Reviews and reports. Рубрика в журнале - Arctic and North
Статья научная
The Gaidar Forum materials review aimed to clarify the situation with the searching for a new model of international partnership in the Arctic.
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Perm Engineering and Industrial Forum
Статья научная
The article represents the review of materials of the Perm Engineering and Industry Forum held on the 6th-‐7th of November 2014 in Perm. The Forum represented a project of the federal scale, under which dozens of round tables and seminars on the future of the Russian industry were held. The issues discussed at the Forum and the Resolution are correlated with the new industrialization of the Russian Arctic and the North and with the sixth technological order transition period.
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Статья научная
Today, Russia and China are each other’s most important partners in the international arena. The article discusses such an important area of their relations as interaction in the Arctic region and evolution of its development. In recent years, the role of analytic centers has grown, especially as the world faces complex global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality and political polarization. That is why the positions of the expert and analytical community of the Russian Federation and China on the issue of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic are of great interest in the article. In particular, the concept of “think tanks” is considered, the expert and analytical communities of Russia and China are studied, the developments of Russian and Chinese “think tanks” in such key areas as the development of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic, including the Northern Sea Route, scientific and technological cooperation. The article identifies similarities and differences in the views of Russian and Chinese scientists on these issues. The article considers the period from the beginning of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the Far North up to the present time, that is, approximately for the last 10 years.
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Статья научная
The paper describes the history of discovery and study of karst formations of the European North of Russia. More than 100 karst formations have been identified. The main periods in the history of exploration of caves and grottoes of the Pechora Urals are reflected. The first caves descriptions which were made by travellers and scientists in the 18th-19th centuries are given. During that period the most famous caves were Uninskaya and Kaninskaya caves. The main karst formations were discovered and described at the beginning of the 20th century. Geologist V.N. Mamontov discovered 4 caves on the Pervokamennaya River. Systematic geological studies by V.A. Varsanofyeva in the Northern Urals allowed her to discover small karst formations in the upper reaches of the Pechora on the Ilych and Unya rivers. In 1960, B.I. Guslitzer discovered the largest cave in the Northern Urals — the Medvezhya Cave. Promising and little-studied areas of karst are the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, the Polar and Nether-Polar Urals, Pai-Hoi and Timan. Only a few small caves and grottoes are known on these territories. Most of the karst is located in specially protected areas. The caves are unique paleontological monuments of nature. The funds of the A.A. Chernov Geological Museum of the Institute of Geology contain 12 monographic collections of paleofaunistic material with a volume of more than 30 thousand storage units. The remains of vertebrate caves consist of bones of mammoth fauna and small mammals.
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Статья научная
The article analyses the results of the 27th St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF-2024). The focus of the Forum was reflected in its motto “The basis of multipolarity is the formation of new growth centers”. Discussions on the Arctic agenda were presented at SPIEF-2024 during 3 days. RAS researchers V.P. Zhuravel and N.A. Nevskaya were participants in a number of SPIEF-2024 sessions as part of the Arctic Seminar events at the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Forum devoted two panels to Arctic issues: “The Northern Sea Route: Expanding Arctic Horizons” and “The Arctic Plan. International Perspective”. Arctic issues were also raised at the discussion panels “Climate Agenda of the EAEU, SCO, BRICS: Partnership for Sustainable Development”, “Inclusive Growth for a Sustainable Future”, etc., as well as in speeches and interviews for the media by governors of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and officials of the Ministry of Eastern Development and Rosatom State Corporation, who represented the position of the authorities. The view of business was reflected mainly by representatives of a Chinese transport company, as well as heads of large Russian enterprises operating in the Arctic region. Based on the review of panel discussions and conversations with Forum participants, the main results of the dialogue between the government and business on issues of economic support for Arctic projects and directions for stimulating industries in the Arctic zone in accordance with the stated priorities are revealed. The role of state regulation of the economy in the Arctic is shown.
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Статья научная
Review of the conference materials “Safety and Sustainable Development of the Arctic Region, the conservation of ecosystems and traditional lifestyles of indigenous peoples of the Arctic” held within the framework of the 5th International meeting of the Arctic Council member states, observer states and international scientific community on the 15th—16th of September 2015 in the town of Arkhangelsk.
