy efficiency. Then, spatial autocorrelation and random forest were used to explore the interrelationship among the indicators of the drivers, and the variables were screened according to Gini importance, finally, PCA-GWR models and spatial panel regression models were constructed to dissect the key drivers. The empirical findings indicate that: (1) the average energy efficiency of Chongqing and Chengdu is only 0.708 and 0.788, and the overall efficiency shows a steady increase from 2009 to 2018. (2) The spatial distribution is mainly as follows: H-H agglomerations are distributed in the northeastern cities of the CCTC Economic Zone, L-L agglomerations are distributed in the south, H-L agglomerations and L-H agglomerations are distributed in the north-central part of Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone. (3) Industrial structure, population structure, and governmental behavior have significant effects on energy efficiency, with a population mortality rate as the inhibiting factor and the proportion of tertiary industry and policy behavior as the contributing factors. Based on the empirical findings, it is recommended to accelerate the industrial structure adjustment, implement the CCTC economic circle's core cities' target of energy-saving, and build a "community" bridge to improve energy efficiency and promote economic development.
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Статья научная
Spectrum sensing is an important task in cognitive radio (CR). Matched filter technique one of the techniques employed for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio which faces the challenge of low frequency offset tolerance in very low SNR environments. Hybrid matched filter architecture is used to improve this frequency offset tolerance. But, overall even such kind of architecture results in coarse detection. In very low SNR environments, where primary user is highly mobile, the multipath profile results in unknown phase of signal. Such kind of signal cannot even be detected by Hybrid Matched Filter. In this paper we propose combination of Hybrid Matched Filter and Single Cycle Cyclostationary Feature Detector to enhance the detection of such architecture. This results in both high frequency offset tolerance as well as fine detection of signal with unknown phase in very low SNR environments. Simulation results show significant improvement in the probability of detection and false alarm of the proposed scheme over Hybrid Matched Filter.
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Speech Compression Based on Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform
Статья научная
This paper presents a new lossy compression algorithm for stationary signal based on Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform (DWHT). The principle of compression algorithm consists in framing the original speech signal into stationary frames and applying the DWHT. Then, the obtained coefficients are thresholded in order to truncate all coefficients below a given thresholds values. Compression is achieved by efficient encoding of the string values of zeros. A comparative study of performance between the algorithms based on DWHT and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is performed in terms of some objective criteria: compression ratio (CR), signal to noise ratio, peak signal to noise ratio (SNR), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and CPU time. The simulation results show that the algorithm based on DWHT is characterized by a very low complexity implementation and improved CR, SNR, PSNR and NRMSE compared to the DWT algorithm and this for stationary frame.
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Spelling Error Patterns in Typed Yorùbá Text Documents
Статья научная
While writing in most of the world’s major languages have a long history, Yorùbá is a relatively young language as far as writing it down is concerned. It is therefore an under-resourced language as far as tools for processing it in digital format is concerned. Spell checking is one of these tools. An analysis of the spelling error pattern is fundamental to the task of producing a good spell checker. We addressed this challenge in this article and our findings showed that spelling error pattern in Yorùbá followed that of other languages in general. There were, however, obvious departure from the norms in the specific. Diacritic-related misspelling accounted for more than 80% of all errors and words with single edit error were less than the generally expected minimum threshold of 80%. In addition, most of the errors were vowel-related with consonants accounting for less than 15% of all errors. Word-length does not seem to have any direct bearing on number of errors in a word. The research showed that the impact of diacritics on spelling error is more in Yorùbá where diacritics are majorly used for tone marking where it accounts for more than 80% of spelling errors than in languages like Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish where diacritics are used for differentiating characters where spelling error due to diacritics covered less than 60% of all errors. We thus conclude that while, to a significant extent, the character set used in a language determines distribution of spelling error, the purpose to which diacritics is employed in language also affect the distribution of spelling error in a language.
