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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 6993
Статья научная
This article examines the impact of digitalization on adjustment and maintenance processes in the oil and gas sector aimed at optimizing energy consumption. Modern technologies such as big data analysis, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are discussed, highlighting how they assist companies in reducing energy consumption and enhancing operational efficiency. Examples of the implementation of these solutions in major companies are provided, demonstrating significant reductions in energy costs and equipment downtime. The advantages of contemporary approaches over traditional adjustment and maintenance methods are emphasized.
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Digitalization of customs duties
Статья научная
In this article, the transition of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Renaissance period for customs clearance, payment for participation in customs auctions for the qualification certificate of a specialist in the digitalization of world customs duties.
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Digitalization of lifelong education as a means for forming professional competences of students
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the role of digitalization in the organization of lifelong education as a means of developing professional competencies in the context of informatization of education. The relevance of the study lies in the study of the system for implementing the effective functioning of the mechanism of continuous education at the university, as one of the effective means in implementing the strategy for the sustainable development of students’ professional competencies. The issues of continuous education should be considered as a multifaceted phenomenon in solving educational and cognitive problems, the essence of which is the formation of professional competence of students in conditions of independent cognitive activity. In this regard, it is especially important that students, mastering knowledge and methods of obtaining it, realize that independent work on writing scientific papers is designed to fulfill the tasks of all other types of educational work, since no knowledge that has not become the subject of one’s own activity can be considered a true property of professionalism and competence. Considerable interest in the development of continuous education allows us to conclude that the topic of the formation of professional competencies is in demand in the conditions of informatization of education. The article develops recommendations on the formation of professional competence of students in the context of digitalization of education, as a form of active organization of the “culture of educational and labor activity of a student”.
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Discursive personality of personage
Статья научная
The discursive personality of the character is manifested in a set of fragments and text units that characterize the character’s speech style, expressed by a number of individual semantic and stylistic, communicative and pragmatic, cognitive, gender, socio-cultural and psychological characteristics. The discursive personality of a character is a complex structure and includes characteristics inherent in the character and the author. Speech units, expressed in the discursive personality of the character and the author, refer to artistic dialogue, graphic means, and non-linear speech.
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Discursive strategies of describing childhood in the context of mountain climate
Статья научная
This article explores the discursive strategies used to describe childhood in the context of mountain climates, comparing English and Kyrgyz languages. The study aims to identify how climatic conditions influence linguistic expressions and cultural perceptions of childhood in these two languages. By analyzing literary texts, folklore, and everyday discourse, the research reveals the specific features and commonalities in the depiction of childhood within mountainous environments. The findings highlight the role of environmental factors in shaping discourses about childhood and provide insights into the intersection of language, culture, and nature.
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Disease resistance of hybrid progenies and selection of the resistant species
Статья научная
The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of infection by various diseases and resistance of samples from different hybrid (F2 and F3) progenies. The selected disease resistant hybrid lines were recommended for the further investigations and hybridization programs as parental forms. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to yellow rust disease were found to be: TT 01404 Shefeg × Sonmez, TT 01407 Alman sortu × Murov-2, TT 01410 Shefeg-2 × Alman sortu, TT 01414 Doka × Alman sortu ; F3 hybrids: TT 01301 /1 Murov-2 × Bezostaya-1, TT 01302 /2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01321/2 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01327/2 Doka × Pervin, etc. F2 hybrid combinations resistant to brown rust disease were: TT 01417 Sonmez × Shefeg-2, TT 01424 Pervin × Azeri, TT 01434 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Murov-2, TT 01438 Murov × Shefeg-2 ; F3 hybrids: TT 01302/2 Murov-2 × Doka, TT 01304/1 Murov-2 × Tanya, TT 01305/1 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01305/3 Murov-2 × Shefeg-2, TT 01307 /1 Shefeg-2 × Doka . F2 hybrid lines resistant to powdery mildew disease were: TT 01413 Doka × Sonmez, TT 01422 Pervin × Murov-2, TT 01428 Vassa × Mahmud 80, TT 01431 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek/1 × Mahmud 80, TT 01433 Yubilieinaya100/Tilek /1 × Yegane ; F3 hybrids TT 01310/1 Shefeq-2 × Vassa, TT 01316 /3 Murov × Bezostaya-1, TT 01317/2 Murov × Tanya, TT 01321/1 Tereggi × Pervin, TT 01334/1 Sonmez × Pervin , etc.
