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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7472
Employing algorithms in cosmetic facial surgery
Статья обзорная
The aim is to evaluate the scientific literature on the creation and application of algorithms in clinical settings, with a focus on their efficacy. Material and methods. The literature search was performed using the databases Scopus, Medline (PubMed), eLibrary (in total: 32 scientific papers).
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Endemic plants of the Sumgayitchay river basin (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
In the course of the study, endemic plants of the flora of the Sumgayitchay River basin were studied. A total of 265 species of endemic plants were studied, of which 215 species are characteristic of the Caucasus and 50 species are naturally distributed in the endemic zone of Azerbaijan. Endemic plants of the flora of the Sumgayitchay River basin are systematically analyzed for the presence of taxa. Of the 215 Caucasian endemic species, 36 species belong to the family Asteraceae, 27 to Fabaceae, 17 to Brassicaceae, 16 to Rosaceae, 14 to Poaceae, 14 to Caryophyllaceae and 10 to Ranunculaceae. Of the 266 species of higher plants listed in the Red Book of Azerbaijan, 62 rare and endangered plants are common in the Sumgayitchay River basin. Plants with a new habitat were taken into account, a new distribution area of 14 plant species was determined. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan has submitted proposals for the conservation of the region’s biodiversity and the protection of flora.
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Статья научная
This study offers findings of endoscopic research of patients with stomach cancer after surgery of gastrectomy with different versions of small intestine plastic surgery. Total number of patients exposed to the research is 130, divided into 3 groups. Findings: veracious decrease of esophagitis (p
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Energy Efficiency in Baku as a way to Reduce Emissions
Статья научная
Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, as the country’s economic, industrial, and transportation hub, accounts for a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions. According to statistical data, approximately 40% of the country’s annual carbon emissions originate from Baku, posing substantial challenges to the city’s prospects for climate-resilient development. In recent years, the rate of CO₂ emissions in the country has been notable: between 2020 and 2023, emissions increased from 34,305 kilotons to 42,766 kilotons, representing an approximate 25% rise. Graphical projections indicate that if the current growth trend continues, national CO₂ emissions could reach 49,703 kilotons by the end of 2025. This increase is closely linked to the city’s energy consumption, industrial activity, and the sustainability of its transportation infrastructure. In the 21st century, climate change has emerged as one of the most critical environmental and social challenges on a global scale. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from human activities, particularly in the industrial, energy, and transportation sectors, are accelerating global warming. Cities, especially rapidly urbanizing regions, play a central role in this process, as high energy consumption, dense transportation flows, and intensive industrial activities constitute the main sources of carbon emissions. In this context, Baku’s transition to a climate-resilient urban model depends heavily on the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Enhancing building insulation systems, switching to LED lighting, applying smart thermostats, deploying electric buses, and integrating renewable energy technologies not only reduce energy consumption but also minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Mathematical models indicate that even a 3–5% annual reduction in energy use can result in significant CO₂ emission savings. This paper discusses the implementation of energy efficiency measures in Baku, their potential for emission reduction, and strategic directions for the city’s climate adaptation. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of strengthening energy policies and investing in renewable energy technologies based on projected CO₂ levels.
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Energy circuit of 1.3 MW with Brayton cycle
Статья научная
In this paper, a constructive scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the principle of its operation is described in detail. The power circuit of the device has been drawn up. Complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of the power circuit. The frequency response of the circuit is constructed. As a result of the calculations, we will obtain the amplitude frequency response and the phase frequency response. Using the found values of the characteristics, we will build graphs and draw conclusions about how the characteristics depend on the change in parameters and why the graph lines of the graphs are exactly the way they are.
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Статья научная
The purpose of the work is to describe the installation using differential equations and obtain approximate values before the experiment. In this paper, a constructive scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the principle of its operation is described in detail. The power circuit of the device has been drawn up. Complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of the power circuit. The frequency response of the circuit is constructed. As a result of the calculations, we will obtain the amplitude frequency response and the phase frequency response. Using the found values of the characteristics, we will build graphs and draw conclusions about how the characteristics depend on the change in parameters and why the graph lines of the graphs are exactly the way they are.
