Road design and landscape in mountainous areas

The mountainous relief is characterized by a significant difference in elevation on a short distance, steep mountain slopes, deep meandering river valleys. The geological structure of mountainous areas sometimes changes dramatically in small areas. Mountain slopes are often unstable, and road construction can upset their balance, cause landslides and collapse, and intensify landslides and debris. Special measures are required to protect structures from erosion and destruction The difficulties of carrying out construction work on mountain slopes, their high cost require consideration of a number of route placement options to find the most optimal solution. During the construction of mountain roads, the route usually has to be laid not directly over solid rocks, but along the clayey or unconsolidated weathering products of these rocks covering them. These can be eluvial deposits that remained at the site of their formation, or deluvial-to-alluvial deposits from displaced weathering products. Reinforced walls, buttresses and other structures in mountainous areas or in the strengthening of the slopes of the ground canopy should be built on the basis of individual projects