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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 6432
Статья научная
The cultivation of perennial grasses in mountainous areas protects the slopes from erosion and provides animals with good food. According to the results of the studies, it was determined that the restoration of fertility and the ecological balance of erosional lands and the implementation of soil and agrotechnical measures is of great importance for increasing yields. Thanks to the application of these measures, as a result of the improvement of the water-physical properties of the affected lands, runoff of surface waters is prevented. Perennial grasses accumulate the nitrogen atmosphere of legumes, enrich the soil with organic substances, accelerate the formation of a water-resistant granular-fuel structure and improve its water-physical properties, which in turn contributes to the rapid assimilation of minerals.
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Effect of methyl violet to mulberry silkworm some breeds eggs
Статья научная
To liquidate the larvae, the methyl violet (C24H28N3Cl), used against fungal diseases in fish farming, was used. The goal is to establish physiological responses in different phases of development after treating local and introduced mulberry silkworm breeds of with aqueous solutions of methyl violet. Exogenous exposure to eggs led to the formation of a negative reaction. It has been established that treatment of silkworm eggs with water and a 0.001% solution of methyl violet (from October 20 to November 15, 2018) reduces the weight of the silk layer of cocoons with statistical accuracy by 33.0% (-78.5 mg) and 22.5% (-49 .0 mg) respectively (p
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Effect of precipitation on the process of erosion in Lankaran natural area
Статья научная
An intensive development of some agricultural areas and positive economic consequences were a reason for deterioration of the ecological state in the last 20-30 years. It should be noted that change of the ecological state, increase of the anthropogenic effect on the environment and global climate changes make necessary to protect the soils and from this point of view there is a great need to study the climatic factors in the formation of the erosion process. According to the comparative analysis it should be noted that an amount of the precipitation decreased 281,4 mm, but the average annual temperature increased 0,8-1,2°C in comparison with the average index of 1977. Though an amount of the rainfall decreases, the erosion process intensity and areal are rising in the region year after year. Its main reason is intensive shower precipitations in the autumn after dry summer, deforestation, the man’s incorrect farming activity. According to the conducted research in the pseudopodzole yellow soils it can be noted that the erosion process deteriorated physical characters of the soils. So, a bulk weight increased 0,12 g/cm3, special weight 0,15 g/cm3, but the porosity decreased 1,65% in the averagely eroded soils in comparison with the non-eroded soils. It is necessary to conduct zonal complex fight measures against erosion in order to achieve an intensive development of agriculture and to restore fertility, and in order to prevent from erosion process, to protect destruction of soil cover. It is necessary to pay attention to soil-climate condition, the factors that lead to the development of erosion, degree of soil erosion, farming direction while these measures are worked out and realized. All the measures against erosion protect the soil cover from leaching, destruction and it must be directed to improve fertility.
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Effect of temperature on some biological indicators of Cydia pomonella linnaeus, 1758
Статья научная
In 2022-2023 The influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of the codling moth butterfly was studied. Experiments have shown that the optimal temperature regime for mass reproduction of the codling moth in laboratory conditions is within 20-25°C. At low temperatures (15°C), butterflies live 34-35 days, and some individuals can live up to 45-50 days. This shows that these characteristics of butterflies allow them to remain viable in an unfavorable environment, although their reproduction is reduced. The experiments carried out make it possible to obtain the necessary temperature parameters for the development of fruit-eating apple trees.
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Статья научная
The development of active and selective catalysts for the synthesis of vinyl acetate from ethylene and acetic acid, the effect of the amount and ratio of individual components of the catalyst to control the catalytic properties of the introduced components were studied. In vinyl acetate synthesis, the effects of each component were studied to describe the effect of catalyst constituents on its properties, and empirical one-factor mathematical dependencies were obtained. Their generalized mathematical relationships of the activities of the catalysts, defined as the rates of the reactions of the formation of vinyl acetate and CO2, have been proposed. As a result of the research, a mathematical model was proposed to select the most optimal composition of the catalyst. The activity of the catalyst containing 0.4%Pd+4%Cu+7%CH3COOK/HSZ averaged 700 g VA/(l×cat×h) at 93-97% selectivity of ethylene - vinyl acetate formation.