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Статья научная
The energy transition is a challenge and an urgency for the world facing the scarcity of fossil fuels and their impacts in the ecosystems by climate change. Through this study, we wanted to assess the potential of new and renewable energies in the Republic of Mali and Azerbaijan in view of their promotion for the preservation of forest areas, in a world facing the challenges of global warming. The methodology was based on documentary collection and documentary exploitation and analysis of cartographic data, tables and other figures. The study revealed to us the high frequency of the potential of these so-called energies, especially solar in Mali and hydraulic, wind and solar in Azerbaijan and the commitment of the authorities of these States to promote the energy transition but also the dependence of these States on fossils such as: oil and gas. The Republic of Azerbaijan exports fossil fuels and Mali depends on imports. The transition to alternative energy resources will undeniably make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the global level and to preserve forest ecosystems in both countries.
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Presents the results of studies (research) on the use of silica raw materials from the production waste of refinement tailings of antimony ores (or antimony ores refinement tailings) and basalt fiber waste, their influence on the quality characteristics of non-autoclave aerated concrete.
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Enhanced heat transfer of heat-exchange equipment by pulsating air flow
Статья научная
This paper designs a pulsating generator to provide pulsating air flow for experiments the relationship between the average flow velocity, pulse and pulsation amplitude and the pulsating flow enhancement heat transfer ratio was discussed respectively. The characteristics of the pulsating flow enhanced heat transfer were analyzed, and the academic research and engineering application of pulsating heat transfer was proposed. This inevitably has an optimal pulsating frequency value at which the maximum vortex generation can be obtained within one pulsation cycle to obtain maximum heat transfer effect, for example, in this experiment; the optimal frequency is 1-1.25 Hz. The effect of Reynolds number Re on the low-frequency pulsation convection heat transfer process is that the low-frequency pulsation can only enhance the convective heat transfer within a certain range of Reynolds numbers. If it exceeds this range, the convective heat transfer is weakened.
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Статья научная
Study of urban public transport management on the basis of logistical approach today is of high relevance. For a long time, logistical concepts in transport have only been applied in the freight transport field of activities. However, logistical principles might be meaningful for systemic organization and management of civil passenger traffic. The given paper describes the use of logistical approach and technique in passenger transport, as a logistical chain of operators and infrastructure interacting through logistical links allowing for optimizing the production of transport services, meeting the needs of different population categories through the proper management of available economic resources. The paper proposes the use of logistical approaches in the systems of urban public transport. They should help to formulate the new principles of management, planning and control over material and their attendant flows, and to become the main competitive advantage in the market of transport services.
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Статья научная
This paper considers the ecological condition of Khojasan Lake on the Absheron Peninsula by drawing together available monitoring data and technical reports that describe recent changes in the lake’s water quality. A multi-parameter monitoring programme was implemented in 2023–2025, covering 41 physicochemical and hydrochemical indicators measured at three water depths. The analysis reflects how long-standing industrial use of the territory, rapid urban expansion, and alterations of natural drainage systems have shaped the current hydrochemical profile of the lake. The discussion focuses on several groups of indicators that are commonly applied in environmental assessments—salinity, nutrient enrichment, organic load, and suspended matter—because they provide the clearest picture of ongoing degradation processes. In parallel, the paper reviews technological options that have been proposed for improving water quality in arid and semi-arid regions, with particular attention to solar-powered treatment units, modified filtration systems, and low-maintenance monitoring devices suitable for continuous observation. A pilot MMF unit supplied by a photovoltaic array was operated under real field conditions. The treatment demonstrated substantial improvements in key performance metrics, including marked decreases in turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand, and notable reductions in dissolved metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, and others. Bringing these strands together makes it possible to identify the pressures that are most influential for Khojasan Lake today and to outline practical directions for future monitoring and management. The material is intended to serve as a consolidated reference for specialists involved in the restoration of inland water bodies on the Absheron Peninsula.
