Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1659
Статья научная
In 2015, at a UN Summit, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted; it contains 17 sustainable development goals crucially important for any country in the world. The scientific significance of solving the problem of sustainable development consists in the urgent task to adapt the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to national conditions of different countries and to form a mechanism for their achievement in various economic sectors. Since the central place in the Agenda is devoted to food security and sustainable development of agriculture, we identify the possibility of applying the system of SDGs to promote further sustainable development of Russian agricultural sector. The main scientific idea and goal of the present paper is to determine national priorities in the field of sustainable development on the basis of meaningful analysis of the current state of the agri-food complex; besides we search for possible directions to adapt the global Agenda 2030 to Russian conditions so as to improve existing agriculture development strategies and programs, taking into consideration the UN SDGs...
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Статья научная
The article presents some analysis results of students’ self-preservation behavior that is based on the international multi-disciplinary research of university students’ health (in the case of the students who have a specialization in humanities), conducted in Poland and Russia in 2011. The paper is aimed at characterizing the system of students’ values and their influence on the development of self- preservation behavior. The article deals with the health and behavioral characteristics of students. The results of the international multi-disciplinary research allow the authors to suggest that the system of values have a significant influence on the self-preservation behavior of students.
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System prerequisites for economic recovery of Russia
Статья научная
In the latest issue of the Journal we informed our readers about the 7th International Conference “Strategy and Tactics of Socio-Economic Reforms” that was held in December 2015 in Vologda. The event was dedicated to the 25th anniversary of ISEDT RAS. Renowned Russian scientists, chief editors of social science publications and representatives of regional and local authorities delivered their reports at the plenary sessions of the conference. The report delivered by Sergei Gubanov, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Editor of the journal “Economist”, was considered to be of great interest by the conference participants. Here we outline the main provisions of the report* touching upon the key issues that would help resolve economic and social problems that Russia is facing at the current stage of its development.
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System-reflexive marketing in business management in the post-soviet space
Статья научная
The article presents the study results of market failures and the success of the enterprises of different forms of ownership in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The main problems of marketing in the post-Soviet space are revealed. A new paradigm of systemic-reflexive marketing, generalizing the evolutionary development of marketing and strategic management is formed. The article demonstrates the advantages of the system-reflexive marketing implementation at the enterprise in order to solve many problems of modern business.
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Systemic crisis and the choice of the way of development for Russia
Статья научная
The article considers the reasons that led to the systemic crisis in the modern Russian economy, and highlights major factors that impede the transition to the innovation type of the country’s development. The article pays special attention to the losses caused by a comprador nature of the current economic system, and in particular - by its modification focused on export and raw materials. Besides, the article substantiates the author’s viewpoint that at present our country needs an economic system, which is ready for a new and comprehensive industrialization.
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Статья научная
The subject of the paper is related to the need to eliminate the discrepancy between the theory of taxation in terms of forest management tax administration and forest resources rational use. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of the research on tax administration in the forest management system and its influence on the budgets of the Northern territories. Scientific novelty of the research consists of the development of the theory of tax administration in forest management and the determination of its impact on the budgets of the Northern territories: the concepts of “tax administration in forest management” and “tax potential of forest management” are specified; the necessity of highlighting the special role of tax administration in forest management in the forestry sector development programs is substantiated; the classification of fiscal payments in forest management is proposed; the criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management are defined. Theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fixing of urgent current problems of tax administration in forest management, interrelated with the management of forests in the Northern regions; the grouping of tax authorities’ control measures in the forest sector, which makes it possible to identify tax law violations systematically; the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management and its influence on the budgets of Russian Northern territories (the case of the Republic of Komi); the analysis of domestic and foreign practices (USA, UK, Finland) of tax administration through information technologies; the systematization of problem areas of tax administration in the field of forest management in the Northern regions of Russia (geographical, infrastructure, socio-economic, organizational, information technology); the development of ways of improving tax administration of the forest usage in the Northern territories, based on the introduction of information technologies, state and public control over forest usage, and support services for taxpayers. The research methodology is based on the theories of taxation, environmental economics, and regional economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the methods of dynamic and static analysis of the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management were used. It allowed us to identify urgent problems.
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Taxation as the mechanism of regulation of the population's inequality
Статья научная
The article contains the analysis of the population’s taxation in the countries with the flat and the progressive rates of taxation. The information for the research was taken from the materials of periodical press concerning the subject of the research, and also federal and regional statistical data on wages, incomes and taxes paid by the population of the Vologda oblast were used. It was shown, that the redistributive mechanisms existing in Russia do not only reduce the population’s inequality, but to the opposite, promote its increase. The author offers the directions of adjustment of the mechanisms of redistribution.