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Effect of various preparations for plant rooting on olive cuttings
Статья научная
The effect of different rooting agents on the propagation of olive plant by means of cuttings was investigated in a comparative manner. Experimental research works were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Absheron Experimental Station. Olive plant cuttings from different varieties were taken as the object of the study. Rooters (IST and naphthenic acids) were used to influence the rapid rooting of cuttings and the increase in the number of lateral roots. During the conducted experiments, different results were obtained in different variants. It was observed that indolyl acetic acid and naphthenic acid were more effective on olive cuttings in comparison with the control option. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that rooting of cuttings was accelerated as a result of the effect of rooters. Results were more successful in the indolyl acetic acid variant than in the other variants. So, under the influence of 100 cuttings IST, 96 cuttings in Agbaba variety, 87 in Jigirina variety, 93 in Pikvales variety, and 89 cuttings in Azerbaijani olive were observed. Under the influence of naphthenic acid, rooting occurred in 92 of 100 cuttings of Agbaba variety, 87 of Jigirina variety, 85 of Pikwales variety, and 91 of Azerbaijani olives. As a result, it was determined that for the rapid development of the olive plant, cuttings should be taken from healthy and well-nourished trees and indolyl acetic acid should be used as a rooting solution.
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Effect on soybean growth of sowing time and fertilizers
Статья научная
Soybean also increases soil fertility by absorbing atmospheric nitrogen through its roots. The purpose in conducting research is to increase the fertility of irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils in the Ganja-Kazakh region. It consists of determining the optimal sowing time, sowing scheme, and fertilizer norms that ensure water absorption for ensuring high quality. Field experiments were conducted in 2013-2015 on the basis of the central experimental base of the Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Cotton Institute on irrigated gray-brown (chestnut) soils. Field experiments were carried out in 3 single rows with soybean variety Umanskaya 1, sowing was carried out on April 1-5, April 10-15, and April 20-25. With a total area of 54.0 m2 (30×1.80 m) for each variant, 20, 30, and 60 kg of germinating seeds per hectare were sown in 3 sowing schemes of 45×5 cm, 45×10 cm, and 45×15 cm. Phenological observations were made on 25 plants, and agrotechnical measures were carried out in accordance with the rules adopted for the region. Thus, nutrient content, sowing time, and manure fertilizer norms have a significant effect on soybean height. When the optimal sowing period of soybeans was carried out on April 10-15, in all three sowing schemes, the plant height increased compared to early and late sowing (April 1-5 and 20-25) in all variants. The best results were obtained in the variant of manure 10 t/ha + N60P90K60, the reduced and increased norms of mineral fertilizers did not affect the soybean length much.
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Effective methods improving the load-bearing ability of clay bricks and walls
Статья научная
An analysis of major earthquakes over the last 60 years reveals the preponderance of structural damage, building collapse, and fatalities to have occurred in individual buildings of the residential sector. This highlights a serious problem in the rural districts of Central Asia, where more than 65 percent of residential construction uses clay-based materials. For these reasons we are currently developing new ways, based on the old time-honored techniques, to improve the strength and durability of clay as a building material so that locally constructed houses are better able to withstand seismic effects. In this paper presents the third methods of improving traditional building technologies and clay’s ability to withstand seismic forces. These methods are short fibers, thermoprocessing and of compacted soil cement block and brick which based to inexpensive materials.
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Effectiveness of applying fertilizers under watermelon on the meadow-grey soils in Mugan-Salyan zone
Статья научная
The meadow-gray soils are one of the most widespread species in Azerbaijan territory, mainly in the Kur-Araz lowland, in Nakhchivan plain regions, in the Samur-Davachi valley. The meadow-gray soils irrigated in the Mugan-Salyan zone are most commonly used in the agricultural lands of the region. Agrochemical characterization of soils plays an important role in defining a number of its features, including fertility, degree of provision of certain nutrients, determination of soil condition reaction, timing, norms, methods and proportions of fertilizers under separate plantings. In this context, the soil under watermelons has been researched, and the agrochemical properties of meadow-gray soils have been studied. Apart from the nutritional properties of plants, it has a great impact on the efficient use of fertilizers in the soil. Soil is the main source of plant nutrients. Different soils contain different amounts of nutrients. The soil contains more nutrients than it needs to produce high yields. Fertilized soil with less moisture increases the yield of agricultural crops. This is explained by the fact that only some of the nutrients in the soil are used by plants. Many of them remain unused. The nutrients contained in the soil go into the form used by plants from time to time as a result of the biological and chemical processes involved. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements found in the soil and which plants can easily use to ensure proper nutrition. The main reason why plants do not meet their nutrients is the use of fertilizers. Given the biology of watermelon, soil-climatic conditions and agrotechnical methods in Azerbaijan, the optimal dose and timing of fertilizers can be enhanced and improved.
