Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1659
Статья научная
Modern studies consider the issues of spatial development of territories from different theoretical-methodological and scientific-practical positions. At the same time, scientific literature pays increased attention to clusters as tools of development of socio-economic space in regions and countries. The review of relevant literature that we have carried out shows that foreign studies on clusters focus more on determining the success factors of clusters and on the development of state programs to support them. While Russian scientific literature mainly tackles the issue of developing methodological foundations and techniques for identifying and assessing clusters for the purpose of developing the cluster potential of territories. Moreover, if we consider world's best practices of cluster development, we see that in many works of Russian and foreign researchers on identifying clusters their effectiveness as highly organized self-developing systems is postulated and not subjected to thorough consideration...
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Статья научная
The relevance and significance of the study are determined by the following: the analysis of international and Russian practices of establishing borders of the Arctic zone, trends and their changes observed in recent years in Russia, the study of the characteristics of economic activity in the Arctic, the adoption of the federal law to support business activities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the inclusion of a number of such municipalities of the Magadan Oblast as Severo-Evensky, Omsukchansky, Srednekansky and Susumansky urban districts in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The reason is the similarity of their natural, climatic and geographical characteristics with the Arctic regions, identity of the socio-economic development problems, unity of the Magadan Oblast municipalities and the Arctic regions of the Far Eastern Federal District by a common infrastructure. Scientific novelty of the study lies in proving the homogeneity of the conditions of the Magadan Oblast districts and the Arctic regions using the selected criteria. On the example of the project on the development of the Omolon iron-ore cluster, we assessed the effectiveness of its implementation for investors, considering the measures of state support in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Thus, resource savings for the investor, taking into account the Arctic benefits, are more than twice as much as the savings from the use of the preferential economic zone regime in the Magadan Oblast. The research findings formed the basis of the expert conclusion on the expediency of inclusion of a part of the territory of Magadan Oblast into the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which will help create favorable conditions for investors in the development of natural resource potential, as well as ensure socio-economic development of the entire region.
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Substantiation of the priorities of the regional oil-and-gas complex development
Статья научная
The development of the oil and gas extracting regions is mainly determined by evolution of the development of the resources of hydro-carbonic raw material. Consideration of the prospects of the mentioned territorial formations allows maximizing social and economic benefits of the oil and gas extracting. In the article the features of functioning of the base sector of the northern raw region are analyzed. The criteria are offered and the prior directions of the development of the regional oil-and-gas complex are determined.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to consideration of the social problems interfering innovational development. Specificity of understanding of innovational education is defined. The problems of economics as a scientific field of study are discussed.
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Supply chain management as a driving force for generating competitive advantage for dairy companies
Статья научная
The study aims to uncover the reserves to generate competitive advantages for the participants of the market of perishables in the case of the dairy sector due to the formation of effective supply chains, as this category of goods is the most demanding in terms of periods and conditions of transportation and terms of preservation. The research technique is based on the concepts of value chains and supply chain management. In order to optimize the distribution of functions between the participants of the dairy chain a process-based approach has been applied. The research has revealed the main reasons for high aggregate costs and the places of their formation at each stage of the dairy supply chain. The article proposes the mechanisms to address three main problems arising from the process of building relations between the participants of the dairy supply chain in Russia. These problems are associated with a disproportionate margin distribution between the participants of the chain, with non-compliance of the quality of raw milk with the requirements for the production of specific types of dairy products, and with distrust of the supply chain participants, which increases transaction costs and forces to create reserve supplies which reduce the competitiveness of the whole dairy supply chain in general...
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Sustainability as the basic principle of responsible budgetary policy
Статья научная
The author touches upon rather critical issues of management of the regional budget system sustainability. The prospect to studying this issue is confirmed at the highest level - by the RF President. The article indicates that the main components of the budgets financial sustainability concept are the following: the territory's self-sufficiency (independence), its solvency, income and expenditure balance. The swot analysis of the public finances state in the Northwestern Federal District regions has revealed lowering independence of the territories, debt burden deterioration in the post-crisis period and the unsolved problem of income and expenses imbalance. The study shows the territories' capacity constraints to find additional financial resources, although the anti-crisis instruments of the budget process (regional reserve funds) are not used in full measure. The analysis has resulted in the development of directions to stimulate the regional budget system sustainability, such as the modernization model of fiscal federalism, strengthening and development of tax potential, improving the budget expenditures efficiency and encouraging the use of regional reserve funds potential. According to the author, the timeliness of these measures is to be achieved through continuous financial situation monitoring in the RF subjects.