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Reflections on Reading: India’s Arctic Policy Perspectives
Статья научная
The review examines the prospects of cooperation between India and Russia in the Arctic based on the analysis of the monograph by Indian scientists. The cooperation between the two countries, on the one hand, is based on long-standing friendly traditions dating back to Soviet times. On the other hand, modern India has a higher status in international relations and pursues a pragmatic foreign policy course. The US has objectively become a more important partner for India in international politics than Russia, given their common desire to contain China. This means that India’s Arctic policy will take into account the US position, balancing secondary sanctions with the benefits of cooperation with Russia. At the same time, India views the rapprochement between China and Russia in the Arctic painfully seeking to realize its own interests in the region.
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Статья научная
The article considers texts of scientists and public figures of the second half of the 18th–19th centuries, who wrote travel essays on the natural-climatic and historical-cultural peculiarities, social and daily life of the population of the Russian North and the Arctic coast. Ways of modelling the regional linguistic worldview on the basis of text analysis are suggested. The article describes the stages of working with semantically diverse texts, which make it possible to differentiate and systematise texts for the purpose of forming semantically homogeneous discourses allowing identification of the basic parameters of conceptualisation and categorisation of the world objects reflecting the essential aspects of regional life.
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Статья научная
Currently, against the background of sanctions from the West, Russia and China should strengthen cooperation in all sectors, especially in scientific research and resource development in the Arctic, as well as in combating problems associated with climate change and the use of the Northern Sea Route to enhance mutually beneficial trade activities between the two countries. The digitalization of Arctic culture should become a paramount branch of cooperation between universities in Russia and China, which cannot be done without considering and disseminating the scientific works of M.V. Lomonosov on the North and the Arctic. In China, Lomonosov was a completely understudied Russian scientist from all sides of his achievements in the sciences. The article gives an overview of M.V. Lomonosov’s contributions to the development of the Russian North and the Arctic, describes the processes of shaping his scientific interests in the study of Arctic spaces, analyzes his main theoretical positions on the phenomenon of Arctic lights and the natural conditions for the development of Arctic spaces, reveals his historical views on the role and importance of mastering the Arctic for the language possession of small peoples in this region against the background of the spread of world civilization and culture, which still has not lost its importance. Moreover, the relevance of creating an electronic database “Digital Lomonosov” in Russian and Chinese in parallel for the development of modern Lomonosov’s science and translation studies on the scientific achievements of Lomonosov in China is considered, the main concept of the Project development and specific stages of digitalization of Lomonosov’s works in two languages by joint efforts of scientists from NArFU and CHU are analyzed.
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Resilience of Arctic Communities: Concept, Methodology and Research Directions
Статья научная
This article is aimed at scientific review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social (community) resilience and its empirical applicability in the context of territorial development of the Arctic. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to solve the problems of sustainable development of the Arctic region in the context of economic, social and natural challenges. Using the method of knowledge contextualization, the paper analyses various definitions of the concept of resilience, and describes factors and strategies for community resilience. It concludes that social resilience is the ability of communities to be flexible and able to adapt in response to external influences. Social resilience is difficult to measure and control; however, resilience factors are potentially observable using quantitative and qualitative methods, enabling the development of community resilience strategies. These strategies should be based on local realities, since they will take different forms depending on the community, and the idea of resilience itself will manifest in different ways. This justifies the need for empirical studies that would provide longitudinal data on social resilience in a particular area. Using the Arctic region as an example, the article presents foreign and Russian experience of research on social resilience in the context of global changes. It concludes that the development of resilience in Arctic communities requires a systematic approach, which should be based on knowledge of how local communities respond to global challenges.
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Results of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Yenisey Arctic”
Статья научная
In the context of economic turbulence and within the framework of constantly tightening sanctions by Western countries, it is necessary to take into account strategic goals and emerging risks. The most important strategic documents, such as the "Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia and ensuring national security up to 2035” take into account the macroeconomic and other risks arising while the development of the Arctic water area, which is quite large in Russia. If its western part is sufficiently studied and developed, the eastern part requires more attention from researchers, government and business. The review briefly highlights the results of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Yenisey Arctic”, held at the end of 2022 in Krasnoyarsk on the basis of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev with the support of the Regional Science Foundation.