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State Of The Art: A Study of Human-Robot Interaction in Healthcare
Статья научная
In general, the applications of robots have shifted rapidly from industrial uses to social uses. This provides robots with the ability to naturally interact with human beings and socially fit into the human environment. The deployment of social robots in the healthcare system is becoming extensive as a result of the shortage of healthcare professionals, rising costs of healthcare and the exponential growth in the number of vulnerable populations such as the sick, the aged and children with developmental disabilities. Consequently, social robots are used in healthcare for providing health education and entertainment for patients in the hospital and for providing aids for the sick and aged. They are also used for dispensing drugs and providing rehabilitation as well as emotional and aging care. Hence, social robots improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. The interaction between social robots and human beings is known as human-robot interaction. Human-robot interaction in healthcare is faced with numerous challenges such as the fear of displacement of caregivers by robots, safety, usefulness, acceptability as well as appropriateness. These challenges ultimately lead to a low rate of acceptance of the robotic technology. Consequently, this paper extensively appraises human-robot interaction in healthcare, their applications and challenges. Design, ethical and usability issues such as privacy, trust, safety, users' attitude, culture, robot morphology as well as emotions and deception arising from the interaction between humans and robots in healthcare are also reviewed in this paper.
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Statistical Analysis of Resulting Palm vein Image through Enhancement Operations
Статья научная
Nowadays biometric is playing a key role in the field of forensic and commercial applications. The vein biometrics is a robust biometric in recent trends.The vein pattern is very difficult to forge or fake. The traits are not going to be changed from birth to death. This paper discusses image enhancement operations and its result when applied on multispectral palm vein image. The image enhancement operations are much helpful to extract the vein patternas features.The experiments can be used to highlight or trace a vein pattern lies at palm region of hand. The proposed work gains vein pattern and considered as the stepping stone towards feature extraction. The paperalso discusses the comparison of statistical properties such as mean, standard deviation and coefficient of original image and images resulting out through enhancement operations. The enhancement operation is a key to gain the vein pattern. The image analysis can be framed well usingstatistical image measurements.
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Statistical analysis on result prediction in chess
Статья научная
In this paper, authors have proposed a technique which uses the existing database of chess games and machine learning algorithms to predict the game results. Authors have also developed various relationships among different combinations of attributes like half-moves, move sequence, chess engine evaluated score, opening sequence and the game result. The database of 10,000 actual chess games, imported and processed using Shane’s Chess Information Database (SCID), is annotated with evaluation score for each half-move using Stockfish chess engine running constantly on depth 17. This provided us with a total of 8,40,289 board evaluations. The idea is to make the Multi-Variate Linear Regression algorithm learn from these evaluation scores for same sequence of opening moves and game outcome, then using it to calculate the winning score of a side for each possible move and thus suggesting the move with highest score. The output is also tested with including move details. Game attributes are also classified into classes. Using Naïve Bayes classification, the data result is classified into three classes namely move preferable to white, black or a tie and then the data is validated on 20% of the dataset to determine accuracies for different combinations of considered attributes.
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Study of Response Time in Cloud Computing
Статья научная
Performance of a cloud is a critical issue and dependent on various factors that include load balancing used to distribute the load at data center. Proliferation of the cloud paradigm is profoundly dependent on the performance of the cloud. Therefore, to examine the cloud performance, it is significant to identify the factors that govern cloud performance. This work is focused to identify the factors that may have significant impact on the cloud performance. To identify the performance factors, we have reviewed the major publications of the last five years as well as the major real time cloud performance tools offered. Study revealed that response time is the major factor that has the significant impact on cloud computing performance. Finally, we have conducted an experiment to establish the dependency of response time on various load balancing techniques and number of data center. Experiment revealed that the round robin is directly proportional to the number of data center
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Study of Some Properties of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Matrix
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to consider the notions of intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrices(IFSM) and to study some basic results associated with such matrices. This work deals particularly with the definition and some properties of transpose of intuitionistic fuzzy soft matrices. In the process, symmetric intuitionistic fuzzy matrix is also defined and some properties are discussed. Numerical examples are provided to make the concept clear.
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Supplier Selection in Dynamic Environment using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Статья научная
In today’s highly competitive business environment, the rapidly changing customer demands and with the advent of enterprise wide information systems, the managers are bound to think beyond the conventional business processes and devise new ways to squeeze out costs and improve the performance without compromising on the quality at the same time. Supplier evaluation and selection is one such area which determines the success of any manufacturing firm. Supplier selection is the problem wherein the company decides which vendor to select to have that strategic and operational advantage of meeting the customers’ varying demands and fight the fierce competition. This paper presents a simple model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to help decision makers in supplier evaluation and selection, taking into account the firm’s requirements. The article is intended to help new scholars and researchers understand the AHP model and see different facets in first sight.