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Diseases and pests species of Berberis L. in Absheron condition
Статья научная
The use of disease and pest resistant species in landscape design contributes to the effectiveness of green plantings. For this purpose, the pests Berberis L. and control measures in the dry subtropical climate of the Absheron Peninsula were studied. The main methods of disease control and prevention are considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that disease-resistant species should be chosen for landscaping; it is necessary to determine the optimal timing of plant growth and development; you should constantly monitor the general condition; dried branches and leaves must be periodically cleaned; autumn leaves should be collected and burned in winter as they contain pathogens. When a disease or pest is detected, chemicals should be used to prevent its development.
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Diseases, pests of species belonging to Rosa L. and control methods against them
Статья научная
In the article were studied control methods of Rosa L. species diseases, pests in the conditions of Absheron. In the conducted scientific research were observed on the species in local conditions powdery mildew, fungus, rust, black spot, gray rot, bacterial and cytosporosis cancer diseases. According to our observations, species and varieties belonging to the genus Rosa L. are susceptible to diseases and pests more than other plants. Therefore, special agrotechnical care should be provided for them. Species and varieties belonging to the genus Rosa L. have decorative and exotic beautiful views. For this reason, it is appropriate to widely use different types of roses in greening, landscape architecture, horticulture, and landscaping of parks.
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Distribution Diaspididae (Insecta) and control methods
Статья обзорная
Scale insects are major pests of crops and ornamental plants, with Diaspididae, Pseudococcidae, and Coccidae being the three most important families. They can cause economic damage by sucking sap, injecting poisons, and transmitting viruses. Mealybugs and soft scales may also cause indirect damage by excreting honeydew onto the plant surface. National phytosanitary services conduct active inspections for these insects, and morphological identification is achievable, but difficult. Diaspididae are a family of fast-breeding insects that suck plant sap and produce a sticky material called pad, which attracts ants. Diaspididae is a type of sap-sucking insect that affects hard-leaved orchids, citrus, ficus, and other plants. Females are aphids and generate wax that provides a protective shield. The shield itself can be circular or extended and can range in color from light to dark brown. Diaspididae produces eggs (up to 3000 pieces) under the shield, from which very small, mobile young individuals hatch. Males have two front wings and can fly to other plants; their life cycle is only a few days long.
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Статья научная
The article provides information on the geographical distribution of some wild species of the genus Allium L. distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, as well as a detailed morphological analysis of their vegetative and generative organs. As a result of the ecological analysis, it was determined that the studied species are cryptophytes and most of them are distributed in the middle mountainous zone. In addition, considering that the wild species of the genus Allium L. we have selected have a great bioresource value, information about perspective of their use is also reflected in the article.
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Статья научная
Samples were taken in order to study the distribution of Meloidogyne incognita in different organs (root and lower part of the stem) of potato plants in the farms of Gazakh-Tovuz economic region. During the examination of the samples by the Berman method, it was determined that the infection of potato with M. incognita was 46.7% in Gadabey district and 31.4% in Gazakh district. High intensity of infection was recorded in Shamkir (2-30 nematodes), Gadabey (2-29 nematodes), Tovuz (2-25 nematodes), and relatively low intensity in Gazakh (3-15 nematodes), Aghstafa (2-17 nematodes) regions. A total of 304 nematodes were found in the samples taken from the researched areas. The article provides information about the symptoms of the disease caused by the nematode M. incognita in plants, and the life cycle is reflected in a picture. Taking into account the serious economic damage caused by M. incognita species to the farms, recommendations were given regarding appropriate measures to combat its spread. M. incognita causes severe changes in the physiology, morphology and growth of the potato plant causing leaf wilting. The disease (nematodosis) occurring in the potato plant causes various changes in the above-ground and underground parts of the plant. The effect of M. incognita on the above-ground parts of the plant is manifested by symptoms such as retardation of plant development, yellowing of leaves, chlorosis of leaves, complete destruction of plants and poor growth of shoots. The symptoms of the underground part of the plant are manifested in the form of deformation of the roots, knotted roots, the formation of tumors and bumps. The most characteristic symptom of M. incognita when the infestation is high is the formation of nodules of different sizes (15 mm) on the primary and secondary roots.
