Branch-wise economy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Optimization of carrier vehicles for the transportation of rotted straw
Статья научная
The use of roll technology in our country’s flax cultivation is hampered due to the lack of special transport. The article analyses and determines the volumes and legs of transporting rotted straw from fields to the Vologda oblast flax-processing plants; several perspective options for using technical means available at enterprises are proposed for transportation of flax rolls. Their influence on saving of time, fuel, and on labour productivity increase is shown.
Бесплатно
Organizational and economic mechanism of agriculture modernization
Статья научная
The article substantiates the preconditions for the modernization of Russian agriculture. The effectiveness of the authorities’ measures to stimulate the sector transfer to the intensive way of development is briefly described and evaluated. The article defines main disadvantages of the organizational and economic mechanism of the production modernization in the agricultural sector, consisting in different orientation of operations tools regulating the agrarian and industrial complex, absence of the accounting of climatic conditions and industry specialization. The methodological recommendations with regard to the allocation of budget support funds between different types of agricultural producers depending on their susceptibility to the use of scientific and technological progress are defined.
Бесплатно
Potential of technogenic mineral raw materials in Russia and the issues of its rational use
Статья научная
The increasing negative impact of mining waste on natural ecosystems often leads to their irreversible destruction, a trend that is gradually becoming global. The particular relevance of the research is explained, on the one hand, by the possibilities of minimization of specific volumes of formation of mining waste in all types of industries; on the other hand, by the possibilities of maximization of comprehensive use of their valuable components as secondary material resources on an economically rational basis and the possibilities of restoring the disturbed natural environment. The rational use of natural and technogenic mineral raw materials is greatly facilitated by the geological exploration and geological-economic evaluation of the resources, which requires the development of specific methodological approaches to the economic justification of resource estimation parameters for outlining and calculating the multicomponent commercial reserves of raw materials and separate valuable components in them...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article deals with the issues concerning Russia’s fuel and energy complex. It specifies the conceptual principles of the programme approach to the management of its development. The authors propose a list of activities on the sustainable development of small oil business in the framework of strategic programming. A conceptual model of an economic mechanism of strategic management of small oil business in Russia is presented in the article.
Бесплатно
Problems of agri-food sector in the Pechoran arctic region
Статья научная
The article shows the significance of providing people with fresh products in the development of mineral resources base in the Arctic subregion of the European North-East. The article describes the environmental conditions of the region, analyses the labor and agricultural resources. It reveals the forms of business ownership and their place in the production of certain types of goods. The article shows the influence of 1990 - 2000 transformation processes on agricultural production dynamics and the state of the industry’s production capabilities. Analytical data allowed to reveal present-day social and economic problems of the agrarian sector that are connected with macroeconomic and inter-sectoral deformation.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Priority development areas (PDA) may serve as a basis for entrepreneurship development in tourism, creating a more competitive environment for entrepreneurial activities in relation to similar territories in the Pacific Rim. The key principles of these territories are radical deregulation and massive tax incentives. The process of creating priority development areas plays depends on the coordination of all members of the alliance which includes Federal government and business units. The purpose for the present study is to develop a mechanism of tourism cluster functioning in priority development areas through public and private sector entrepreneurship. In the framework of the set purpose the following objectives are fulfilled: the authors analyze the legislation of priority development areas; assess the current state of tourism and tourism infrastructure; develop a mechanism of tourism cluster functioning in priority development areas through one of the forms of public and private sector entrepreneurship - public franchising...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article dwells on the current state of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the mechanism of public participation in forest management. The examples of addressing the problems of public participation in forest management in individual regions are disclosed. The article deals with the issues concerning the provision of in-interests of the local population through the voluntary forest certification system under the FSC scheme. Recommendations on improving the mechanism of public participation in solving the forest management issues are suggested.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between fragmentized collective forestland, farmers investment and forest commodity output to examine the rationality of collective forest right reform after dispersed forestland operation. The data is based on the 2420 farmers’ survey data in nine provinces of China including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Henan, Shandong and Liaoning. The results show that if S index is used, fragmentized forestland reaches 0.41 and can be ordered (from high to low) as Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Liaoning, Sichuan, Fujian, Guangxi and Shandong. Under certain fragmentized intervals (forestland fragmentized ratio lower than 0.22 or higher than 0.51), the higher the forestland fragmentized, the lower the farmers investment. The investment-output model indicates that forest block reflects the negative impacts to forest output while other variables such as labor, tangible inputs and forestland have positive impacts. When bamboo is produced, level of fragmentation has negative impacts on forestland acreage and significant positive impacts on labor used. The study implies that after the land is divided to households, physical investment is the key factor to affect the commodity output and should be considered by the related policies to increase the incentives of farmers. Based on this study, we provide some information and guidance on policy of farmers’ forestland operation in large scale.
