Reviews and reports. Рубрика в журнале - Arctic and North
Статья научная
Currently, against the background of sanctions from the West, Russia and China should strengthen cooperation in all sectors, especially in scientific research and resource development in the Arctic, as well as in combating problems associated with climate change and the use of the Northern Sea Route to enhance mutually beneficial trade activities between the two countries. The digitalization of Arctic culture should become a paramount branch of cooperation between universities in Russia and China, which cannot be done without considering and disseminating the scientific works of M.V. Lomonosov on the North and the Arctic. In China, Lomonosov was a completely understudied Russian scientist from all sides of his achievements in the sciences. The article gives an overview of M.V. Lomonosov’s contributions to the development of the Russian North and the Arctic, describes the processes of shaping his scientific interests in the study of Arctic spaces, analyzes his main theoretical positions on the phenomenon of Arctic lights and the natural conditions for the development of Arctic spaces, reveals his historical views on the role and importance of mastering the Arctic for the language possession of small peoples in this region against the background of the spread of world civilization and culture, which still has not lost its importance. Moreover, the relevance of creating an electronic database “Digital Lomonosov” in Russian and Chinese in parallel for the development of modern Lomonosov’s science and translation studies on the scientific achievements of Lomonosov in China is considered, the main concept of the Project development and specific stages of digitalization of Lomonosov’s works in two languages by joint efforts of scientists from NArFU and CHU are analyzed.
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Resilience of Arctic Communities: Concept, Methodology and Research Directions
Статья научная
This article is aimed at scientific review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social (community) resilience and its empirical applicability in the context of territorial development of the Arctic. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to solve the problems of sustainable development of the Arctic region in the context of economic, social and natural challenges. Using the method of knowledge contextualization, the paper analyses various definitions of the concept of resilience, and describes factors and strategies for community resilience. It concludes that social resilience is the ability of communities to be flexible and able to adapt in response to external influences. Social resilience is difficult to measure and control; however, resilience factors are potentially observable using quantitative and qualitative methods, enabling the development of community resilience strategies. These strategies should be based on local realities, since they will take different forms depending on the community, and the idea of resilience itself will manifest in different ways. This justifies the need for empirical studies that would provide longitudinal data on social resilience in a particular area. Using the Arctic region as an example, the article presents foreign and Russian experience of research on social resilience in the context of global changes. It concludes that the development of resilience in Arctic communities requires a systematic approach, which should be based on knowledge of how local communities respond to global challenges.
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Results of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Yenisey Arctic”
Статья научная
In the context of economic turbulence and within the framework of constantly tightening sanctions by Western countries, it is necessary to take into account strategic goals and emerging risks. The most important strategic documents, such as the "Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia and ensuring national security up to 2035” take into account the macroeconomic and other risks arising while the development of the Arctic water area, which is quite large in Russia. If its western part is sufficiently studied and developed, the eastern part requires more attention from researchers, government and business. The review briefly highlights the results of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Yenisey Arctic”, held at the end of 2022 in Krasnoyarsk on the basis of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev with the support of the Regional Science Foundation.
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Review of Scientific Publications on the Study of Population Migration in the Russian A
Статья научная
The purpose of the article is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian-language publications on the topic of population migration in the Arctic zone of Russia. The national bibliographic database of scientific citation hosted on the eLIBRARY.RU platform was used as a source of information. The research methodology is based on the use of structural-semantic analysis of texts in combination with general scientific methods (analysis, generalization and systematization). The time period of 2010-2022 is characterized by an increase in the number of publications on migration issues in the Arctic zone of Russia, which was most clearly manifested during the adoption of Russia’s Arctic strategies. During the period under review, Russian authors prepared about 300 articles on the study of population migration in the Russian Arctic. However, the number of researchers who regularly publish papers on this topic is small. The analysis made it possible to identify an objective list of authors groups (scientific schools) that are leading in terms of the number of publications in this subject area. The main directions of the population migrations study in the Russian Arctic zone are considered according to six key scientific schools, general and special approaches of the authors to the study of Arctic migrations are highlighted. The study results will be useful and interesting to scientists, whose research area is related to population migration, including in the Russiaт Arctic regions; specialists dealing with social issues of the development of the Arctic territories; postgraduates and students involved in this field.
