Branch-wise economy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Determinants of innovation activity of Russian pharmaceutical manufacturers
Scientific article
The article presents the findings of an empirical study on the main determinants of innovation activity of Russian pharmaceutical manufacturers. We substantiate the application of two indicators that characterize innovation activity of pharmaceutical manufacturers: the first is the ratio of the number of the organization’s proprietary intellectual property objects to those used under license; the second is the number of studies conducted by pharmaceutical manufacturers for original and reproduced medicines. Two-dimensional cluster analysis (the k-means clustering, excluding repetitions, using Euclidean distances) is used to classify enterprises as innovation-active. We highlight major factors influencing innovation activity of pharmaceutical manufacturers directly on the basis of the content analysis of Russian and foreign scientific works published on this topic. We analyze the selected determinants using statistical and econometric tools. The following statistical criteria are applied: Pearson’s chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test for qualitative (dichotomous) indicators, as well as Student’s t-test and the Mann - Whitney test to analyze quantitative indicators. Using discriminant analysis of the main determinants of innovation activity of Russian pharmaceutical enterprises we reveal the most significant determinants, primarily those that directly characterize the size of industrial enterprises. Additionally, we prove that widespread processes such as mergers and acquisitions of pharmaceutical manufacturers contribute to the possibility of accumulating resources necessary for innovation development of pharmaceutical manufacturers; however, these processes have certain negative effects associated with an increase in the oligopolization of pharmaceutical markets.
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Scientific article
The paper proposes our own methodological approach based on the data of financial statements of agricultural organizations and allowing us to assess the impact of taxation regimes on the results of their activities. The subject of the study is the system of statistical indicators of agricultural organizations characterizing the level of economic production. The aim of the work is to substantiate the architecture of the tax incentive system for the industry, as well as to design further directions for the development of tax support for agriculture. Research methods include typical grouping, machine learning models (decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting). As a result, the methodological approach was tested and significant differences in the performance indicators of agricultural organizations depending on the choice of taxation systems were substantiated, and net profit forecasting models were built for each of them. The constructed models allow us to identify the nature of the influence of tax factors on the performance of agricultural entities. Recommendations for improving the system of tax incentives for the industry are presented. The developed methodological approach helps to assess the differences in taxation systems using the grouping method and machine learning methods, as well as to build high-quality forecasting models. The scientific novelty of the study consists in developing a set of proposals for improving tax incentives for the industry, taking into account (1) the optimal architecture of the tax support system at the macro level and (2) systemic problems of applying industry tax incentives at the micro level. Proof of the optimality of the architecture of the tax incentive system for agriculture was revealed using our methodology for assessing the impact of the tax regime on the performance indicators of agricultural producers, based on the use of machine learning methods
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Scientific article
Currently, the world community is united in the problems of sustainable development of territories and enterprises, achieving carbon neutrality and transition to environmentally friendly forms of energy. An important element in solving these problems is the greening of public and personal transport, the motive power of which is based on high-power batteries. At the same time, the key component in batteries is lithium, which has already received large-scale use in a number of high-tech industries. Despite the fact that Russia ranks 14th according to lithium reserves, with about 1 million tons (0.95%) in its territory, lithium is not mined in the Russian Federation, and until 2022 the raw material was imported from Latin American countries. Rising prices for lithium, as well as a growing demand from electric car manufacturers, have increased interest in development of lithium projects among Russian companies such as Rosatom, Gazprom and Norilsk Nickel. In China, on the contrary, lithium production has increased 103-fold over the past 30 years - from 320 thousand tons in 1994 to 33 million tons by 2023, and the share of China in global production has increased by 13 percentage points, from 5.2 to 18.3%. Jiangxi Province can be considered the richest province, with large reserves of lithium minerals. This article aims to elaborate on conceptual directions for lithium production development in Russia and China as a key industry in transition to a green economy and achieving carbon neutrality. The information base for the research includes publications of domestic and foreign authors on the following issues: greening of global industry; reducing carbon footprint; features of lithium mining and production, as well as its use in electric vehicles. When writing the article, scientific methods such as comparative analysis and generalization, analysis and processing of statistical data were used