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Статья научная
The paper considers types of taxes on and payments for the use of natural resources and shows their volume and dynamics in Northern regions of Russia. We highlight tax policy in the system of natural resource management from the point of view of coordinating private and public interests and observing social and territorial justice. The goal of the paper is to present the findings of a research on the theory and practice of taxation in the system of environmental management and its impact on economic development in the Northern territories. The objectives are as follows: to determine the types of tax exemptions for the use of non-renewable natural resources, to reveal current problems in fiscal relations, to establish general principles of taxation of environmental management and to assess its effectiveness. Scientific novelty of our study consists in the fact that we assess imbalances in the system of economic federalism in terms of taxation and the excessive gap between the places of production and consumption of natural resource revenues...
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Taxation of digital services: theory, international practice and domestic prerequisites
Статья научная
Reforming corporate taxation taking into account customer value creation concept is a necessary stage in the transformation of the Russian tax system. It will help make it just and efficient in the context of the digital economy in which major IT corporations gain super profits from the use of big data and provision of digital services, the cost of which largely depends on the participation of customers. The goals of the present research are as follows: to substantiate theoretical prerequisites for increasing the tax burden on the companies that use big data as a factor of production, to identify trends and patterns in the modern stage of reforming the taxation of revenues resulting from the provision of digital services in foreign countries, and to substantiate the presence of potential for its application in Russia. In the course of our research we identify features of big data as a factor of production; they demonstrate the need for a special approach to the taxation of income from its use and are important for the identification of the object of taxation. In the light of the European tax reform aimed to create a fair and effective tax system in the digital economy we make an overview of the current practice of introducing digital services tax in the EU member states; we also consider some polemical provisions that require further research. Having analyzed the financial performance and tax burden of the largest IT companies Yandex N.V. and Mail.Ru Group for 2013-2018, we reveal the trend of outstripping growth of gross income and profit in comparison with the amount of tax paid. We also find out that the structure of income is dominated by the items falling under digital services taxation, as well as factors contributing to the reduction of the tax burden. We conclude that Russia has the potential to introduce digital services tax in the medium term.
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Статья научная
In modern society, social media have become one of the main sources of information. Many local governments began working with the population on social media platforms after this requirement was legally established in December 2022. Without involving the population in the official information agenda, it is impossible to engage them in a constructive dialogue to identify and solve local problems. Due to the difference in experience, Internet communication skills, and time, municipalities cope with this task with varying degrees of success, which indicates a digital divide. The aim of the research is to develop methods for measuring the digital divide in the work of local government on social media using VKontakte social media platform as an example. To do this, the official pages of municipalities in VKontakte were identified, engagement indices were calculated, the influence of socio-economic and other factors on their values was accessed using regression models, and municipal structures were grouped according to the engagement index using cluster analysis. The study covers 615 settlements, 198 municipalities and okrugs of the Northwestern Federal District in the period from 2017 to 2022. The findings indicate that the use of the engagement index to measure the digital divide is practical only within reference groups. It is proved that the value of the engagement index is negatively affected by the number of population, community longevity, proximity to the regional center, and average wage. It is determined that the largest digital divide is typical for a group of settlements with a population of less than 4.1 thousand people. The proposed methods for assessing the digital divide can be used by communications policy administration to evaluate the performance of local governments on social media, build a scaled system of targets, search for best practices and prevent artificial overestimating of engagement levels.
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Technological development: investment structure impact
Статья научная
The study is aimed at determining the impact of a technology investment structure on changes in technological effectiveness of the economy that should be taken into account in the medium and long term. The research methodology includes structural and empirical analysis of the distribution of investment between new and old technologies, econometric models of technological level and investment in new and old technologies that have undergone a reasonable selection procedure according to the principle of best reliability; involves formulation of general principles and substantiation of technological development goals for the medium and long term. The technology structure determines potential of technological developmentanditsdynamics. It is based on realized medium- and long-term goals and search for responses to competitive challenges. The work results in confirmation of the investments structure influence on the overall level of technological effectiveness of the economy, different sensitivity of investment in new and old technologies to changes in risk and interest rates. For Russian economy the analysis of two sectors, particularly manufacturing and transactional raw materials ones, shows that with interest rates gone up, we observe faster decrease in investment in new technologies than those in old technologies, the level of manufacturability goes down as well. Therefore, the task of Russian economy technological renewal can be solved with regard to risk reduction measures in the manufacturing sector and application of differentiated interest rates in a sectoral perspective, ensuring its overall reduction. Using the taxonomic analysis method, the author identifies key models of technological development (at a theoretical level) according to characteristics of the structure of investment in new and old technologies. This helps specify economic policy measures in terms of the impact of investments distribution on the technological level, as well as their dynamics, that is, evaluate contribution of investments in various types of technologies to the overall rate of economic growth.