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Review of fishing in the Arctic waters
Статья научная
Today the enclave of the central part of the Arctic Ocean is closed by ice for any industrial activity. However, if the process of warming goes on, countries will have a real prospect for development of large-scale economic activities in the area, including commercial fishing. The article offers cross-section of the major activities in 2015 aimed at the establishment of an international multilateral convention on fishery management and scientific fishery research in the Arctic region. The cooperation of the Arctic Council countries in the field of fisheries in the framework of international agreements is considered, as well as the species composition of fish of the Arctic seas is given.
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Review of the monograph “The Arctic: a Development Strategy”
Статья научная
The review emphasizes the key features of the monograph “The Arctic: Development Strategy”, prepared by experts of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. The authors developed a systematic analysis of the development issues of the Russian Arctic and the state development efforts in this macro-region. They studied the preferential regimes of economic activities and the role of mineral resource centers as important drivers of socio-economic development. According to the reviewer, the monograph is of interest both to specialists and to a wide range of readers.
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Статья научная
The book is the result of a great work of M. A. Lukina on the history of villages in the Delta of the Northern Dvina River. The book is the first study of the island colonization, establishment, and centuries-old development of settlements in the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. The author combined the traditional historical approach to the data presentation and the method associated with the study of the value change over the centuries and historical memory.
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Russian Arctic in the Contours of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
During the decade of implementation of strategic planning in modern Russian reality, planning imperatives have also been introduced into the processes of geo-economic and political development of the Arctic, defining the system of goals and functional dominance of this geostrategic region, in particular, in medium-term perspective of budget policy implementation in 2024 and for the planning period of 2025 and 2026 [1]. During this period, Russia’s importance in the system of international relations increased, the country’s reputation and confidence in acquiring the status of a great maritime power, as well as in taking strong positions on land, as a state with centuries-old traditions of developing a large continental civilization, has been strengthened. At the same time, the role of the Arctic has noticeably increased, both among the regional directions of national maritime policy and in Russian foreign policy. Essentially, the Arctic began to determine the degree of state’s greatness at sea and in the world. This requires the comprehensive development of maritime potential. The main thing is to ensure, through the maritime potential, Russia’s guaranteed access to Arctic marine resources and space, including ensuring uninterrupted, preferably year-round, functioning of the national transport communication in the Arctic — the Northern Sea Route — the basis of the system of maritime communications. The Arctic nuclear icebreaker fleet and fleets of reinforced ice-class vessels are rightly considered the symbol of the Arctic maritime potential.
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Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone
Статья научная
Analysis of data collection results on the topic “Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone”
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Russian Diesel Icebreaker Fleet and Its Place in the Economic Development of the North
Статья научная
The article studies the development of Soviet and Russian marine civilian diesel icebreakers. The history of their commissioning is analyzed and the main points of their service in the North are investigated. The Soviet and Russian stages of their construction and operation, which were approximately equal in duration, were compared. The author’s diagram of this development is made. The absolute dominance of Finnish shipbuilding in the process of construction of diesel marine civil domestic icebreakers has been revealed. The reasons of transition to icebreaker building in Russia, the main problems in this direction of development are found. The values of diesel civilian icebreaker fleet necessary for effective operation of navigation in the North are determined. The existing prospects and needs for the development of diesel civil icebreaking fleet in Russia are formulated. The key tactical and technical data of sea diesel icebreakers are compared. The author’s diagram shows the outstripping growth of ice-carrying capacity with simultaneous decrease of specific power of diesel icebreakers. A brief analysis of the main events in the history of each particular icebreaker is carried out, and a set of 10 main directions of application of diesel civil icebreakers of Russia in the North is summarized. A kind of rating of these directions has been compiled, among which some very rare ones have appeared.
