Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1692
Supply chain management as a driving force for generating competitive advantage for dairy companies
Статья научная
The study aims to uncover the reserves to generate competitive advantages for the participants of the market of perishables in the case of the dairy sector due to the formation of effective supply chains, as this category of goods is the most demanding in terms of periods and conditions of transportation and terms of preservation. The research technique is based on the concepts of value chains and supply chain management. In order to optimize the distribution of functions between the participants of the dairy chain a process-based approach has been applied. The research has revealed the main reasons for high aggregate costs and the places of their formation at each stage of the dairy supply chain. The article proposes the mechanisms to address three main problems arising from the process of building relations between the participants of the dairy supply chain in Russia. These problems are associated with a disproportionate margin distribution between the participants of the chain, with non-compliance of the quality of raw milk with the requirements for the production of specific types of dairy products, and with distrust of the supply chain participants, which increases transaction costs and forces to create reserve supplies which reduce the competitiveness of the whole dairy supply chain in general...
Бесплатно
Sustainability as the basic principle of responsible budgetary policy
Статья научная
The author touches upon rather critical issues of management of the regional budget system sustainability. The prospect to studying this issue is confirmed at the highest level - by the RF President. The article indicates that the main components of the budgets financial sustainability concept are the following: the territory's self-sufficiency (independence), its solvency, income and expenditure balance. The swot analysis of the public finances state in the Northwestern Federal District regions has revealed lowering independence of the territories, debt burden deterioration in the post-crisis period and the unsolved problem of income and expenses imbalance. The study shows the territories' capacity constraints to find additional financial resources, although the anti-crisis instruments of the budget process (regional reserve funds) are not used in full measure. The analysis has resulted in the development of directions to stimulate the regional budget system sustainability, such as the modernization model of fiscal federalism, strengthening and development of tax potential, improving the budget expenditures efficiency and encouraging the use of regional reserve funds potential. According to the author, the timeliness of these measures is to be achieved through continuous financial situation monitoring in the RF subjects.
Бесплатно
Sustainability of digital and non-digital forms of employment: comparative assessments
Статья научная
Modern theoretical and practical views on the impact of digitalization on welfare and quality of working life are controversial and fragmentary. The effectiveness of the application of digital social and labor relations is considered in scientific publications, as a rule, outside the context of sustainability. The aim of the work is to identify differences between digital and non-digital employment according to the criteria of sustainability in the context of standard and non-standard forms of social and labor relations. Key tasks are to develop our own methodology for assessing the sustainability of employment forms; carry out comparative and rating assessment of the sustainability of digital and non-digital forms of employment based on objective and subjective indicators. Empirical basis includes the results of a nationwide survey of able-bodied population aged 20 to 59, N = 2,896 people, quota sample. Key controlled features are sex and type of residence area (region’s administrative center, city, rural settlement). All federal districts are covered with the exception of the Southern Federal District. We reveal that, according to most indicators, digital standard and non-standard forms of employment are more stable than non-digital forms, they occupy 1st and 2nd places in the final ranking. Digital standard employment is inferior to non-digital standard employment only in terms of the ratio of labor income to subsistence minimum. According to other objective indicators, digital employment demonstrates either significantly better working conditions or comparable social effectiveness. Digital non-standard employment is significantly more sustainable than non-digital non-standard employment in terms of the ratio of labor income to subsistence minimum, probability of a normal working week and possibility of voluntary choice of afterhours. The non-digital format is more stable in terms of legitimacy of labor relations and possibility of voluntary choice of underemployment. Subjective assessments of the effectiveness of employment formats among respondents in the digital segment are higher in all indicators of sustainability, especially in terms of job satisfaction and financial situation. A promising direction for future research les in conducting expert assessments of the significance of the proposed indicators for the development of an integrated index methodology for assessing employment sustainability.
Бесплатно
Sustainability strategies of socially oriented NPOs: grant support mechanism
Статья научная
The amount of grant support allocated by the state to the non-profit sector of social services is increasing annually; the number of social projects and the volume of their funding are growing as well. The state’s interest in the qualitative development of socially oriented non-profit organizations and expansion of the segment of their participation in social services is determined by the opportunities that non-profit organizations possess as new performers of social services, capable of introducing innovation in addressing social problems of citizens in need of support. In Russia, the Presidential Grants Foundation is the major grant operator that accumulates public funds and distributes them on a competitive basis among non-profit organizations. Its unique competitive system complies with modern standards for supporting project applications and supports socially oriented non-profit organizations in the process of implementing winner projects. The Foundation is also distinguished by a more significant amount of funds allocated to support grants in comparison with other grantmakers, including private foundations. The problem that determined the focus of the issues considered in the article is the contradiction between the significant amount of support provided to regional socially oriented non-profit organizations in the process of their formation as providers of social services, and the continuing low efficiency of these organizations. We investigate major strategies for raising funds by socially oriented non-profit organizations and show that their income portfolio consists mainly of the funding that comes from grant support, which is accompanied by risks of financial instability of organizations and an increasing dependence on grant funds as the main source of income. The empirical base of the study includes open source data and interviews with representatives of regional socially oriented non-profit organizations, resource centers and grantgivers (n = 27). Based on the analysis of interviews with the participants of the study, the article examines the possibilities of income diversification for non-profit organizations and the risks each strategic perspective may entail. We reveal the readiness of non-profit organizations to develop strategies aimed at attracting donor funding and income-generating activities. We also define conditions under which organizations are able to implement the discussed strategies in practice.