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Scientific article
The relevance of this study stems from the fact that globalization – accompanied by the penetration of information and communication technologies and the internet into production and social processes, the opening up of new pioneer regions, and the COVID-19 pandemic – has triggered a catalytic reaction that is turning digital technologies into the main driving force of scientific and technological progress. One of the sectors affected by digitalization is the fuel and energy complex, particularly oil and natural gas extraction enterprises. In the Russian Arctic, digitalization has become a strategic priority for development. Hence the aim of this study: to characterize digitalization as a strategic direction for the development of oil and gas companies operating in the Russian Arctic. To achieve this aim, the following methods were employed: analytical method, content analysis of digitalization strategies and practices, expert interviews, and a comparative descriptive analysis of the authors' own experience. The scientific novelty of the study lies in providing a more detailed characterization of the drivers of, and barriers to, the development of digital technologies in the Russian Arctic; in revealing how these drivers and barriers influence one another; and in firmly establishing digitalization as a strategic development path for oil and natural gas companies active in the region. The objective facts and subjective assessments presented in the paper highlight the need to deploy and refine digital technologies in the interests of effective and safe resource management in the Arctic. From a practical standpoint, the article's materials will be useful to strategic planning specialists and to experts working on import substitution and on ensuring Russia's technological sovereignty. A promising avenue for further research could be to systematize and classify the experience of digitalization in Russian and foreign energy companies, quantifying the effects of introducing such technologies under Arctic conditions and identifying the infrastructure requirements this entails.
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Scientific article
The chemical industry in Russia is of great importance for industrial production, agriculture and the consumer sector. This industry in the Russian Federation has a rather low share in GDP (less than 2%), and produces goods with relatively low added value: mineral fertilizers, nitrogen compounds, plastics, synthetic resins and rubbers. The chemical industry is characterized by imports consistently prevailing over exports. Thus, for 2013-2020 average excess of imports over exports in value terms was 62.6% or 16.3 billion US dollars. Mineral fertilizers occupy a key share (44.1%) in the structure of chemical exports, producing revenues of about 64.2 billion US dollars over eight years. While the bulk of imports fell on pharmaceutical products (39.2%) with a total volume of purchases amounting to 91.2 billion US dollars. Significant reduction in the average cost of an export ton of chemical products by 40% to 324 US dollars became a negative trend in foreign trade. The aim of the work is to identify key trends in foreign trade in Russian chemical industry products, which will become an information and analytical base to work out and adopt strategic decisions aimed at the development of the industry based on the principles of import substitution and deepening processing. The object is the relations that arise between the Russian Federation and foreign countries regarding export and import of chemical products. We use methods such as comparative, dynamic and specific weight analysis, and systematization. The information base includes data from the Federal Customs Service on export-import activities of the Russian chemical industry; Russian and foreign literature on the functioning of the industry under sanctions; data from information, news and analytical agencies.
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Scientific article
The article examines regional peculiarities of the local market formation of fruit and berry production in the Russian North from the theoretic perspective of new economic geography. It examines modern market development trends, presents the economic estimation of the market development potential of fruit and berry production in the regions of the European North of the Russian Federation.
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Scientific article
Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization provides the domestic agribusiness with a fundamentally new economic and organizational-legal business environment. The article analyzes the financial condition of agricultural organizations in the Vologda Oblast, indicates increasing acuity of the problems in the industry and identifies the economic risks for the agricultural commodity producers of the northern region in the context of Russia’s membership in WTO. It substantiates the top priority measures to improve the financial sustainability of agricultural organizations and the need for changes in the mechanism of state support for the industry.
