Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Journal articles - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
All articles: 1817
Substantiating the choice of regional healthcare effectiveness indicators
Scientific article
In the context of modern demographic trends related to population aging, as well as due to the ongoing pro-natalist policy, new challenges arise for healthcare, coupled with an increasing contradiction between the growing demand for medical services from the population and the limited available human, material and financial resources. Consequently, the choice of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare becomes crucially important from the practical perspective. Russian and foreign researchers propose various approaches to the development of such criteria and to the way in which the assessment procedure itself is carried out. However, so far, there is no well-established list of criteria for evaluating healthcare effectiveness. The aim of this work is to substantiate the indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the regional healthcare system, applicable to solving optimization problems. The information base of the study includes Russian and foreign research on the topic in question, and statistical data characterizing the functioning of regional healthcare and the state of public health. We consider approaches to determining the effectiveness of healthcare at the levels of individual medical technology, medical organization, and the industry as a whole and reveal strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches to measuring healthcare effectiveness. Special attention is paid to the analysis of current approaches to assessing the effectiveness of management decisions in the healthcare sector. It is proved that the correlation of “input” and “output” is the most relevant method for solving optimization problems simulating variants of management decisions in the healthcare sector. Theoretical novelty of our research lies in substantiating a number of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of regional healthcare. Based on the analysis of data from Russian and foreign studies, as well as taking into account the correlation analysis, we propose to consider life expectancy at birth, mortality of the population over the working age, mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and one-year mortality of patients with malignant neoplasms as the resulting indicators of the functioning of regional healthcare. In the future, these indicators will be used as target parameters for solving optimization problems in the field of regional healthcare using its agent-based model. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional healthcare can serve as a theoretical basis for an automated management decision support system in this area, which determines the practical significance of the research findings.
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Scientific article
Modern studies consider the issues of spatial development of territories from different theoretical-methodological and scientific-practical positions. At the same time, scientific literature pays increased attention to clusters as tools of development of socio-economic space in regions and countries. The review of relevant literature that we have carried out shows that foreign studies on clusters focus more on determining the success factors of clusters and on the development of state programs to support them. While Russian scientific literature mainly tackles the issue of developing methodological foundations and techniques for identifying and assessing clusters for the purpose of developing the cluster potential of territories. Moreover, if we consider world's best practices of cluster development, we see that in many works of Russian and foreign researchers on identifying clusters their effectiveness as highly organized self-developing systems is postulated and not subjected to thorough consideration...
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Scientific article
The relevance and significance of the study are determined by the following: the analysis of international and Russian practices of establishing borders of the Arctic zone, trends and their changes observed in recent years in Russia, the study of the characteristics of economic activity in the Arctic, the adoption of the federal law to support business activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the inclusion of a number of such municipalities of the Magadan Oblast as Severo-Evensky, Omsukchansky, Srednekansky and Susumansky urban districts in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The reason is the similarity of their natural, climatic and geographical characteristics with the Arctic regions, identity of the socio-economic development problems, unity of the Magadan Oblast municipalities and the Arctic regions of the Far Eastern Federal District by a common infrastructure. Scientific novelty of the study lies in proving the homogeneity of the conditions of the Magadan Oblast districts and the Arctic regions using the selected criteria. On the example of the project on the development of the Omolon iron-ore cluster, we assessed the effectiveness of its implementation for investors, considering the measures of state support in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Thus, resource savings for the investor, taking into account the Arctic benefits, are more than twice as much as the savings from the use of the preferential economic zone regime in the Magadan Oblast. The research findings formed the basis of the expert conclusion on the expediency of inclusion of a part of the territory of Magadan Oblast into the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which will help create favorable conditions for investors in the development of natural resource potential, as well as ensure socio-economic development of the entire region.
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Substantiation of the priorities of the regional oil-and-gas complex development
Scientific article
The development of the oil and gas extracting regions is mainly determined by evolution of the development of the resources of hydro-carbonic raw material. Consideration of the prospects of the mentioned territorial formations allows maximizing social and economic benefits of the oil and gas extracting. In the article the features of functioning of the base sector of the northern raw region are analyzed. The criteria are offered and the prior directions of the development of the regional oil-and-gas complex are determined.
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Scientific article
The article is devoted to consideration of the social problems interfering innovational development. Specificity of understanding of innovational education is defined. The problems of economics as a scientific field of study are discussed.
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Supply chain management as a driving force for generating competitive advantage for dairy companies
Scientific article
The study aims to uncover the reserves to generate competitive advantages for the participants of the market of perishables in the case of the dairy sector due to the formation of effective supply chains, as this category of goods is the most demanding in terms of periods and conditions of transportation and terms of preservation. The research technique is based on the concepts of value chains and supply chain management. In order to optimize the distribution of functions between the participants of the dairy chain a process-based approach has been applied. The research has revealed the main reasons for high aggregate costs and the places of their formation at each stage of the dairy supply chain. The article proposes the mechanisms to address three main problems arising from the process of building relations between the participants of the dairy supply chain in Russia. These problems are associated with a disproportionate margin distribution between the participants of the chain, with non-compliance of the quality of raw milk with the requirements for the production of specific types of dairy products, and with distrust of the supply chain participants, which increases transaction costs and forces to create reserve supplies which reduce the competitiveness of the whole dairy supply chain in general...
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Sustainability as the basic principle of responsible budgetary policy
Scientific article
The author touches upon rather critical issues of management of the regional budget system sustainability. The prospect to studying this issue is confirmed at the highest level - by the RF President. The article indicates that the main components of the budgets financial sustainability concept are the following: the territory's self-sufficiency (independence), its solvency, income and expenditure balance. The swot analysis of the public finances state in the Northwestern Federal District regions has revealed lowering independence of the territories, debt burden deterioration in the post-crisis period and the unsolved problem of income and expenses imbalance. The study shows the territories' capacity constraints to find additional financial resources, although the anti-crisis instruments of the budget process (regional reserve funds) are not used in full measure. The analysis has resulted in the development of directions to stimulate the regional budget system sustainability, such as the modernization model of fiscal federalism, strengthening and development of tax potential, improving the budget expenditures efficiency and encouraging the use of regional reserve funds potential. According to the author, the timeliness of these measures is to be achieved through continuous financial situation monitoring in the RF subjects.
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