Бесплатно
Sustainable agricultural sector development of the north zone: state, factors, directions
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the sustainability of agriculture in the northern territories of the pre-reform and transition period. It shows the impact of the agrarian reform on the dynamics of crop and livestock production, changes in production capacity, considers the indicators of food consumption by the population of territories of the North, the financial condition of agricultural organizations. It estimates the impact of the priority national project “Development of Agriculture” on the sustainability of the agricultural sector. It reveals the factors and conditions that constrain the sustainable development of agriculture. The package of measures is offered to ensure sustainable development of the agricultural sector, including the updating of agricultural legislation, modernization of production through the application of new technologies, increasing state support for agricultural producers.
Бесплатно
Sustainable development and project management: objectives and integration results
Статья научная
Integration of sustainable development principles in project management is a tool to implement a values-based strategy. The main goal of this paper is to determine key issues for creating a consistent methodological basis that includes tools and techniques of project management taking into account sustainable development approaches. This paper analyses key aspects in which the conception and project management theory have interconnections. This aspect is, firstly, realization of projects initiated to reach goals in sustainable development area. And the second aspect is realization of various projects taking into consideration sustainable development approaches. The authors analyze contradictions between project management and a concept for sustainable development. The most critical contradictions deal with goals and priorities of the project, period and geography of its valuation, analysis of its impact zones. The authors define the tasks that need to be settled in order to resolve contradictions and integrate the principles of corporate social responsibility...
Бесплатно
Sustainable development in Russia's northern regions: labor dimension
Статья научная
The article points out that sustainable development is not the ultimate goal, but a dynamic process of adaptation, cognition and activity. We show that the transition to sustainable development is preconditioned by historical circumstances; we reveal the chronology of the concepts of sustainable development from the Brundtland Report to the 2030 Agenda. We analyze six international systems of sustainable development indicators; each of the systems contains social-labor indicators and indicators of living standards. We emphasize that the common disadvantage of all the systems is that their indicators are poorly adapted to Russian statistics. We consider it important to establish a set of labor indicators and develop a methodology to assess sustainable development. The novelty of our research lies in fact that we use our own approach to the assessment of sustainable development with the use of labor indicators. Labor stability is estimated according to four factors that include twelve labor indicators...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article deals with the questions of sustainable development of a new extracting region during hydrocarbon field development. Balance of interests and minimizing of the contradictions between state, oil and gas companies and local communities in the oil and gas project activity define the progressive and balanced economic development of the new extracting region. The authors show the social and economic approaches for hydrocarbon field development taking into account the foreign experience of natural resources exploitation. The article also covers the questions related to the interaction between the state and oil and gas business and the creation of effective control strategy for hydrocarbon resources development in the new oil and gas extracting region.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In 2015, at a UN Summit, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted; it contains 17 sustainable development goals crucially important for any country in the world. The scientific significance of solving the problem of sustainable development consists in the urgent task to adapt the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to national conditions of different countries and to form a mechanism for their achievement in various economic sectors. Since the central place in the Agenda is devoted to food security and sustainable development of agriculture, we identify the possibility of applying the system of SDGs to promote further sustainable development of Russian agricultural sector. The main scientific idea and goal of the present paper is to determine national priorities in the field of sustainable development on the basis of meaningful analysis of the current state of the agri-food complex; besides we search for possible directions to adapt the global Agenda 2030 to Russian conditions so as to improve existing agriculture development strategies and programs, taking into consideration the UN SDGs...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article presents some analysis results of students’ self-preservation behavior that is based on the international multi-disciplinary research of university students’ health (in the case of the students who have a specialization in humanities), conducted in Poland and Russia in 2011. The paper is aimed at characterizing the system of students’ values and their influence on the development of self- preservation behavior. The article deals with the health and behavioral characteristics of students. The results of the international multi-disciplinary research allow the authors to suggest that the system of values have a significant influence on the self-preservation behavior of students.