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Статья научная
Our research revealed 20 species of Bivalvia, 1 subspecies and 1 variety of the Sangzor River and its surrounding aquatic species belonging to 4 families and 5 genera. Of the species listed in the table: Euglesa hissarica , E. (Casertiana) obliquata , Odhneripisidium polytimeticum are more numerous. They are found in the amount of 1-4 m per 1 m2. The rest of the species are relatively rare. Euglesa (Cyclocalyx) gurvichi , Odhneripisidium terekense , O. (Kuiperipisidium) issykkulense were first discovered in the basin of the Sangzor river. These Bivalves are crenophils and pelolimnophils living in springs depending on their habitat. The length of the Sangzor River and the presence of all biotopes in which mollusks live, made the river a favorable habitat for mollusks. However, it should be noted that while all species occur in the river, they vary in density.
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Distribution of species of the genus Gentiana in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Species of the Gentiana genus can be found in almost all regions of Azerbaijan. Basically, most species of gentians are distributed in the high mountain belt. During the research conducted in the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany, the new habitats of two species belonging to the Gentiana genus was determined. G. septemfida Pall. is found in the territory of Bilgah village, Absheron district. New habitat for G. asclepiadea L. - is Lesser Caucasus (north), Gadabey area.
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Статья научная
The territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan is rich in fodder plants. Despite this, pastures and hayfields in livestock farms are not used for their direct purpose. This, naturally, negatively affects the development of livestock breeding. As is known, plants of legume family are rich in nitrogen. Animals grazing regularly in these areas develop various gastrointestinal tumours when eating the wet mass of the plant. For this purpose, legumes should be used as dry feed. During 2024, studies were conducted to investigate the forage and chemical composition of Vicia elegans Guss species, including its distribution. Starting from early spring months, pastures and hayfields on the territory of the Batabat plateau were surveyed, and the use of the species ‘ Vicia elegans Guss’ in animal husbandry was studied. During the study, the ratio of dry matter and protein in leaves and stems of the plant collected from the Batabat plateau was determined.
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Статья научная
Modern researchers unequivocally state an unfavorable picture of the mass burnout of the personnel of medical institutions. However, the descriptions of research materials do not contain data on the burnout of specialists from medical institutions for pregnant women and newborns. It has been suggested that the value aura of obstetrical activity stimulates the employees to manifest a humanistic mission in the profession, which also protects them from burnout. Empirical hypothesis testing is organized alternatively to traditional. Instead of studying the causes and level of burnout, factors of resistance to it were analyzed from cross-cultural positions. The method of statistical analysis of the critical values (φ* Fisher’s criterion; factor of critical values of selective correlation of Pirson r ) revealed similar and different indicators between the respondents from Kazakhstan and Germany. The indicators of the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), the SOC (Sense of Coherence) of A. Antonovsky etc. were compared. Differences in quantitative indicators served as a starting point for ascertaining the differences and their interpretation. Both groups of medical workers demonstrated favorable results. The respondents of both countries showed a pronounced professional resource of burnout resistance. The reason for this can be called the high social responsibility of physicians for the results of their work in countries focused on increasing demographic indicators. Differences are related to the overall level of burnout resistance (in Germany it is higher) and emotional exhaustion in particular (in Kazakhstan it is more favorable). The cross-cultural nature of the differences is due to the traditionally established resources of burnout resistance. These are professional and organizational resources in Germany (technological ordering, discipline and predictability of labor outcomes) and psychotherapeutic resources in Kazakhstan (emotional and personal support from colleagues and the environment).