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Survey of cellular signal booster
Статья научная
The development of wireless technology has facilitated the wide deployment of mobile communication systems. The beauty of wireless communication is that all nooks and corners can be reached at a cheaper and faster rate when compared with wireline. Wireless is now dominating the telecommunications market. Initially, the dawn of wireless was seen as the dawn of communications to poor countries and rural areas which were poorly covered by wireline devices due to high cost. Currently, the story has changed. Both the wired and unwired environments are clamoring for wireless connectivity. Considering the hype of R&D in broadband technologies and easy acceptance in the market place, wireline communications may soon die a natural death. However, wireless communications faces a few challenges. One of them is that the radio frequency (RF) carrier signals used in these communication systems degrades as it travels through the air interface due to attenuation and interference. As a result, the range of coverage may not be as planned leading to very weak reception or even dead zones where no communication can be done. This problem has resulted in the development of cellular signal boosters that help in receiving the weak signal, amplifying and then re-transmitting it to reach the uncovered areas. Boosters are now giving hope to the frustrated wireless users such as indoor users and those at the fringes of a cell site. These boosters are diverse in make, range, method of operation, deployment and cost. In this paper, a survey of various signal booster designs, deployment and performance is presented. It is hoped that this will serve as a one-stop shop for researchers and developers in the important field of wireless signal boosters and extenders, who wish to know what is available and existing challenges.
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Survey on personalized web recommender system
Статья научная
Recommendation system plays an essential role in searching any information from World Wide Web. Recommender system handles Information straining problem and improve customer correlation by providing best services. It suggests items or services to users according to their interest, navigation behavior or demographic information. This paper performs a survey on different approaches available for recommender system and performs a comparative analysis of different algorithms. Further, a discussion about various application areas has been done. At the end, issues and challenges in recommender systems have been discussed.
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Sustainable E-waste Management at Higher Education Institutions’ Data Centres in Zimbabwe
Статья научная
The study’s objective was to examine the management of data centre electronic waste (e-waste) by Zimbabwean universities to ensure environmental sustainability and reduce the epidemiological effect of indiscriminate disposal of e-waste. The 21st century has seen universities adopting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to automate processes and support technology-based learning, raising demands for data centre infrastructure to run applications and store data. In developing countries, obsolete ICT equipment is indiscriminately discarded with municipal waste into landfills and often scavenged to extract valuable metals using rudimentary methods such as heating, burning, and leaching, causing environmental and epidemiological crises. E-waste is the fastest growing stream of solid waste that contains scarce rare earth minerals and toxic elements, presenting an opportunity and a crisis during disposal. The study utilised the descriptive study design through a quantitative questionnaire to collect data from ICT Directors and Managers from Zimbabwean universities. Results show that a fifth of the participants had operational procedures for handling e-waste. A tenth of the participants knew of the existence of national policies. Obsolete equipment was kept in storerooms, while some were discarded with municipal trash. Most respondents were aware of the effect of e-waste, which is attributed to responsible management. Most participants redeployed decommissioned data centre equipment to less intense processing environments; 28% had labelled bins and designated e-waste collection points. In reducing their carbon footprint, three-quarters of the participants virtualised servers and stored data on the cloud, and 10% of the institutions practised take-back schemes and located data centres onsite. Universities should legislate the management of data centres to control carbon emissions, energy and e-waste and contribute to green initiatives. Partnerships with developed countries for data centre design and high-end recycling should be encouraged, thus creating employment, generating income for institutions and reducing the epidemiological effects.
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Systematic Analysis of Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality
Статья научная
Nowadays, users are moving from old 2D screens to modern devices such as 3D screens and virtual reality devices to enjoy videos and games like real-world experience, and this demand increased further development. Virtual Reality (VR) is based on the creation of a simulated environment of real-world with computer creation, and Augmented Reality (AR) is based on the addition of simulation components (environment) in the real-world scene. In this paper, systematic analysis of relationships and features both VR and AR varies by outline, arrangement, administrations, and devices for associations and clients. This paper provides a difference between AR and VR, advantages, future, and open research issues.