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Technological sovereignty projects as a tool for innovative development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
Currently, in the new geopolitical context and amid external restrictions imposed by the West, the achievement of technological sovereignty is becoming the most important feature of a new emerging development model for Russia. In this regard, there is a need to find new and most effective ways and tools to address this problem. Our work considers the issue of implementing the project approach and the transition to a full innovation cycle economy through the formation of technological sovereignty projects that are pointed out as the main tool for ensuring technological independence as stated in the Concept for Technological Development of the Russian Federation up to 2030. Special attention is paid to the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of such a tool in the context of analyzing the existing accumulated experience in the implementation of projects of a full innovation cycle, primarily comprehensive scientific and technological programs and projects implemented in the light of the objectives contained in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation adopted in 2016. We point out the importance of defining the boundaries of the full innovation cycle, which is interpreted by researchers in different ways. Since technological sovereignty projects are designed to turn into a tool for building their own reproduction chains, they should not end with the introduction of new technology; rather, they should enter mass production and contain a detailed investment component for the creation and reconstruction of production facilities. In this regard, we analyze the procedure for selecting priority areas for the development of technological sovereignty projects and their resource provision; we assess the effectiveness of state tools for supporting such projects; and propose measures to improve the organization of the process of formation and implementation of technological sovereignty projects. The implementation of the package of measures we put forward should help accelerate scientific and technological development and reduce Russia’s technological dependence.
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Статья научная
The article deals with technologies substituting hospitalization in the context of the overall structure of health care, discusses the prospects and problems of their introduction into medical practice of public health institutions of the Vologda region from the standpoint of economic efficiency.
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Telemedicine in modern conditions: the attitude of society and the vector of development
Статья научная
The intensive development of information technology and the external challenges, primarily the coronavirus pandemic, have caused a revision of attitudes toward telemedicine. The article is devoted to the study of problems concerning the development of Russian telemedicine, analysis of existing trends and the possibilities of its application, taking into account the development of communication technology and the legal field. Research on this issue is connected, on the one hand, with analyzing modern capabilities of telemedicine technologies and the need for their application in connection with the complex epidemiological situation in a number of Russia’s regions, on the other hand, with the assessment of the level of trust in telemedicine on the part of end users: who, how, when and where can use telemedicine services. The object of our research is telemedicine technology, the subject is the dynamics of perception of new forms of medical services by Russian society. We use a classical approach to studying the problems under consideration: at the first stage, we conduct a comprehensive desk study and analyze secondary information; at the second stage, we collect primary data: on the basis of the developed tools, we conduct an exploratory study of the attitude of Russian society toward telemedicine. The uniqueness and novelty of our findings are due to the comparison of the data concerning the attitude of Russians toward telemedicine, obtained before the outbreak of the pandemic, with the data obtained at the stage of a significant reduction in the incidence of COVID-19 in regions that have become “pilot” ones in the use of telemedicine technologies in primary care in the midst of the epidemic. During data collection and analysis, we applied statistical, mathematical and sociological methods, including content analysis to study legal issues of the possibility of using telemedicine technologies. The study has revealed the main reasons for Russians’ distrust of telemedicine, as well as possible ways and areas of its application in the future to provide medical care to the population. The results obtained can be used to study the application of telemedicine in Russia in the system of training and retraining of medical personnel, as well as by health care organizers, lawyers and other specialists who deal with the application of telemedicine technologies, including at the level of legislative and executive authorities.
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Статья научная
The research subject in the article is the correlation between evaluation indicators of primary energy resources in the fuel and energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District of the country. The purpose for the study is to evaluate the primary energy resources of the fuel and energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District in terms of economic, technological, energy, social, and environmental parameters with the use of balanced scorecard (BSC) for sustainable development of the sector in the Northwestern Federal District as a whole. Methods. The article proposes the methodology for territorial decomposition of the balanced scorecard for evaluating primary energy resources in the Northwestern Federal District. The region's balanced scorecard decomposition of evaluation of primary energy resources in the case of the Arkhangelsk Oblast fuel and energy sector, including Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is determined; the authors identify the degree of stability of the fuel land energy sector in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, according to the following parameters of sustainable development of the energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District: economic, technological, energy, social, environmental...
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Territorial differentiation and mechanism for its reduction
Статья научная
Interterritorial socio-economic differentiation is one of the main internal challenges that hamper sustainable development of Russian regions and impede the transition of the economy to a new techno-economic paradigm. The weakening of economic ties and the uneven distribution of resources have led to an increase not only in interregional, but also in intraregional inequality in the development of territories; this disrupts the cohesion of the common economic space. In this regard, it becomes necessary to substantiate scientifically the mechanism of territorial development regulation that can reduce the scale of intraregional differentiation and overcome its negative implications; this predetermined the goal of our study. We use the data on the Vologda Oblast to systematize and analyze factors that cause intraregional differentiation; we identify the most significant of them, assess the scale and depth of socio-economic differentiation, determine the trends of change in socio-economic development of municipal districts, and substantiate the use of methods that help decrease the inequality of territories...