Бесплатно
Russia's defense industry modernization: learning from history
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the issue of the defense industry complex modernization as a key direction in the strategy of strengthening Russia’s national security and ensuring its sustainable economic development, increasing its performance and competitiveness. It analyzes the historical experience of creating and using the science and technology potential of the USSR defense industry.
Бесплатно
Sectoral and territorial specifics of value-added chains in Russia: the input-output approach
Статья научная
This paper shows the growing role of domestic demand in the development of the modern economy. We consider the capacity of domestic markets of the largest countries of the world. We prove that the low volume of domestic demand inhibits economic dynamics and worsens the quality of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. We consider that a promising direction for expanding domestic consumer and investment demand is the implementation of state policy to increase the incomes of the population, companies and the state in the framework of lengthening their own value-added chains that produce goods and services for final use. In this regard, the goal of this study is to analyze the existing value-added chains, assess the degree of their fragmentation, sectoral and territorial specifics. The input-output theory serves as a methodological basis for our study. The information source is represented by basic input-output tables and the data of the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System. The novelty of the research consists in adjusting the multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of fragmentation of production to suit the needs of the regional level and in identifying modern patterns in the functioning of Russian value-added chains on the basis of the approbation of the approach on the materials of Russian regions. According to the results of the calculations we reveal the average position of 125 branches of the Russian economy in the supply and sales chains. We substantiate the degree of fragmentation of production chains of various industries; we substantiate the factors that determine the length of a production process. We calculate the average distance along the sales chain, which the goods cover to the moment of their use by the end consumer. We consider regional fragmentation of production in Russia. We reveal a number of statistically significant dependencies between the position of regions in the value-added chains and their socio-economic development performance.
Бесплатно
Spatial aspects of electric power industry development in Russia's European North
Статья научная
The article deals with the Karelian-Kola and Dvina-Pechora parts of the electric power system located in Russia’s European North (REN) as the structures of trans-regional level. A comparative system analysis of these objects revealed their common and distinctive features, and the problems of their spatial organization. As a result, important factors of enhancing integration ties have been determined. Besides, the article highlights the main directions of spatial development of REN power supply system.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The specifics of agricultural development management in the remote northern territories should be always taken into consideration; otherwise modernization processes in the agricultural sector would be impeded. The article defines the concept of agriculture modernization and highlights its necessity. It reveals the peculiarities, opportunities and limitations of technological and socio-economic development of agriculture in the peripheral northern rural territories of the Komi Republic. The article studies agriculture modernization for the period of the 1960s-1980s, and under market reforms. It shows the impact of market reforms on the change of economic and social conditions of agriculture in the peripheral areas of the northern region. For stimulating agricultural production modernization, the authors propose a target-programme method of managing the agriculture in peripheral territories.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity of modernization and the role of highly qualified personnel in the technological and socio-economic development of the agrarian sector in the Komi Republic. The article considers the provision of agriculture with personnel in the pre-reform period and describes the current situation concerning the professional level of managers, specialists of agricultural enterprises and workers of mass professions. The factors impeding the retaining of personnel in rural areas have been revealed. Besides, the article proposes a set of managerial, organizational and economic measures for the staffing of modernization and innovation development of agricultural production.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article discusses the current state and the main trends in the development of agriculture (on the example of agricultural enterprises in the Vologda Oblast). Nowadays there is a trend of decline in the production of basic agricultural products. The insufficient financing of agricultural enterprises is one of the key reasons for this situation. Internal and external sources of funding can be such tools. As world practice shows, the largest share in the funds, which are at the disposal of agricultural enterprises, accounts for direct budgetary financing. However, in the Russian Federation there is another trend: over the last decades there is noticeable reduction in direct state support of agricultural producers. In addition, in the framework of Russia's accession to the WTO there will be further decline in such support and simultaneous transfer of financial burden onto agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the government faces an acute problem of planning and forecasting volumes of state support and earnings of agricultural enterprises...
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The main goal of the present study is to consider the specifics of current state and strategic management of development of enterprises within the military-industrial complex in the dynamic environment of the global market and determine the most effective ways of their development on the example of Russian helicopter industry. Methodology and tools of the study are based on the comparison and comparative evaluation of major Russian and foreign corporations engaged in development and production of helicopters. The authors analyze current state and strategic management of the helicopter industry on the basis of information available in the public domain. The source of the main problems of functioning of military-industrial complex enterprises, in particular, in the helicopter industry, can be found in the specifics of strategic management of its development, which is determined by major holdings under the close supervision of the government. One of the most important ways to develop enterprises of this industry is to diversify civil production in order to increase the output and improve the financial situation and, on the other hand, to reduce the dependence of enterprises on the state defense order...
