Branch-wise economy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Статья научная
The authors performed critical analysis of 26 strategic and program documents of federal and regional significance, governing the development of tourism, to allocate problems and targets of the development of tourism and risks of realization of the tourism development programs. The authors used scoring and expert evaluation methods to develop the technique, which estimates the elaboration of strategic and policy documents governing the development of tourism. The developed technique is used for evaluation of strategic and program documents of the northern regions of Russia. The guidelines for the establishment of regional tourism development programs are given.
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Evaluation of water bioresources management efficiency in domestic fishing industry
Статья научная
Efficient use of natural resources is an integral part of sustainable development. Resource management efficiency criteria should cover all components of sustainable development: economic, environmental and social. The purpose for the study is to assess the possibility of applying tools for measuring natural resources management efficiency in relation to water biological resources. The most developed are methodological approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of resource management. Despite the importance of environmental assessment and the availability of the methodological framework, there still remain some gaps in data availability for analyzing the impact of the fishing industry on the environment. The specific features of natural resources extraction and processing are particularly evident in indicators of environmental efficiency of resource saving. The paper substantiates the importance of taking into account emissions of water bioresources, unreported fishing, technological losses in assessing water bioresources management efficiency...
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Financial situation in regional energy supply
Статья научная
It is important to monitor the financial condition of energy supply organizations in regional management and development of energy infrastructure. This condition depends on economic factors, tariff regulation and budget subsidies. The article presents indicators of aggregated financial statistics on energy supply in the regions of Russia's European North. For the purpose of comparative analysis, the author formed a comprehensive indicator of financial stability and evaluated trends in the dynamics of past due debt and profitability. The analysis shows the following sectoral and regional characteristics: the financial situation in the electric power sector is relatively stable, but it is unsatisfactory in heat supply; the increase in negative trends, such as the decrease in repayment ability, low and negative profitability, and the accumulation of considerable arrears. Financial instability becomes a system-wide characteristic of heat supply. It is necessary to introduce a multi-step process of financial recovery of the industry as a whole...
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity to change the role of the state in technological and socio-economic development of the agricultural sector. The author considers the forms and methods of state regulation and analyses the current budget support provided to agriculture; he highlights its drawbacks with regard to sub-arctic and arctic territories of the Republic of Komi. The article shows the influence of state support on the farmers' level of income and identifies modernization risks and threats under Russia's WTO membership. The author proposes measures to improve state support of the agrarian sector and change the adverse conditions of its functioning. He substantiates the approach that helps improve the state regulation of the agrarian sector in the framework of regional and municipal programs for rural development.
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Increasing the competitiveness of preserved milk products on the food market
Статья научная
The article deals with the assessment of the product quality of some milk canneries in the Vologda, Belgorod, Moscow, Smolensk Oblasts, etc. It shows that the quality of Sukhonsky Dairy Plant's products is the best one. Most consumers trust just these products. Respondents' preferences have been revealed by the survey; they allow the authors to draw a conclusion about the characteristics of a competitive product that should be considered when designing new kinds of canned sweetened condensed milk.
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Industrial policy as a tool of neo-industrialization of regional industrial systems
Статья научная
The article describes the essence of neo-industrialization of an economy as an alternative to the establishment of a post-industrial economy. It substantiates the three stages of industrial policy, aimed at neo-industrialization of the economy in the Ural region taking into account the characteristics of its industrial system. A special importance is attached to clusters as market institutions of implementing the regional industrial policy.
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Industry characteristics of investment processes in the northwestern federal district
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The paper determines the relationship between the region’s investment activity1 and the structural features of the economy (in terms of the types of economic activity). The presence of holding structures interests in the region can contribute to the depletion of the region’s financial resources. The solution requires the relations between state authorities and business structures to be settled. The information base for research comprises the works of national economists, statistical yearbooks, published by the Federal Statistics Service. Statistical analysis methods are applied to substantiate the results.
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Статья научная
The article considers the implementation of innovation technologies in dairy livestock breeding as the main factor enhancing the production competitiveness in the conditions of Russia’s accession to the WTO and the establishment of the Customs Union. The article also reviews the capabilities of innovation technologies in achieving the target production indicators on the one hand (enhancement of manageability, cost reduction, improvement of production quality, increase of the period of productive use of cows), and in minimizing the influence of human factor on the final results, on the other hand. The indicators of production and economic efficiency at the innovation farms of the Vologda and Leningrad oblasts have been analysed.
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Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in Vologodsky district
Статья научная
Using an example of farms located in Vologodsky District, the article reveals the state of affairs and the ways of modernization concerning dairy cattle husbandry, which is the Vologda Oblast’s leading branch of agroindustrial complex. The basis for modernization includes innovations in breeding, fodder production, feeding and milking technologies, loose cow housing, personnel training, optimal work organization at dairy farms and complexes, improvement of the quality of raw milk. All these factors promote the intensive development and competitiveness of the region’s agricultural organizations.