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Technical Study on Low Power VLSI methods
Статья научная
In recent days every application must need power management. In this paper we presented a various techniques to handle the power management in IC. Power dissipation in a IC is base on power used by the IC and also by heat dissipation. To reduce energy use or to minimize heat dissipation some of the techniques are briefly discussed in this paper. Power management is becoming an increasingly urgent problem for almost every category of design and application, as power density, measured in watts per square millimeter, rises at an alarming rate. Power needs to be considered at the very early stages of a design, when the opportunity to save power is at a maximum. At the same time, making a design extremely power efficient results in trading off area and/or timing. For a Integrated Circuit (IC) perspective, effective energy management for a SoC (System-on-a-chip) must be built into the design starting at the architecture stage; and low-power techniques need to be employed at every stage of the design, from RTL (Register Transfer Level) to GDSII. This paper explains about the combination of techniques used for low power approach in integrated circuits (IC) or Chip
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Technical issues in E-governance initiatives in Satara district in Maharashtra state (India)
Статья научная
Maharashtra is one of the biggest states in India. The state as well as the central government is spending millions of rupees for providing the online services. However, their efforts and large investments result into launching various e-governance projects in the country. Common Service Centre, Public Distribution System and Land Record System, three projects are very important as citizen’s centric services concern. These projects are implemented by the state government through their subsidiary offices. Collector office is one of them. At the district level, Collector office is responsible for implementing and smoothly running of the e-governance projects. A rapid change in the technology is forcing new changes to be accepted in the e-governance domain. Considering these changes, government is slow in redefining the Government Process Reengineering, citizens’ relation, employee relationship. There are a lot of issues arise at the ground level in the implementation of the projects. Issues can be categorized as technical, administrative, financial, managerial etc. This research paper focuses on technical development and technical issues found in Satara district at the ground level while developing, implementing, delivering the services to the citizens, business and government and sustaining the projects.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the technologies to ensure the sustainability of information security in the formation of the digital economy and their prospects. It has been shown that the digital transformation of the economy and society is a priority for the advanced countries of the world. It was argued that the safe and sustainable formation of an intellectual society and economy based on new information, knowledge and technology is one of the main goals. The features of the transition from an industrial economy to a new ICT-based information economy were analyzed. The issues of digital transformation of real economic sectors were considered. It was noted that ensuring the development of the modern economy on the basis of digital technologies, the development of high-tech sectors is one of the main goals. Potential areas for digitization of the economy have been identified. The economic features of the main technologies that shape the digital economy have been studied. The stages of analysis of the secure development of the digital economy sectors have been developed. Many concepts of the digital economy are systematized and approaches to its features are explained. Forecast options for the impact of the digital economy on GDP in the countries of the world are given. Mechanisms to ensure economic security, investment forecasts made by different countries to ensure economic cybersecurity are given. Research on the level of economic security and the main threats to the economy was analyzed. The main directions of security of the national economy and the main factors affecting the economic security of the country have been identified. Current approaches to economic security are summarized. The main types of economic security are given and a system of indicators is defined. The structural elements of the system of indicators for the analysis of economic security are proposed. System indicators have been developed to analyze the sustainability of economic security. Criteria for assessing the sustainability of regional economic security have been proposed. The assessment of the cybercrime market in the world is one of the most important issues and the most common types of cyber attacks are shown. An analysis of the state of growth in the field of cyberattacks in different years and the main stages of the evolution of cybersecurity are described. Proposals and recommendations have been developed in accordance with the experience of advanced countries on intelligent cybersecurity technologies.
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Technology Forecasting: A Case Study of Software Technology Product Families
Статья научная
With increasing use of computers, information and communication technologies, some software technologies products become part of everyday life. Many reports shows that use of desktop and mobile operating systems, search engines, web browsers, web servers and programming languages are increasing rapidly. This paper focuses on forecasting growth pattern of selected software technology product families using market share as indicator. Results of four growth curve methods namely Logistic, Gompertz, Log Logistic and Mono-Molecular are compared using MAD and RMSE error measures. For the period under consideration, majority software product families follow increasing / decreasing growth pattern. Results indicate that industry of respective technology product remain dominated by few providers for year 2025. Monopoly or oligopoly market structure will lead to long increasing period for the top providers.
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Test Cases Reduction and Selection Optimization in Testing Web Services
Статья научная
Software testing in web services environment faces different challenges in comparison with testing in traditional software environments. Regression testing activities are triggered based on software changes or evolutions. In web services, evolution is not a choice for service clients. They have always to use the current updated version of the software. In addition test execution or invocation is expensive in web services and hence providing algorithms to optimize test case generation and execution is vital. In this environment, we proposed several approach for test cases' selection in web services' regression testing. Testing in this new environment should evolve to be included part of the service contract. Service providers should provide data or usage sessions that can help service clients reduce testing expenses through optimizing the selected and executed test cases.
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