The importance of mineral raw material resources in the organization and placement of industrial sectors in the Republic of Karakalpakstan

It is well known that natural conditions and resources on Earth are not distributed equally. This situation increases the scientific and practical significance of the science of geography and is an important factor in the economic development of all countries and determines their regional division of labor. Therefore, natural conditions and resources play an important role in the sustainable development of industrial sectors of any country, its modernization and the regional organization of productive forces. Territorial organization of industries and their rational location will create the basis for improving the living conditions of the population in the future. It was noted that the socioeconomic development of any country or region depends on a number of factors, in particular, the importance of the region's mineral raw resources. The specificity of the effective use of such existing factors requires its scientific research.

The main purpose of the work is the territorial organization of industrial sectors of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and its task is to assess the resource factor of available mineral resources in the region in the development and organization of industrial sectors.

In this regard, the Republic of Karakalpakstan is located in the far northwestern part of Uzbekistan, relatively far from its industrial centers, with an area of 166.6 thousand km2 and a population of 1898,3 thousand people (01.01.2020). The labor force is 1065,5 thousand people, the economically active population is 782,1 thousand people and the employed population is 711,2 thousand people. These data require the creation of new jobs to ensure employment in the country. It was noted that the mineral resources in the country are sufficient for this. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically and theoretically substantiate the relationship between the mineral resources of the region, the population (as labor resources and consumers) and factors of production, based on the effective experience of advanced research centers around the world. Despite the fact that Karakalpakstan covers 37,1% of the country's territory and 5,6% of the population, it accounts for 2,0% of consumer goods and 3,9% of industrial production (2019). In 2010, the figure was 1,8% in both sectors. It is known that in recent years in the Republic of Karakalpakstan there has been an increase in industrial production, but its level of economic development is much lower than the average economic performance of the country. Therefore, bringing the gross regional product to the level of the population will help to overcome a number of socio-economic problems in Karakalpakstan. Mineral resources are a key factor in the development of the region's industries.

On the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, rich deposits of astrakhanite, basalt, bentonite, vermiculite, glaucanite, kaolin, quartz sand, quartzite, marl, mirabilite, phosphorite and other minerals have been identified. The fact that most of these deposits are located around the transport networks of Nukus-Tashkent, Kungrad-Beynov and Nukus-Chimbay creates economic convenience, which in the future will determine the possibility of building industrial enterprises for their processing in cities located near these roads. Basically, these resources play an important role in the creation and development of industrial enterprises for the production of mineral fertilizers for construction and agriculture in the region.

Mineral raw materials mirabilite are available at the Tumryuk-1 and Tumryuk-2 deposits along the Kungrad-Beynov railway and highway in Kungrad district. Its reserves amount to 6195,8 thousand tons. Beshtube (17089 tons), Kushkonottov (2723 tons) and Khojakul (11562 tons) bentonite deposits have been identified. Vermiculite at the Tebinbulak deposit in the Sultan Uvayis Mountains has reserves of category A B C1 – 1360,2 thousand tons, category C2 – 717,2 thousand tons. Astrakhanite is found in the Akkala deposits (46,051 thousand tons, thickness 1.6 m) and Kushkonottov (408,370 thousand tons, thickness 5 m). Glauconite reserves amount to 50 million tons in Krantov, 6-8 million tons in Khojaly, 4-5 million tons in Ketmanchi, 10 million tons in Chukai-Tukai, 15 million tons in Beshtuba and 10 million tons in Khojakul. There are also phosphorite reserves in the Khojakul, Khojaili, Nazarkhan and Chokai-Tukai deposits. Basalt is found in the Burkuttag, Sherzhili and Dushshybulak deposits in the Sultan Uvais mountain range. Mergel is located in

Porlitov, 45 km from Chimbay. Quartz sand and kaolin are also found at the Khurshid deposit in the Amu Darya region.

The Sultanuvais ridge is located along the Nukus-Tashkent highway and the Nukus-Miskin-Uchkuduk-Tashkent railway. This makes it easier to extract and transport existing mineral resources. At the same time, the creation in the region of industrial enterprises for the processing of a part of raw materials will lead to an improvement in the regional structure of the population and employment.

In Karakalpakstan, huge reserves of mining and chemical raw materials, such as Barsa kelmes (17,8 million tons) and Karaumbet (0,8 million tons) near the city of Kungrad, have huge reserves of magnesium sulfate, rock and salt. As mentioned above, the Ustyurt Plateau is rich in oil and especially natural gas deposits. Many foreign investments have been attracted for the geological prospecting and mining of these types of raw materials.

In Karakalpakstan, huge reserves of chemical industry raw materials have been discovered in the Chimbay district Kushkhanatov, such as Barsa kelmes (17,8 million tons) and Karaumbet (0,8 million tons) near to the Kungrad.

As mentioned above, the Ustyurt Plateau is rich in oil and especially natural gas deposits. Many foreign investments have been attracted for the geological prospecting and mining of these types of raw materials. Geological prospecting has revealed oil fields in West Barsa kelmes. Thus, the search for oil and gas fields in the northern region, especially in the Usturt plain and the Aral Sea desert, will play an important role in determining the prospects for the development of industrial production in Karakalpakstan in the future.

It was noted that the chemical industry of Karakalpakstan is rich in raw material resources. These mineral resources open up vast opportunities for the development of heavy industry. It should be noted that the disproportion between the location of mineral deposits in the region and the settlements creates problems for the territorial organization of production. Therefore, the role of transport networks in the location and development of production is great. Therefore, in the future, there are great opportunities to locate the industry in settlements close to important transport routes or mines.

In conclusion, within the framework of the Action Strategy adopted by the Government for the socio-economic development of Karakalpakstan, the richness of existing natural and mineral resources in the region will allow it to increase GDP based on the development of certain industries.