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Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to present the conceptual ideas of innovative interdisciplinary Russian-Chinese project “Digital Lomonosov”, the idea of which appeared five years ago and is based on a decade of experience of Chinese studies development in the North of Russia and at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov. In accordance with the goal, the work solves the following main tasks: 1) justifies the relevance of the project “Digital Lomonosov” and its demand in China; 2) provides an overview of scientific works and interdisciplinary research on the humanitarian ideas of Lomonosov — a great scientist, an outstanding personality of the Russian North; 3) summarizes the main results of ten-year development of Chinese studies in the North of Russia and at NArFU; 4) briefly presents the experience of five-year network project of federal universities as the basis for developing the concept of innovative Russian-Chinese project; 5) outlines the prospects for the project and the promotion of Lomonosov Studies in China. The methodology of the review article is based on an interdisciplinary vision of the directions of humanities development in the focus of digitalization and further development of Lomonosov Studies in the interaction of Russian and Chinese scholars. The authors substantiate a new conceptual idea of international transfer of M.V. Lomonosov’s heritage digitally from the North of Russia to China. The results of the analysis are summarization and systematization of the experience of five years of cooperation between federal universities in the field of applied linguistics and education in the context of digitalization, ten years of experience in the development of Chinese studies in the North of Russia and NArFU, actualization of possibilities of international transfer of M.V. Lomonosov humanitarian heritage, and presentation of prospects of Lomonosov Studies in China.
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Scientific Cooperation: Supporting Circumpolar Permafrost Monitoring and Data Sharing
Статья научная
Scientific cooperation is a well-supported narrative and theme, but in reality, presents many challenges and counter-productive difficulties. Moreover, data sharing specifically represents one of the more critical cooperation requirements, as part of the “scientific method [which] allows for verification of results and extending research from prior results.” One of the important pieces of the climate change puzzle is permafrost. Currently, most permafrost data remain fragmented and restricted to national authorities, including scientific institutes. Important datasets reside in various government or university labs, where they remain largely unknown or where access restrictions prevent effective use. A lack of shared research—especially data—significantly reduces effectiveness of understanding permafrost overall. Whereas it is not possible for a nation to effectively conduct the variety of modeling and research needed to comprehensively understand impacts to permafrost, a global community can. However, decision and policy makers, especially on the international stage, struggle to understand how best to anticipate and prepare for changes, and thus support for scientific recommendations during policy development. This article explores the global data systems on permafrost, which remain sporadic, rarely updated, and with almost nothing about the subsea permafrost publicly available. The authors suggest that the global permafrost monitoring system should be real time (within technical and reasonable possibility), often updated and with open access to the data. Following a brief background, this article will offer three supporting themes, 1) the current state of permafrost data, 2) rationale and methods to share data, and 3) implications for global and national interests.
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Scientific and educational space of the Arctic: Norway
Статья научная
The analytical overview represents the scientific and educational potential of the Norwegian territories of the Circumpolar Region (Svalbard, Finnmark, Troms and Nordland), Norway's science and innovation policy and scientific interests in the Arctic.
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Seashore Litters Impact on Biological Resources of Arctic Seas
Статья научная
In the present manuscript, the impact of seashore plastic litter on the Arctic aquatic environment with a primary focus on fish is discussed. Plastic pollution of seashore and aquatic ecosystem became a major environmental problem in the late 1990s, when it was considered as a major threat for aquatic ecosystem. In recent years, the microplastic (MP) pollution has raised scientific attention and awareness as severe threat for aquatic ecosystem. Since fish is a significant source of food and wealth of Arctic countries, the shrinkage of fishing rates caused by aquatic ecosystems plastic pollution can lead to a significant negative effect on the well-being of the Arctic countries’ population and economy. Recent studies showed significant amount of MP in Arctic seas. The MP particles were found in more than 90% of the studied water samples from the Barents Sea. This indicates that MP has become a major threat for aquatic life in the Arctic. Despite the fact the MP may pose harmful effects to aquatic life, there is still a lack of valid information concerning this research. Moreover, standard and generally accepted protocols for MP pollution monitoring and risk assessment need to be implemented. In view of the above, the current state of the problem is described in this paper.
