Межпредметность в школьном образовании: исторический аспект и стратегии реализации в настоящем

The problem of interdisciplinarity in the domestic school education, its historical aspect and relevance in the present is considered. The increase in the tendencies towards the integration of subjects in modern education in connection with the need to solve the tasks of the state educational policy is emphasized. This concerns, firstly, the requirements for students to achieve the metadisciplinary results of the curricula; secondly, changing the learning strategy of “ready knowledge” to a competence-based model of learning; thirdly, a decrease in the level of “subject-centricity” in school curricula. The concepts of “interdisciplinarity”, “superdisciplinarity”, “metadisciplinarity” are considered. As a pedagogical problem, the authors of this article consider the question that students show a low level of knowledge of universal educational activities (to generalize, to compare, to analyze, to draw independent conclusions, etc.). On the other hand, the low readiness of the majority of teachers to work in the interdisciplinary field of the educational process, due to the lack of effective didactic tools and the corresponding time of the program materials is recorded. As options for solving these problems, the authors of the article suggest several strategies for implementing the interdisciplinary approach. The novelty of the idea is that the strategies are developed in the context of a competence approach.