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Engineering and siting of new industries in the Komi Republic (experimental approach)
Scientific article
The socio-economic development of the Komi Republic largely depends on timely structural transformation of production based on innovative technologies and the territorial organization of the economy relative to the northern environmental conditions. In this context, the background and prospects of an experimental scientific approach to the development and processing of mineral and biological resources are considered. The enterprises that have played a driving role in solving technical problems relevant to the country and in developing new research areas in the past are highlighted. Syktyvkar pilot shipbuilding yard has developed a technique for timber bundling and lifting sunken timber from the river-bed. Ukhta radiochemical plant in Vodny village was the only enterprise in the world where radium was isolated from mineralized groundwater; in fact, radiogeochemistry of groundwater originated here. At the Yarega oil and titanium deposit, thermoshaft extraction of the heavy high-viscosity oil was used for the first time and an attempt is being made to extract titanium from complex ores. The future of the republic’s economy is connected with the development and implementation of technologies for hydrocarbon chemistry, physico-chemical geotechnology, and organic chemistry. It is proposed to create experimental scientific enterprises and site them according to the issues of the Pechersk coal basin, the Arctic Ural and the Sysolo-Vychegodsky forest economic region. To successfully resolve these issues, a national-economy approach is required, in which the key driver of new industries development is a government order for programs and projects of a full investment cycle, including enterprise institutions. The novelty of the presented research lies in the development of methods for introducing scientific results into the practical economic activity by combining experimental scientific and common economic activities, taking into account the environmental conditions of the northern and arctic territories
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Scientific article
The authors performed critical analysis of 26 strategic and program documents of federal and regional significance, governing the development of tourism, to allocate problems and targets of the development of tourism and risks of realization of the tourism development programs. The authors used scoring and expert evaluation methods to develop the technique, which estimates the elaboration of strategic and policy documents governing the development of tourism. The developed technique is used for evaluation of strategic and program documents of the northern regions of Russia. The guidelines for the establishment of regional tourism development programs are given.
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Evaluation of water bioresources management efficiency in domestic fishing industry
Scientific article
Efficient use of natural resources is an integral part of sustainable development. Resource management efficiency criteria should cover all components of sustainable development: economic, environmental and social. The purpose for the study is to assess the possibility of applying tools for measuring natural resources management efficiency in relation to water biological resources. The most developed are methodological approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of resource management. Despite the importance of environmental assessment and the availability of the methodological framework, there still remain some gaps in data availability for analyzing the impact of the fishing industry on the environment. The specific features of natural resources extraction and processing are particularly evident in indicators of environmental efficiency of resource saving. The paper substantiates the importance of taking into account emissions of water bioresources, unreported fishing, technological losses in assessing water bioresources management efficiency...
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Financial situation in regional energy supply
Scientific article
It is important to monitor the financial condition of energy supply organizations in regional management and development of energy infrastructure. This condition depends on economic factors, tariff regulation and budget subsidies. The article presents indicators of aggregated financial statistics on energy supply in the regions of Russia's European North. For the purpose of comparative analysis, the author formed a comprehensive indicator of financial stability and evaluated trends in the dynamics of past due debt and profitability. The analysis shows the following sectoral and regional characteristics: the financial situation in the electric power sector is relatively stable, but it is unsatisfactory in heat supply; the increase in negative trends, such as the decrease in repayment ability, low and negative profitability, and the accumulation of considerable arrears. Financial instability becomes a system-wide characteristic of heat supply. It is necessary to introduce a multi-step process of financial recovery of the industry as a whole...
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Scientific article
The article substantiates the necessity to change the role of the state in technological and socio-economic development of the agricultural sector. The author considers the forms and methods of state regulation and analyses the current budget support provided to agriculture; he highlights its drawbacks with regard to sub-arctic and arctic territories of the Republic of Komi. The article shows the influence of state support on the farmers' level of income and identifies modernization risks and threats under Russia's WTO membership. The author proposes measures to improve state support of the agrarian sector and change the adverse conditions of its functioning. He substantiates the approach that helps improve the state regulation of the agrarian sector in the framework of regional and municipal programs for rural development.
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Increasing the competitiveness of preserved milk products on the food market
Scientific article
The article deals with the assessment of the product quality of some milk canneries in the Vologda, Belgorod, Moscow, Smolensk Oblasts, etc. It shows that the quality of Sukhonsky Dairy Plant's products is the best one. Most consumers trust just these products. Respondents' preferences have been revealed by the survey; they allow the authors to draw a conclusion about the characteristics of a competitive product that should be considered when designing new kinds of canned sweetened condensed milk.