Бесплатно
System prerequisites for economic recovery of Russia
Статья научная
In the latest issue of the Journal we informed our readers about the 7th International Conference “Strategy and Tactics of Socio-Economic Reforms” that was held in December 2015 in Vologda. The event was dedicated to the 25th anniversary of ISEDT RAS. Renowned Russian scientists, chief editors of social science publications and representatives of regional and local authorities delivered their reports at the plenary sessions of the conference. The report delivered by Sergei Gubanov, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Editor of the journal “Economist”, was considered to be of great interest by the conference participants. Here we outline the main provisions of the report* touching upon the key issues that would help resolve economic and social problems that Russia is facing at the current stage of its development.
Бесплатно
System-reflexive marketing in business management in the post-soviet space
Статья научная
The article presents the study results of market failures and the success of the enterprises of different forms of ownership in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. The main problems of marketing in the post-Soviet space are revealed. A new paradigm of systemic-reflexive marketing, generalizing the evolutionary development of marketing and strategic management is formed. The article demonstrates the advantages of the system-reflexive marketing implementation at the enterprise in order to solve many problems of modern business.
Бесплатно
Systemic crisis and the choice of the way of development for Russia
Статья научная
The article considers the reasons that led to the systemic crisis in the modern Russian economy, and highlights major factors that impede the transition to the innovation type of the country’s development. The article pays special attention to the losses caused by a comprador nature of the current economic system, and in particular - by its modification focused on export and raw materials. Besides, the article substantiates the author’s viewpoint that at present our country needs an economic system, which is ready for a new and comprehensive industrialization.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The subject of the paper is related to the need to eliminate the discrepancy between the theory of taxation in terms of forest management tax administration and forest resources rational use. The purpose of the paper is to present the results of the research on tax administration in the forest management system and its influence on the budgets of the Northern territories. Scientific novelty of the research consists of the development of the theory of tax administration in forest management and the determination of its impact on the budgets of the Northern territories: the concepts of “tax administration in forest management” and “tax potential of forest management” are specified; the necessity of highlighting the special role of tax administration in forest management in the forestry sector development programs is substantiated; the classification of fiscal payments in forest management is proposed; the criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management are defined. Theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fixing of urgent current problems of tax administration in forest management, interrelated with the management of forests in the Northern regions; the grouping of tax authorities’ control measures in the forest sector, which makes it possible to identify tax law violations systematically; the analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management and its influence on the budgets of Russian Northern territories (the case of the Republic of Komi); the analysis of domestic and foreign practices (USA, UK, Finland) of tax administration through information technologies; the systematization of problem areas of tax administration in the field of forest management in the Northern regions of Russia (geographical, infrastructure, socio-economic, organizational, information technology); the development of ways of improving tax administration of the forest usage in the Northern territories, based on the introduction of information technologies, state and public control over forest usage, and support services for taxpayers. The research methodology is based on the theories of taxation, environmental economics, and regional economics. To achieve the goal of the study, the methods of dynamic and static analysis of the effectiveness of tax administration in forest management were used. It allowed us to identify urgent problems.
Бесплатно
Taxation as the mechanism of regulation of the population's inequality
Статья научная
The article contains the analysis of the population’s taxation in the countries with the flat and the progressive rates of taxation. The information for the research was taken from the materials of periodical press concerning the subject of the research, and also federal and regional statistical data on wages, incomes and taxes paid by the population of the Vologda oblast were used. It was shown, that the redistributive mechanisms existing in Russia do not only reduce the population’s inequality, but to the opposite, promote its increase. The author offers the directions of adjustment of the mechanisms of redistribution.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The paper considers types of taxes on and payments for the use of natural resources and shows their volume and dynamics in Northern regions of Russia. We highlight tax policy in the system of natural resource management from the point of view of coordinating private and public interests and observing social and territorial justice. The goal of the paper is to present the findings of a research on the theory and practice of taxation in the system of environmental management and its impact on economic development in the Northern territories. The objectives are as follows: to determine the types of tax exemptions for the use of non-renewable natural resources, to reveal current problems in fiscal relations, to establish general principles of taxation of environmental management and to assess its effectiveness. Scientific novelty of our study consists in the fact that we assess imbalances in the system of economic federalism in terms of taxation and the excessive gap between the places of production and consumption of natural resource revenues...