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Effects of NaCl salt stress on biometric parameters in Pisum varieties
Статья научная
Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress research in plants but also revisit some basic perennial questions that still remain unanswered. In this review, we analyze the physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of Na+ and Cl- uptake, sequestration, and transport associated with salinity. We discuss the role and importance of symplastic versus apoplastic pathways for ion uptake and critically evaluate the role of different types of membrane transporters in Na+ and Cl- uptake and intercellular and intracellular ion distribution. Our incomplete knowledge regarding possible mechanisms of salinity sensing by plants is evaluated. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of the mechanisms of ion toxicity leads us to believe that, in contrast to currently held ideas, toxicity only plays a minor role in the cytosol and may be more prevalent in the vacuole. Lastly, the multiple roles of K+ in plant salinity stress are discussed.
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Effects of phytopathogenic fungi on plants (review)
Статья обзорная
This article outlines explanatory data on the interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and plants, as well as infestation ways of pathogenic fungi on plants. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that phytopathogenic fungi use a number of biochemical and mechanical methods to penetrate into the plant tissues, including the production of cell wall-degrading enzymes, also use toxins, effector proteins, and growth regulators. Cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in pathogenesis are the main weapon of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Статья научная
Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy farming, in clinical and subclinical form it is diagnosed in more than 50% of cows. Currently, various drugs and methods are used to treat mastitis. The article presents data on the effectiveness of the use of the preparation Ceftonit and preparation on the basis of cefquinome sulfate in the treatment of various forms of clinical mastitis during lactation. For the treatment of mastitis, the cows used the preparation Ceftonit®, Nita-Farm Russia, containing in its composition 50 mg/ml of ceftiofur, which is used in comparison with imported drug containing in its composition 25 mg/ml cefquinome sulfate. As a result of researches, it is established that the drug Ceftonit in the treatment of clinical mastitis in cows is not found in the milk of BRT by the AIM test and shows 100% therapeutic efficacy with an average recovery time of animals 5.5 days. Disease recurrence in the form of subclinical mastitis in the treatment with the drug Ceftonit was from 25 to 33%, and in the treatment with the drug based on cefkinom sulfate the number of relapses was greater and amounted to 44.44%. The use of the drug Ceftonit® for the treatment of mastitis does not lead to the culling of milk due to the presence of antibiotics, in contrast to the drug based on cefkinom sulfate, which has a restriction on milk, as confirmed by our studies.
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Efficient aspect ratio of the wing with at winglets
Статья научная
In the article, by the method of the system of equations of steady horizontal flight the effective aspect ratio of the wing with AT winglet wingtips is explored. The total aerodynamic force, created by all four parts of the wingtips is determined. The vector of the total aerodynamic force of the wingtips is represented in the form of components of a linked coordinate system. Equilibrium equations for the steady rectilinear motion of an aircraft with AT winglets type wing tips in a horizontal flight are recorded. From these equations it is obtained that, in the direction of motion, the longitudinal component of the vector of the total aerodynamic force of the tips reduces the force of the drag of the wing, the vertical component is added to the lifting force of the wing and increases it, and the lateral component, due to the symmetry of the wing, is zero. The coefficient of inductive drag of the wing with the tips is written in the form of the difference in the inductive drag of the wing without the tip and the coefficient of the longitudinal component of the total aerodynamic force of the tips. Writing the coefficient of inductive drag of the wing with the tips in the traditional form through the coefficient of lift and aspect ratio of the wing, the expression for the effective wing aspect ratio with the AT winglets, which is longer without aerodynamic termination. An important consequence is that at the constant weight of the aircraft, the product of the effective wing aspect ratio with aerodynamic wingtips to its coefficient of inductive resistance is a constant value, independent of the kind of the wingtips. It is shown that with increasing flight speed, and also by reducing the inductive speed, the aspect ratio of the wing decreases.
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Efficient use and protection of the Lesser Caucasus nature reserves plant cover
Статья научная
While using food crops, feed crops, medicinal plants found in nature reserves criteria for the rare and endangered species should be met the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Although there is wild fruit spread in 12 Families, 22 Genera belong to 46 species are not used effectively in nature reserves. Appletree, Arachis, Pyrus, Sea Buckthorn, Mespilus, Crataegus, Rubus, Cornus, Ribes, etc. are considered expedient to use the raw material reserves of these fruits for industrial purposes.