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Doing business 2017: equal opportunity for all as a vector of regulation of the business environment
Статья научная
The article analyzes small entrepreneurship as one of the leading sectors of economy, determines rate of economic growth, conditions of employment of population, structure and quality of GDP. Purpose. To study the current state of business climate for entities of small and private entrepreneurship; to analyze the existing range of problems in the sphere of effective state regulation of business activity in the country; to conduct a detailed analysis of structure and dynamics of the World Bank report ranking of Doing Business 2017: equal opportunity for all in conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in two years. Methodology. Observational, statistical analysis and purposeful monitoring of the leading ranking organizations of a business climate for small entrepreneurship were used. Various criteria influencing conditions of institutional and entrepreneurial environments were analyzed. Results. Development of small business is responsible to global trends of formation of flexible competitive economy, combination of different forms of ownership and their appropriate economic model in which difficult synthesis of a competitive market mechanism and state regulation of small and large business has been implemented. Therefore, author made attempt to study problems of effective regulation of small entrepreneurship, institutional ensuring business activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan and interaction of business with the government and institutional players of market. Conclusions. Based on detailed studying of the international ranking institutions and inspections of the entrepreneurial environment Doing Business 2017 on the example of Uzbekistan, the author makes proposals on enhancement of entrepreneurship development and improvement of business climate in the country.
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Статья научная
This paper investigates the dynamic pricing and energy management of integrated electric and thermal energy systems through the Stackelberg game approach, for the upper tier leader problem, the revenue of the integrated energy system as a whole is used as the objective function, taking into account the electricity price and related constraints such as the heat price, for the lower follower problem, a leader-follower Stackelberg game model is constructed with the highest user satisfaction as the objective function, Constraints such as power balance conditions and thermal balance conditions of the system are also taken into account, The upper level of the model is solved using a differential evolutionary algorithm, Lower level solver using CPLEX solver. The simulation results show that the proposed model not only effectively weighs the interests of the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator, but also achieves a win-win situation for both the customer aggregator and the external grid, and the solution algorithm used protects the data privacy between the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator.
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Dynamic regression models of forecasting indicators of social and economic security
Статья научная
Dynamic multi-factor regression models make it possible to take into account the dynamics of the proportions of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security and indicators in the retrospective period. The defects of such a model include the complexity of selecting indicators and determining their values in the lead period, the difficulty of forming multivariate static regression models, the development of predictive models of regression coefficients. Without paying attention to the statistical significance of multivariate models used to form a dynamic model, the values of regression coefficients over the years have all the chances to fluctuate significantly in the time series of these coefficients. The alternately decreasing or rising regression coefficients due to the modification of the impact of indicators on the dynamics of the values of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security often does not allow to create a forecast model.
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Dynamics of accumulation of flavonoids in different organs of Sambucus nigra and S. ebulus
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the phytochemical study of flavonoids in various organs of species of the Sambucus L. genus. The results of studying the dynamics of accumulation of the amount of flavonoids in the composition of S. nigra and S. ebulus species depending on the phases of plant development in various organs showed that during the vegetation period the amount of flavonoids undergoes a sharp change. It was established that in the generative organs of the studied species S. nigra and S. ebulus , the maximum amount of flavonoids accumulates in flowers (7.34%, 5.58%, respectively), the minimum amount in green fruits (1.91%, 2.83%). In the vegetative organs, the maximum amount accumulates in the leaves (4.94, 4.91%), and the minimum amount in roots (0.95%, 0.67%) and stems (1.46, 1.32%). The results obtained are of practical importance, since they indicate the possibility of using various plant organs as a source of raw materials for the production of flavonoids.
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Dynamics of population of Primorsky krai
Статья научная
In the real work the demographic situation in separately taken region is considered. In the Concept of population policy of the Russian Federation until 2025 one of solutions of population policy is “involvement of migrants according to requirements of demographic and social and economic development, taking into account need of their social adaptation and integration”. This decision leads only to visible improvements of a demographic situation leading to emergence of various social problems in respect of national identity. Therefore within work extent of influence of various regional factors on population is investigated. Various socio-economic indexes reflecting the standard of living of the population and development of the region act as the key indicators characterizing dynamics of population. On their basis to be under construction the corresponding regression model which factorial signs are number given rise, number of the dead and number of the registered crimes. To be carried out statistical assessment of the importance and degree of adequacy to the constructed model. Ways of increase in population in Primorsky Krai, as a result of carrying out the social policy directed to change of factorial signs are offered. The corresponding positive forecast of dynamics of population is constructed.
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