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Investment process financing in Russian business: assessment, trends, problems
Статья научная
In modern conditions the provision of investment process financing is the most important task of state economic policy aimed at achieving sustainable growth and dynamic development of the Russian economy in general. This problem solution requires further theoretical consideration and development of appropriate methodological, methodical and practical recommendations. Financing of investment activity development should be based on the systemic approach, which considers this process as an element of the financial support system of the state innovation development. It is necessary to conduct research in order to expand the financial component of this support, encourage the investment process development, enhance financial relations in the sphere of forming and using the intellectual property objects and develop a complex of measures to study the innovations implementation possibilities. Although economic science pays a lot of attention to various aspects of the issue, there is currently no research work, devoted to the study of sources of the investment process financing...
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Статья научная
The forest sector is a key sector in the Russian economy. The existing demand for forest products on the part of domestic and foreign consumers contributes to a steady increase in the volume of logging. At the same time the restoration of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Detailed elaboration of this issue is a critical factor in maintaining the trend of enhancing the economic performance of the forest complex in the long term, on the one hand, and in ensuring environmental safety, on the other hand. In Russia the task of reforestation is mainly delegated to the tenants of forest plots. Today the problem of strengthening their interest in ensuring the quality of the works they perform is of great importance. The main goal of the study, the findings of which are presented in our paper, is to determine the mechanisms of formation of tenant behavior models that affect decision-making on the implementation of reforestation. We use methods such as system approach, analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, classification and systematization...
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Статья научная
Analysis of the List of Orders of the Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin has shown that many priority challenges of the fishing industry development, including promotion of fish production with a high degree of processing and its exports have not been solved. Analysis of exports of cod, haddock and saithe from Russia (Murmansk Oblast) and Norway proves that there is a wider range of products from Norway with high added value. The unit cost of the same products from Norway is also significantly higher. The consequence of these factors is the low unit cost of Russian exports, compared to Norwegian. For 2009-2013 the average unit cost of cod is lower by 2.66 US dollars (47.9%), of haddock - by 0.23 US dollars (10.6%). The article estimates foreign currency revenues, which were not fully received due to the reasons mentioned above. The author points out key directions of increase of economic efficiency of Russian exports of cod, haddock and saithe: 1. Change in the access of economic agents to marketable resources by stimulating the obtainment of larger quotas of biological resources at the expense of profit ratio...
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Статья научная
Development of companies should aim to increase their value; it is provided by applying the concept of value-based management. This approach can also be the basis for the growth of the value of integrated companies or groups, strategic projects and economic sectors. The mineral resources sector is characterized by a high level of vertical integration, and its own effect of technological, economic and institutional factors that determine the value of mineral assets and products. Assessment of value of the projects of the sectoral level can be carried out with the application of the concept of added value and value chains designed on this basis. The aim of the present research is to substantiate scientifically an approach to assessing the project for establishing the tin industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan taking into account the concept of value added. We use the following research methods: comparative analysis, system approach, strategic analysis, and managerial decision-making methods...
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Статья научная
Globalization of the economy and increased competition leads to the need to strengthen the functions of the Russian government to ensure food security of the country and, accordingly, the consolidation of mechanisms of state regulation of agricultural economy and food markets. The importance of solving the problems of information security, a high degree of reliability of the information provided by the Government of the relevant statistical authorities is growing. The relevance of obtaining high-quality statistical information for the adoption of timely and informed decisions by the government on the management of the national economy has increased significantly during the period of political and economic confrontation between Russia and the West in terms of sanctions and counter-sanctions. Taking fishing industry and its product - the water biological resources - as an example, the author of the present study carried out a structural analysis of the methodology for composing the balance of fish and fish products to determine the per capita level of consumption, described the different approaches to assessing the level of consumption of water biological resources, structured export indicators of water biological resources gathered from various official sources, on the basis of which the author revealed significant differences in the assessment of the situation...
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Methodological aspects of governing residential solid waste management sphere
Статья научная
The article is based on the results of our research on government regulation of waste treatment. The goal of the first phase of the study is to substantiate methodological provisions on arranging residential solid waste management in the region (municipality). Informational and empirical base of the research was formed with the use of the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, materials of monographs, surveys on environmental policy in foreign countries, publications in periodicals, information presented on official websites of enterprises and state and municipal authorities, as well as the data that we obtained while analyzing the situation and making observations. The object of the research is organization of residential solid waste management. Our working hypothesis that we prove is the thesis that state regulation mechanisms dominate in managing the development of waste treatment sphere and that there is a possibility of limited admission of market self-regulation tools managing residential solid waste treatment in the region (municipality)...
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Статья научная
The article deals with the issues of territorial planning in tourism sphere. It characterizes the concept of ‘cluster’, identifies the purposes of its creation and its main elements. Besides, the article investigates the possibility of creating a tourism and recreation cluster on the territory of Zaonezhye in the Republic of Karelia. It also provides a simplified cluster model and identifies its main features. Moreover, the barriers impeding the creation of the cluster are defined, and measures for their elimination are proposed here.