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Статья научная
The paper gives a brief description of the bibliographic database of the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS), generated for the information support of the topic "Indigenous peoples of the North". It was presented the bibliometric (logical-statistical) analysis of the documents selected from the database relating legal bases of development, self-development and self-determination of northern indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation and the world. The authors examined the temporal, typical, geographical, and language structures of the information flow, revealed socalled "nuclear" group of periodicals, characterized by high publication activity on this issue, mentioned the most important scientific events, where this problem was discussed by scientists and specialists, presented the recent monographs entering the library collection on the legal basis of the indigenous peoples development at the Far North.
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Solovki as an object of cultural heritage of the Arctic
Статья научная
Solovki as a multi-subject object of cultural and natural heritage of the Arctic is one of the unique monuments of our time, bringing together at one place several historical periods of life in Russia. The review article presents one of the first attempts in the scientific literature to make a comprehensive approach to the study of all the cultural and historical heritage of the Solovetsky Islands from ancient times to the present day, based on a multidisciplinary approach.
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Статья научная
This review is an analytical presentation of the content of scientific articles and monographs published in the last few years and devoted to the problems of socio-economic development of the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Since the legal recognition of the AZRF, many empirical studies have been devoted to the issues of its socio-economic development. However, the literature review in them is limited to the selected narrow subject of research. This circumstance creates an urgent need for a comprehensive analysis of currently relevant directions in the study of socio-economic processes in the AZRF. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the diversity of vectors of scientific search in contemporary Russian studies of social and economic processes in the Arctic. The limitation of the study is the significant growth of publications on the topics of interest to us, caused by the variety of specific issues covered in the latest Arctic research. Therefore, we have selected only a few representative works that reflect the multi-vector nature of Arctic research in contemporary Russia. As a result of analyzing the works, we have found that Arctic research is characterized by both thematic and geographical diversity. The authors conditionally divide contemporary Arctic studies in Russia into three directions: interregional comparative studies within the boundaries of the entire AZRF, regional case studies, and local studies (at the level of municipalities). It is important to note that within the framework of the last two directions of research the key contribution to the multiplication of empirical material and its conceptual understanding is primarily made by scientists from regional scientific and university centers. Another peculiarity of Russian Arctic research is the shift of interest towards the study of the urban environment, industrial centers, and urbanism, while economists and sociologists pay insufficient attention to the study of the rural periphery. The observed deficit of local studies of social and economic processes in the rural Arctic in the future may lead to the rapid development of this direction in contemporary Russian science.
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Статья научная
The article traces main trends in research progress on the topic “Study and development of the Northern Sea Route” using the bibliographic database “Scientific Sibirica” generated by the State Public Scientific Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A document corpus on the topic was identified using key words and subject heading, the scientometric analysis was carried out. The paper shows the temporal, linguistic, type-specific and thematic structures of the document corpus. It presents the most productive periodicals, authors with high publication activity, scientific events held on the topic. It’s noted that the Northern Sea Route development is an urgent problem of the entire world community, not only of the northern countries. The above-mentioned database can serve as an information basis for further research on various aspects of the Northern Sea Route development. The purpose is to analyze the document corpus devoted to studying the Northern Sea Route retrieved the database “Scientific Sibirica”. The method is scientometric analysis. The results are the following: the dynamics and structure of the information array are presented, productive periodicals and authors with high publication activity and main research topics are identified. The study can serve as an information basis for further research on various aspects of the Northern Sea Route development by scientists and specialists.
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