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Territorial mobility of population in the context of search for happiness
Статья научная
The author of the article suggests considering the territorial mobility of population as the migration, aimed at finding happiness. Such factors as ‘health’, ‘employment security’, ‘standard of living’, ‘justice’ have been examined as the components of happiness. These factors affect the psychological state of people, their positive or negative feelings. Differentiation of the given factors was revealed to influence the territorial mobility of the population of the studied territories in case of the republics and oblasts of the Volga Federal District, with the two factors, i.e. ‘employment security’ and ‘standard of living’, being decisive in shaping the direction and intensity of migration flows of population in the pursuit of happiness.
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Territorial planning and Zipf's law
Статья научная
Territorial planning is an integral part of strategic planning in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. When development strategies are elaborated, the assessment of the socio-economic situation in the region should be based on the results obtained in the course of studying the current situation in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in comparison with its border territorial entities, as well as in comparison with indicators in the macroregion (federal district). SWOT analysis is the most common technology for assessing the situation in a region. Due to various reasons the use of this method does not provide high accuracy of the result. The use of the Zipf distribution (inversely proportional dependence) as a reference provides an opportunity for a more accurate quantitative analysis of the dynamics of indicators used to assess the socio-economic situation in territorial entities. The goal of the paper is to determine current external conditions, trends and imbalances in the socio-economic situation in a region with the use of Zipf's law. In contrast to the traditional use of the law in the study of demographic indicators, our paper aims to consider the dynamics of changes in gross regional product and in the number of jobs. The results indicate that the distribution of the value added and the distribution of number of jobs tend to an inversely proportional function. The discussion of the results is presented in the form of a discussion on the impact of socio-economic situation on the formation of long-term development plans; the discussion takes into account the positions of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the Zipf curve. In addition, we substantiate the possibility and necessity of using the gross regional product indicator in the conditions of the Russian Federation. Our conclusions show the advantage of using distributions to study the existing external environment in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Practical application of Zipf's law helps define the starting conditions and forecast the consequences of implementation of socio-economic development strategies more accurately and to substantiate quantitative indicators for long-term plans.
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Territorial public self-government as a development institution at the municipal level
Статья научная
Under the conditions of insufficient financial and economic independence of Russia’s municipalities, greater importance is attached to various forms of people’s self-organization created for the purpose of participating in municipal administration, in the implementation of projects and activities that ensure the achievement of strategic goals and objectives of territorial development with minimum cost. One such form is territorial public self-government (TPSG); but, despite its effectiveness, it is not widespread in Russian regions. This is due both to the passivity of the population and to the fact that the status of TPSG has not been established clearly in the system of local government. That is why it is very important to study the best practices of organization and functioning of TPSG and substantiate its role as a development institution at the municipal level. The present work uses the example of Vologda city and several RF subjects to show that TPSG can solve many local issues (in the sphere of social protection, improvement of territories, promotion of comfortable living, etc.)...
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Territories' predisposition assessment to “smart” companies' location
Статья научная
Currently, one of the urgent issues for the Russian economy is to create conditions for the expansion of “smart” companies in the regions on which depend the society transition to a new type of technological structure, innovative development and the country's competitiveness. The hypothesis of the study is that some regions are more predisposed to the appearance of “smart” companies on their territories, while others do not have the appropriate conditions for developing innovative and digital technologies. To prove this hypothesis, the article reveals the concept of a regional 3D model of a “smart” company and offers a methodology for assessing regions' predisposition to the emergence of such organizations. A special feature of the author's methodology is an integrated indicator which is the result of the synthesis of graphical and analytical evaluation methods. The methodology allows identifying territories with favorable conditions for expansion of organizational ambidextrity, innovative development and companies' digitalization. It was tested in Russia's regions in 2010-2017. As a result, the paper has identified the typology of regions according to five criteria reflecting the predisposition to the emergence of “smart” companies, and has built their rating. The approbation of the author's methodological developments allowed establishing that industrially developed regions can be considered digitalization poles. The work shows that the Ural Federal District acts as a stable basis for the emergence and successful functioning of “smart” companies, as all its entities, except the Kurgan Oblast, fall into the top twenty territories favorable for their development. This pattern is not typical for other federal districts. In conclusion, the authors have determined principal development trajectories of the main elements of the 3D model of a “smart” company at the meso-economic research level in the following areas: “smart” personnel, “smart” environment, “smart” innovations and solutions.
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