Бесплатно
Taxation of digital services: theory, international practice and domestic prerequisites
Статья научная
Reforming corporate taxation taking into account customer value creation concept is a necessary stage in the transformation of the Russian tax system. It will help make it just and efficient in the context of the digital economy in which major IT corporations gain super profits from the use of big data and provision of digital services, the cost of which largely depends on the participation of customers. The goals of the present research are as follows: to substantiate theoretical prerequisites for increasing the tax burden on the companies that use big data as a factor of production, to identify trends and patterns in the modern stage of reforming the taxation of revenues resulting from the provision of digital services in foreign countries, and to substantiate the presence of potential for its application in Russia. In the course of our research we identify features of big data as a factor of production; they demonstrate the need for a special approach to the taxation of income from its use and are important for the identification of the object of taxation. In the light of the European tax reform aimed to create a fair and effective tax system in the digital economy we make an overview of the current practice of introducing digital services tax in the EU member states; we also consider some polemical provisions that require further research. Having analyzed the financial performance and tax burden of the largest IT companies Yandex N.V. and Mail.Ru Group for 2013-2018, we reveal the trend of outstripping growth of gross income and profit in comparison with the amount of tax paid. We also find out that the structure of income is dominated by the items falling under digital services taxation, as well as factors contributing to the reduction of the tax burden. We conclude that Russia has the potential to introduce digital services tax in the medium term.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In modern society, social media have become one of the main sources of information. Many local governments began working with the population on social media platforms after this requirement was legally established in December 2022. Without involving the population in the official information agenda, it is impossible to engage them in a constructive dialogue to identify and solve local problems. Due to the difference in experience, Internet communication skills, and time, municipalities cope with this task with varying degrees of success, which indicates a digital divide. The aim of the research is to develop methods for measuring the digital divide in the work of local government on social media using VKontakte social media platform as an example. To do this, the official pages of municipalities in VKontakte were identified, engagement indices were calculated, the influence of socio-economic and other factors on their values was accessed using regression models, and municipal structures were grouped according to the engagement index using cluster analysis. The study covers 615 settlements, 198 municipalities and okrugs of the Northwestern Federal District in the period from 2017 to 2022. The findings indicate that the use of the engagement index to measure the digital divide is practical only within reference groups. It is proved that the value of the engagement index is negatively affected by the number of population, community longevity, proximity to the regional center, and average wage. It is determined that the largest digital divide is typical for a group of settlements with a population of less than 4.1 thousand people. The proposed methods for assessing the digital divide can be used by communications policy administration to evaluate the performance of local governments on social media, build a scaled system of targets, search for best practices and prevent artificial overestimating of engagement levels.
Бесплатно
Technological development: investment structure impact
Статья научная
The study is aimed at determining the impact of a technology investment structure on changes in technological effectiveness of the economy that should be taken into account in the medium and long term. The research methodology includes structural and empirical analysis of the distribution of investment between new and old technologies, econometric models of technological level and investment in new and old technologies that have undergone a reasonable selection procedure according to the principle of best reliability; involves formulation of general principles and substantiation of technological development goals for the medium and long term. The technology structure determines potential of technological developmentanditsdynamics. It is based on realized medium- and long-term goals and search for responses to competitive challenges. The work results in confirmation of the investments structure influence on the overall level of technological effectiveness of the economy, different sensitivity of investment in new and old technologies to changes in risk and interest rates. For Russian economy the analysis of two sectors, particularly manufacturing and transactional raw materials ones, shows that with interest rates gone up, we observe faster decrease in investment in new technologies than those in old technologies, the level of manufacturability goes down as well. Therefore, the task of Russian economy technological renewal can be solved with regard to risk reduction measures in the manufacturing sector and application of differentiated interest rates in a sectoral perspective, ensuring its overall reduction. Using the taxonomic analysis method, the author identifies key models of technological development (at a theoretical level) according to characteristics of the structure of investment in new and old technologies. This helps specify economic policy measures in terms of the impact of investments distribution on the technological level, as well as their dynamics, that is, evaluate contribution of investments in various types of technologies to the overall rate of economic growth.
Бесплатно
Technological sovereignty projects as a tool for innovative development of the Russian economy
Статья научная
Currently, in the new geopolitical context and amid external restrictions imposed by the West, the achievement of technological sovereignty is becoming the most important feature of a new emerging development model for Russia. In this regard, there is a need to find new and most effective ways and tools to address this problem. Our work considers the issue of implementing the project approach and the transition to a full innovation cycle economy through the formation of technological sovereignty projects that are pointed out as the main tool for ensuring technological independence as stated in the Concept for Technological Development of the Russian Federation up to 2030. Special attention is paid to the development of scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of such a tool in the context of analyzing the existing accumulated experience in the implementation of projects of a full innovation cycle, primarily comprehensive scientific and technological programs and projects implemented in the light of the objectives contained in the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation adopted in 2016. We point out the importance of defining the boundaries of the full innovation cycle, which is interpreted by researchers in different ways. Since technological sovereignty projects are designed to turn into a tool for building their own reproduction chains, they should not end with the introduction of new technology; rather, they should enter mass production and contain a detailed investment component for the creation and reconstruction of production facilities. In this regard, we analyze the procedure for selecting priority areas for the development of technological sovereignty projects and their resource provision; we assess the effectiveness of state tools for supporting such projects; and propose measures to improve the organization of the process of formation and implementation of technological sovereignty projects. The implementation of the package of measures we put forward should help accelerate scientific and technological development and reduce Russia’s technological dependence.
Бесплатно