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Industrial policy as a tool of neo-industrialization of regional industrial systems
Scientific article
The article describes the essence of neo-industrialization of an economy as an alternative to the establishment of a post-industrial economy. It substantiates the three stages of industrial policy, aimed at neo-industrialization of the economy in the Ural region taking into account the characteristics of its industrial system. A special importance is attached to clusters as market institutions of implementing the regional industrial policy.
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Industry characteristics of investment processes in the northwestern federal district
Scientific article
The paper determines the relationship between the region’s investment activity1 and the structural features of the economy (in terms of the types of economic activity). The presence of holding structures interests in the region can contribute to the depletion of the region’s financial resources. The solution requires the relations between state authorities and business structures to be settled. The information base for research comprises the works of national economists, statistical yearbooks, published by the Federal Statistics Service. Statistical analysis methods are applied to substantiate the results.
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Scientific article
The article considers the implementation of innovation technologies in dairy livestock breeding as the main factor enhancing the production competitiveness in the conditions of Russia’s accession to the WTO and the establishment of the Customs Union. The article also reviews the capabilities of innovation technologies in achieving the target production indicators on the one hand (enhancement of manageability, cost reduction, improvement of production quality, increase of the period of productive use of cows), and in minimizing the influence of human factor on the final results, on the other hand. The indicators of production and economic efficiency at the innovation farms of the Vologda and Leningrad oblasts have been analysed.
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Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in Vologodsky district
Scientific article
Using an example of farms located in Vologodsky District, the article reveals the state of affairs and the ways of modernization concerning dairy cattle husbandry, which is the Vologda Oblast’s leading branch of agroindustrial complex. The basis for modernization includes innovations in breeding, fodder production, feeding and milking technologies, loose cow housing, personnel training, optimal work organization at dairy farms and complexes, improvement of the quality of raw milk. All these factors promote the intensive development and competitiveness of the region’s agricultural organizations.
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Investment process financing in Russian business: assessment, trends, problems
Scientific article
In modern conditions the provision of investment process financing is the most important task of state economic policy aimed at achieving sustainable growth and dynamic development of the Russian economy in general. This problem solution requires further theoretical consideration and development of appropriate methodological, methodical and practical recommendations. Financing of investment activity development should be based on the systemic approach, which considers this process as an element of the financial support system of the state innovation development. It is necessary to conduct research in order to expand the financial component of this support, encourage the investment process development, enhance financial relations in the sphere of forming and using the intellectual property objects and develop a complex of measures to study the innovations implementation possibilities. Although economic science pays a lot of attention to various aspects of the issue, there is currently no research work, devoted to the study of sources of the investment process financing...
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Scientific article
The forest sector is a key sector in the Russian economy. The existing demand for forest products on the part of domestic and foreign consumers contributes to a steady increase in the volume of logging. At the same time the restoration of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Detailed elaboration of this issue is a critical factor in maintaining the trend of enhancing the economic performance of the forest complex in the long term, on the one hand, and in ensuring environmental safety, on the other hand. In Russia the task of reforestation is mainly delegated to the tenants of forest plots. Today the problem of strengthening their interest in ensuring the quality of the works they perform is of great importance. The main goal of the study, the findings of which are presented in our paper, is to determine the mechanisms of formation of tenant behavior models that affect decision-making on the implementation of reforestation. We use methods such as system approach, analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, classification and systematization...
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Scientific article
Analysis of the List of Orders of the Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin has shown that many priority challenges of the fishing industry development, including promotion of fish production with a high degree of processing and its exports have not been solved. Analysis of exports of cod, haddock and saithe from Russia (Murmansk Oblast) and Norway proves that there is a wider range of products from Norway with high added value. The unit cost of the same products from Norway is also significantly higher. The consequence of these factors is the low unit cost of Russian exports, compared to Norwegian. For 2009-2013 the average unit cost of cod is lower by 2.66 US dollars (47.9%), of haddock - by 0.23 US dollars (10.6%). The article estimates foreign currency revenues, which were not fully received due to the reasons mentioned above. The author points out key directions of increase of economic efficiency of Russian exports of cod, haddock and saithe: 1. Change in the access of economic agents to marketable resources by stimulating the obtainment of larger quotas of biological resources at the expense of profit ratio...
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