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Review of Scientific Publications on the Study of Population Migration in the Russian A
Статья научная
The purpose of the article is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian-language publications on the topic of population migration in the Arctic zone of Russia. The national bibliographic database of scientific citation hosted on the eLIBRARY.RU platform was used as a source of information. The research methodology is based on the use of structural-semantic analysis of texts in combination with general scientific methods (analysis, generalization and systematization). The time period of 2010-2022 is characterized by an increase in the number of publications on migration issues in the Arctic zone of Russia, which was most clearly manifested during the adoption of Russia’s Arctic strategies. During the period under review, Russian authors prepared about 300 articles on the study of population migration in the Russian Arctic. However, the number of researchers who regularly publish papers on this topic is small. The analysis made it possible to identify an objective list of authors groups (scientific schools) that are leading in terms of the number of publications in this subject area. The main directions of the population migrations study in the Russian Arctic zone are considered according to six key scientific schools, general and special approaches of the authors to the study of Arctic migrations are highlighted. The study results will be useful and interesting to scientists, whose research area is related to population migration, including in the Russiaт Arctic regions; specialists dealing with social issues of the development of the Arctic territories; postgraduates and students involved in this field.
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Review of fishing in the Arctic waters
Статья научная
Today the enclave of the central part of the Arctic Ocean is closed by ice for any industrial activity. However, if the process of warming goes on, countries will have a real prospect for development of large-scale economic activities in the area, including commercial fishing. The article offers cross-section of the major activities in 2015 aimed at the establishment of an international multilateral convention on fishery management and scientific fishery research in the Arctic region. The cooperation of the Arctic Council countries in the field of fisheries in the framework of international agreements is considered, as well as the species composition of fish of the Arctic seas is given.
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Review of the monograph “The Arctic: a Development Strategy”
Статья научная
The review emphasizes the key features of the monograph “The Arctic: Development Strategy”, prepared by experts of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. The authors developed a systematic analysis of the development issues of the Russian Arctic and the state development efforts in this macro-region. They studied the preferential regimes of economic activities and the role of mineral resource centers as important drivers of socio-economic development. According to the reviewer, the monograph is of interest both to specialists and to a wide range of readers.
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Статья научная
The book is the result of a great work of M. A. Lukina on the history of villages in the Delta of the Northern Dvina River. The book is the first study of the island colonization, establishment, and centuries-old development of settlements in the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. The author combined the traditional historical approach to the data presentation and the method associated with the study of the value change over the centuries and historical memory.
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Russian Arctic in the Contours of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
During the decade of implementation of strategic planning in modern Russian reality, planning imperatives have also been introduced into the processes of geo-economic and political development of the Arctic, defining the system of goals and functional dominance of this geostrategic region, in particular, in medium-term perspective of budget policy implementation in 2024 and for the planning period of 2025 and 2026 [1]. During this period, Russia’s importance in the system of international relations increased, the country’s reputation and confidence in acquiring the status of a great maritime power, as well as in taking strong positions on land, as a state with centuries-old traditions of developing a large continental civilization, has been strengthened. At the same time, the role of the Arctic has noticeably increased, both among the regional directions of national maritime policy and in Russian foreign policy. Essentially, the Arctic began to determine the degree of state’s greatness at sea and in the world. This requires the comprehensive development of maritime potential. The main thing is to ensure, through the maritime potential, Russia’s guaranteed access to Arctic marine resources and space, including ensuring uninterrupted, preferably year-round, functioning of the national transport communication in the Arctic — the Northern Sea Route — the basis of the system of maritime communications. The Arctic nuclear icebreaker fleet and fleets of reinforced ice-class vessels are rightly considered the symbol of the Arctic maritime potential.
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Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone
Статья научная
Analysis of data collection results on the topic “Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone”
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Russian Diesel Icebreaker Fleet and Its Place in the Economic Development of the North
Статья научная
The article studies the development of Soviet and Russian marine civilian diesel icebreakers. The history of their commissioning is analyzed and the main points of their service in the North are investigated. The Soviet and Russian stages of their construction and operation, which were approximately equal in duration, were compared. The author’s diagram of this development is made. The absolute dominance of Finnish shipbuilding in the process of construction of diesel marine civil domestic icebreakers has been revealed. The reasons of transition to icebreaker building in Russia, the main problems in this direction of development are found. The values of diesel civilian icebreaker fleet necessary for effective operation of navigation in the North are determined. The existing prospects and needs for the development of diesel civil icebreaking fleet in Russia are formulated. The key tactical and technical data of sea diesel icebreakers are compared. The author’s diagram shows the outstripping growth of ice-carrying capacity with simultaneous decrease of specific power of diesel icebreakers. A brief analysis of the main events in the history of each particular icebreaker is carried out, and a set of 10 main directions of application of diesel civil icebreakers of Russia in the North is summarized. A kind of rating of these directions has been compiled, among which some very rare ones have appeared.
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