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Sustainability of digital and non-digital forms of employment: comparative assessments
Статья научная
Modern theoretical and practical views on the impact of digitalization on welfare and quality of working life are controversial and fragmentary. The effectiveness of the application of digital social and labor relations is considered in scientific publications, as a rule, outside the context of sustainability. The aim of the work is to identify differences between digital and non-digital employment according to the criteria of sustainability in the context of standard and non-standard forms of social and labor relations. Key tasks are to develop our own methodology for assessing the sustainability of employment forms; carry out comparative and rating assessment of the sustainability of digital and non-digital forms of employment based on objective and subjective indicators. Empirical basis includes the results of a nationwide survey of able-bodied population aged 20 to 59, N = 2,896 people, quota sample. Key controlled features are sex and type of residence area (region’s administrative center, city, rural settlement). All federal districts are covered with the exception of the Southern Federal District. We reveal that, according to most indicators, digital standard and non-standard forms of employment are more stable than non-digital forms, they occupy 1st and 2nd places in the final ranking. Digital standard employment is inferior to non-digital standard employment only in terms of the ratio of labor income to subsistence minimum. According to other objective indicators, digital employment demonstrates either significantly better working conditions or comparable social effectiveness. Digital non-standard employment is significantly more sustainable than non-digital non-standard employment in terms of the ratio of labor income to subsistence minimum, probability of a normal working week and possibility of voluntary choice of afterhours. The non-digital format is more stable in terms of legitimacy of labor relations and possibility of voluntary choice of underemployment. Subjective assessments of the effectiveness of employment formats among respondents in the digital segment are higher in all indicators of sustainability, especially in terms of job satisfaction and financial situation. A promising direction for future research les in conducting expert assessments of the significance of the proposed indicators for the development of an integrated index methodology for assessing employment sustainability.
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Sustainability strategies of socially oriented NPOs: grant support mechanism
Статья научная
The amount of grant support allocated by the state to the non-profit sector of social services is increasing annually; the number of social projects and the volume of their funding are growing as well. The state’s interest in the qualitative development of socially oriented non-profit organizations and expansion of the segment of their participation in social services is determined by the opportunities that non-profit organizations possess as new performers of social services, capable of introducing innovation in addressing social problems of citizens in need of support. In Russia, the Presidential Grants Foundation is the major grant operator that accumulates public funds and distributes them on a competitive basis among non-profit organizations. Its unique competitive system complies with modern standards for supporting project applications and supports socially oriented non-profit organizations in the process of implementing winner projects. The Foundation is also distinguished by a more significant amount of funds allocated to support grants in comparison with other grantmakers, including private foundations. The problem that determined the focus of the issues considered in the article is the contradiction between the significant amount of support provided to regional socially oriented non-profit organizations in the process of their formation as providers of social services, and the continuing low efficiency of these organizations. We investigate major strategies for raising funds by socially oriented non-profit organizations and show that their income portfolio consists mainly of the funding that comes from grant support, which is accompanied by risks of financial instability of organizations and an increasing dependence on grant funds as the main source of income. The empirical base of the study includes open source data and interviews with representatives of regional socially oriented non-profit organizations, resource centers and grantgivers (n = 27). Based on the analysis of interviews with the participants of the study, the article examines the possibilities of income diversification for non-profit organizations and the risks each strategic perspective may entail. We reveal the readiness of non-profit organizations to develop strategies aimed at attracting donor funding and income-generating activities. We also define conditions under which organizations are able to implement the discussed strategies in practice.
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Sustainable agricultural sector development of the north zone: state, factors, directions
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the sustainability of agriculture in the northern territories of the pre-reform and transition period. It shows the impact of the agrarian reform on the dynamics of crop and livestock production, changes in production capacity, considers the indicators of food consumption by the population of territories of the North, the financial condition of agricultural organizations. It estimates the impact of the priority national project “Development of Agriculture” on the sustainability of the agricultural sector. It reveals the factors and conditions that constrain the sustainable development of agriculture. The package of measures is offered to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector, including the updating of agricultural legislation, modernization of production through the application of new technologies, increasing state support for agricultural producers.
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Sustainable development and project management: objectives and integration results
Статья научная
Integration of sustainable development principles in project management is a tool to implement a values-based strategy. The main goal of this paper is to determine key issues for creating a consistent methodological basis that includes tools and techniques of project management taking into account sustainable development approaches. This paper analyses key aspects in which the conception and project management theory have interconnections. This aspect is, firstly, realization of projects initiated to reach goals in sustainable development area. And the second aspect is realization of various projects taking into consideration sustainable development approaches. The authors analyze contradictions between project management and a concept for sustainable development. The most critical contradictions deal with goals and priorities of the project, period and geography of its valuation, analysis of its impact zones. The authors define the tasks that need to be settled in order to resolve contradictions and integrate the principles of corporate social responsibility...
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Sustainable development in Russia's northern regions: labor dimension
Статья научная
The article points out that sustainable development is not the ultimate goal, but a dynamic process of adaptation, cognition and activity. We show that the transition to sustainable development is preconditioned by historical circumstances; we reveal the chronology of the concepts of sustainable development from the Brundtland Report to the 2030 Agenda. We analyze six international systems of sustainable development indicators; each of the systems contains social-labor indicators and indicators of living standards. We emphasize that the common disadvantage of all the systems is that their indicators are poorly adapted to Russian statistics. We consider it important to establish a set of labor indicators and develop a methodology to assess sustainable development. The novelty of our research lies in fact that we use our own approach to the assessment of sustainable development with the use of labor indicators. Labor stability is estimated according to four factors that include twelve labor indicators...
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Статья научная
The article deals with the questions of sustainable development of a new extracting region during hydrocarbon field development. Balance of interests and minimizing of the contradictions between state, oil and gas companies and local communities in the oil and gas project activity define the progressive and balanced economic development of the new extracting region. The authors show the social and economic approaches for hydrocarbon field development taking into account the foreign experience of natural resources exploitation. The article also covers the questions related to the interaction between the state and oil and gas business and the creation of effective control strategy for hydrocarbon resources development in the new oil and gas extracting region.
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