Бесплатно
Strengthening the tourism appeal of Russian territories: current trends and management practices
Статья научная
The article is devoted to an acute issue of regional governance - the development of tourism appeal of Russian territories. The article discusses the concept of “tourism appeal”, substantiates the author's viewpoint in relation to its content. The research methods by the author include document analysis and the sociological survey of experts (heads of local authorities). Statistical and sociological data served as the basis for determining the specifics and problems of tourism development in the Russian Federation reflected in the objective and subjective indicators of tourism infrastructure performance. The article determines the malfunctions of modern management practices in tourism development in the Russian Federation; it also reveals the main problems related to the implementation of program-target management methods in modern government and regional policy. The authors make a conclusion that the implementation of program-target methods of development of the tourism appeal of territories is associated with a number of drawbacks that limit their effectiveness; they distinguish the following main problems that emerge in the implementation of the federal target program “Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2018)”: financial risks; the declarative principle of selection of regions for participation in the federal target program; focus on the achievement of economic indicators - these problems make it difficult to assess the long-term prospects of aspects of tourism appeal such as the creation and/or development of unique tourist attractions, the image of a territory, high threshold values of co-financing of expenditure obligations to implement the programs for regional budgets...
Бесплатно
Structural changes in the economy: searching for sectoral drivers of growth
Статья научная
In the conditions of a system-wide economic crisis and destabilization of the external environment, the economy of the Russian Federation and its regions is experiencing structural limitations, which are associated with its imbalance. As a result, domestic demand for manufactured products is reducing; such a situation does not encourage enterprises to increase their output. This makes it necessary to search for the ways to eliminate structural disproportions and provide economic growth in modern economic conditions. One of such ways is to promote sectoral drivers of growth, that is, those industries and sectors of the national economy, the increase in demand for products in which has a significant positive impact on the economy. In this regard, the goal of this article is to identify and scientifically substantiate the need to stimulate the production of goods and services in economic sectors so as to promote structural changes in the economy at the national and regional levels. In this study, we consider mechanical engineering, information and communication technologies and tourism as drivers, which have a large multiplier effect and contribute to economic growth. The article assesses the consequences of stimulating the selected sectors of the economy in the context of structural changes both at the nationwide level and in the territorial context; this provision forms the scientific novelty of the study. The findings of the study reveal problems in development of mechanical engineering, information and communication technologies and tourism, confirm the importance of their development for the economy; the importance is expressed in a significant increase in the main economic indicators due to the increase in the production of goods and services. We use general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, and the tools based on the input-output methodology. In the future, we plan to continue our work aimed at determining the correspondence of the parameters of development of these sectors contained in the strategic documents and the results obtained in the study for a deeper understanding of the problems of structural adjustment of the economy.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The research subject in the article is the correlation between evaluation indicators of primary energy resources in the fuel and energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District of the country. The purpose for the study is to evaluate the primary energy resources of the fuel and energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District in terms of economic, technological, energy, social, and environmental parameters with the use of balanced scorecard (BSC) for sustainable development of the sector in the Northwestern Federal District as a whole. Methods. The article proposes the methodology for territorial decomposition of the balanced scorecard for evaluating primary energy resources in the Northwestern Federal District. The region's balanced scorecard decomposition of evaluation of primary energy resources in the case of the Arkhangelsk Oblast fuel and energy sector, including Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is determined; the authors identify the degree of stability of the fuel land energy sector in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, according to the following parameters of sustainable development of the energy sector in the Northwestern Federal District: economic, technological, energy, social, environmental...
Бесплатно
The agricultural sector of the Pechora-Ural North
Статья научная
The article reveals the rural sector’s role in food supply of the population of the Komi Republic arctic and subarctic territories (the Pechora-Ural North). It considers conditions, analyses resources, organizational-legal management forms in agricultural production. The study indicates the agriculture status in the pre-reform (1960-1980) and market upgrade periods (since 1992) and the reforms’ impact on socio-economic processes in the industry. The article investigates obstacles to the agricultural sector development. It proposes development directions of reindeer and cattle breeding. It recommends to accelerate the development and adoption of the law “On reindeer breeding in the Russian Federation”, a federal target program for the reindeer breeding development, and it also proposes to enhance inter-regional relations in the field of joint systems of pastures control. The research highlights the necessity to strengthen the material and technological base of the dual purpose cattle breeding, to increase financial support of traditional Northern branches.
Бесплатно
The current state and specifics of small business development in Russia
Статья научная
The formation of the small business sector is one of the most promising areas of the country's socio-economic development. In this regard, assessing formation dynamics and determining the problems and areas of development of the sector is of particular relevance. The purpose for the research is to analyze the current state and identify the peculiarities of small business development in Russia. To achieve this purpose the following statistical research methods have been used: data summary and grouping, calculation of integrative indicators (absolute, relative values), construction of dynamics series. The author also used general scientific methods such as generalization, induction, analysis and synthesis, etc. Based on statistical data with the use of these methods, the author analyzed tendencies of small businesses development in the context of indicators characterizing the dynamics of a number of small enterprises and their territorial distribution, sectoral structure, employment in the small business sector, enterprise financial and economic activity, their lending, etc...
Бесплатно