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Electoral activity as factor of political socialization of youth
Статья научная
In given article is considered question to electoral activity as factor to political socialization youth. Future development of Uzbekistan society mainly dependent on youth; their professional knowledge degree, spiritual and behavioral qualities, especially their extent of electoral culture. We can estimate political behavior as youth’s articulating their position as citizens. An electoral activity represents the unique form in which subject of electoral process actively attends at election sand referendums for government organs according to their individual wishes. Electoral activity as a system consists of following elements: object, subject, objective, forms, circumstances, motives and norms, consequences and action process. Stability, independence, prosperity, military power, economic development indicators, security of national interest issues of the country and main activity base of society and government mainly dependent on the human factor. This plays a significant role in the process of modernization.
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Electric power terminology: structural and semantic aspects
Статья научная
The article under discussion is devoted to the study of general issues of terminology and terminological activity in the field of electric power on the material of English, Russian and Uzbek languages. The development of electric power industry affects the state of different industries and everyday life of people all over the world. This industry concerns energy production, transmission, distribution and sale. Accordingly, all countries of the world pay due attention to it, and states carry out obligatory regulation in this sphere. The author of the article examines semantic, morphological and syntactic features of renewable energy terminology in order to determine the most productive way of terminology in this scientific field.
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Electric vehicle charging scheduling and pricing based on Stackelberg game
Статья научная
The disorderly charging and discharging of a large number of electric vehicles will have a serious negative impact on the safety and economic operation of the power system. In order to avoid safety problems and obtain maximum economic benefits, a master-slave game is proposed to model the maximization of profits for agents and car owners. In the upper model of the model, the optimization objective of the main body is to minimize the operating cost and minimize the load mean square error; in the lower model, the goal is to minimize the cost of electric vehicles; the particle swarm algorithm is used, and the model decoupling characteristics are used from the inside to the outside. Solve the Nash equilibrium point of the optimization model, obtain the set of optimal time-of-use electricity price and electric vehicle charging and discharging scheme, and finally obtain the global optimal pricing strategy. Various typical scenarios before and after optimization are compared and analyzed in detail through calculation examples, and the effect of the proposed model and the overall scheduling benefit are verified.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the development of electronic manual for the elective course “Complex numbers” in the Russian and English languages. In the modern world you must have a complete understanding of the numbers to master mathematical culture, but currently methodological developments in the study of the theory of complex numbers in schools is relatively small and designed electronic manual for the elective course “Complex number” allows not only to improve the mathematical culture of students, but also to develop communicative competence. The aim of the research is to develop the electronic manuals for the elective course “Complex numbers” in two languages. The following methods were used: analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodical literature, analysis and synthesis of personal experience of the authors. The electronic manuals, presented in the form of a website, for the elective course “Complex numbers” in two languages became the result of the research. Materials of the article can be useful to enrich pedagogical knowledge, notably a deficiency in the study of complex numbers in the school mathematics course is made up. New ways of thinking at possibility of studying complex numbers in two languages opens up prospects for the development of both mathematical and communication skills. The results of the research can be used by teachers in the educational process in preparing students, pupils of 11 grades, as well as in improving mathematical and communicative culture of the general public.
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Emotive Expression in Text and Ways of Translation
Статья научная
Research relevance: there are isomorphic features of the investigated interjections in semantics, pragmatic terms and in structure. Research objectives: to reveal the emotional meaning of the Russian interjection Tsyts and the way of its translation into English and Kyrgyz languages. Research materials and methods: the authors use the method of translation and comparison of interjections in the literary works of M. Sholokhov “The Quiet Don”, Ch. Aitmatov “Farewell to Gyulsary” and M. Twain “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”. Research results: the isomorphic features of the studied interjections coincide in their pragmatic characteristics, structure, meaning and nominative function. Conclusions: In the languages under consideration, by their syntactic nature, they can act as independent sentences.
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Employing algorithms in cosmetic facial surgery
Статья обзорная
The aim is to evaluate the scientific literature on the creation and application of algorithms in clinical settings, with a focus on their efficacy. Material and methods. The literature search was performed using the databases Scopus, Medline (PubMed), eLibrary (in total: 32 scientific papers).
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