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Статья научная
In the rapidly changing conditions of the current technological paradigm new methodological approaches are required to assess effective management using modern digital tools (digital twins) that help to increase the quality and efficiency of economic processes to make timely and balanced management decisions. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing scenarios for the development of the tourism industry in Kamchatka Krai on the basis of digital twin technology. Scientific novelty of the proposed methodology is the use of structural and situational dynamics methods with the involvement of data processing statistical methods in AnyLogic environment. The developed model is a modern digital tool that helps to convert a set of diverse data into a timely and balanced management decision based on an understanding of the current state of the industry and the prospects for its development. The theoretical significance lies in the scientific justification of the digital twin concepts and their application in simulation modeling in relation to the tourism industry. The practical significance is that the digital twin allows simulating different scenarios of Kamchatka Krai tourism industry development, thereby reducing the number of routine business processes and the influence of human factor on the quality of service. Using the assessment results, we have identified optimal scenarios for the development of the tourism industry in Kamchatka Krai, its bottlenecks, and determined that the introduction of scenario simulation modeling will regularly calculate the basis the tourist expenses and, consequently, the tourist industry income, and through multipliers - the regional budget income, and other integral indicators to improve the competitiveness of the tourism industry in the region. In contrast to the traditional analytics of processes based on tables and linear dependence, the developed digital twin makes it possible to observe the detailed behavior of the system in time, to keep track of tourist preferences and the capacity of tourist attraction points, to give recommendations on the placement of new objects. The obtained results can be used in the formation of proposals for the development of the tourism industry, and the monitoring of its condition and efficiency.
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Статья научная
The formation of a rational transport network and the development of vehicles should be marked by the achievement of socio-territorial justice, which is understood as a guarantee of transport accessibility of social services, increase and economy of man’s free time, reduction in the degree of uncertainty of economic activity in the part that depends on transport factors. According to the author, the priorities of the assessment of transport security include the duration of the trip from the settlements to the centers of social services and year-round transportation. Each type of social services has normative values of transport accessibility, corresponding to the needs of a particular region, and they are the basis for strategic planning in the services sector. For instance, the standard time for provision of emergency medical aid is 40 minutes. The level of transport discrimination is defined as the proportion of the population living outside the standard time. The author proposes a formula for determining the weighted average costs of time that a transport user needs for reaching a certain destination (e.g., hospital, school, etc.) from any other departure point...
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Modelling of food security in the region
Статья научная
The article considers indicators that can be used for evaluating the condition of food security in the region. Taking into consideration the approaches existing in scientific literature, the authors have substantiated optimal and critical values of the ratios of sufficiency of consumption and affordability of food. Statistical data on the Vologda Oblast have been processed and on this basis the economic-mathematical models have been built, which reflect the influence of various factors on food security. The authors have determined that the main factors include the per capita volume of import and domestic production of food, the level of intensity of agriculture and economic activity of population, and the proportion of residents with incomes below the subsistence level. Trend models have been composed for each of the factor variables; these models, with the help of extrapolation method, have been used for calculating forecast values and determining the parameters of the coefficients of sufficiency of consumption and economic affordability of food. The revealed relationships have helped identify key areas of regional policy that contribute to improvement of food security in the Vologda Oblast.
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Статья научная
Investigating models for adapting foreign economic activity of Russian companies to the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries is relevant, since it is necessary to form approaches to obtaining data on trends and priority strategies for overcoming negative consequences in the current situation. The aim of the work is to assess trends in the use of models that help to adjust foreign economic activity of Russian companies to the sanctions pressure. Research methodology is based on economic analysis methods; application of foreign economic activity adaptation models is reflected using objective indicators that characterize the dynamics of revenue, net profit and investments of companies after the application of restrictions in connection with the economic sanctions of unfriendly countries. The research findings indicate that the inability to replace a large number of raw materials included in the value-added chain has maintained the level of demand for export goods and formed a high motivation for mediation in foreign economic transactions, which made it possible for Russian companies to implement an adaptive export switching model. Adaptation to import restrictions, based on differentiated high-value goods, is carried out bypassing sanctions by companies from unfriendly countries due to the lack of alternative sales markets. Despite the generally favorable position of Russian companies, about a third of enterprises were unable to successfully reorient product sales to new international destinations, which led to a reduction in revenue by the end of 2023. Also, about a third of the companies that showed revenue growth compared to 2021 experienced a reduction in financial performance, which indirectly indicates an increase in costs due to the use of the import switching model. Although the import figures show a pre-crisis level in general, the cost of imports has increased significantly, due to the complexity of logistics and the formation of a chain of intermediaries. Data on the use of the adaptation model of international cooperation show that large enterprises do not use this mechanism due to the risks of secondary sanctions for foreign partners. The findings contribute to the methodology for studying models of companies’ adaptation to sanctions pressure by forming methodological foundations for determining the directions to adjust foreign economic activity based on the current system of statistical observation. The developed methodological foundations, along with survey methods for obtaining information related to models for Russian companies’ adaptation to sanctions, can be used to monitor the identified issues and verify research on relevant topics.
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