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Environmental education as a condition of human potential
Статья научная
The article explains the directions of the formation of human potential of the concept of ecological education. The concept of human potential is understood as a reflection of an individual’s self-confidence and their capacity for growth and transformation. The factor of development and real exploration of human potential is the individual’s satisfaction with his activity, combined with the desire to grow and develop in a certain area. Human potential encompasses the physical and spiritual capabilities of individuals that can be directed toward achieving both personal and societal objectives, particularly through the pursuit of self-actualization. The main content is the preservation and development of people’s individual spiritual, cultural and humanistic world, in which environmental education plays a special role. The main component of environmental education is educational potential and is indicated as human potential concerning a person through one of the main areas. The principles of human potential development in the field of environmental education are substantiated: stimulation of raising the level of ecological culture of the population, especially young people; establishment of effective interaction between regional authorities, large enterprises, public organizations and environmental activists; identification of the functions of human potential in the provision of resources in the field of environmental education. Here, environmental education and awareness, which contribute to the humanistic, spiritual, moral and social development of the individual, are currently becoming relevant in the context of the formation of human potential. The ecological education carried out by representatives of formal and non-formal education, as well as their interaction techniques with other institutions of society, are analyzed. The substantial aspects of the modern development of ecological education, as well as the primary problems in this area, are considered.
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Статья научная
Necrobacteriosis (Necrobacteriosis, Necrobacillosis) is an infectious disease characterized by purulent-necrotic lesions of tissues and organs. All types of domestic animals and most wild animals can be infected with necrobacteriosis. Bovine animals and small ruminants, pigs, horses, including humans, are susceptible to the disease. Young animals are more susceptible and more likely to develop a disease than adults. The nidus is diseased animals and bacterial carriers. The causative agent is anaerobic Fusobacterium necrophorum. The pathogen is localized in the skin and underlying tissues, limbs and udder, and in some cases on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. The causative agent of necrobacteriosis is also widespread in the environment (livestock premises, sports grounds, manure, soil, pastures, sources of dead water, etc.).
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Epizootological state of salmonella-infected honeybee colonies in the southern region of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
In 2020-2021, the number of apiaries and honeybee colonies in villages located in 3 regions of the Masalli district (lowland, foothill and mountainous territories) and the degree of their infection with salmonellae were determined. Salmonellosis is one of the characteristic diseases of honeybee colonies, widespread throughout the Masalli district. Infection of honeybee colonies with salmonellae led to a slowdown in the activity of colony, a decrease in productivity, and even the death of the honeybee colony. As a result of the conducted studies, the epizootological state and the degree of salmonella infection were detected in the lowland (24.1%), foothill (38.0%) and mountainous (45.8%) areas.
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Estimation methodology of efficiency of production capacity management at textile enterprises
Статья научная
In this article have been made an attempt to develop theoretical provisions and methodological recommendations for evaluating the efficiency of managing the production capacity of enterprises in the textile industry. Methodological basis of this research was works of foreign and domestic scientists-economists in this field. This research has been based on a general scientific methodology that involves the use of statistical analysis and economic-mathematical methods. The practical significance of the research results is that the obtained scientific and methodological results can be used by textile industry enterprises to solve the tasks of managing production capacities. The methodology for assessing the effectiveness of management of production capacity can be used by managers and specialists of textile enterprises in the process of developing measures to increase production capacity and increase the level of their use. The developed by the author results of the research are proposed for use in the educational process when studying the disciplines “Enterprise Economics”, “Operational Management”, “Production Management”, “Production Management” by students and students of economic specialties of universities.
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Estimation of the relaxation time of non-Newtonian oils
Статья научная
The article discusses a technique for identifying the features of the lifting process of abnormal oils that significantly affect the flow rate of the working agent. When assessing the relaxation time of non-Newtonian oils, it was found that with an increase in temperature, a degeneration of viscoelastic properties is noted, which in turn affects, under the same conditions, the specific consumption of the working composition, which tends to increase.
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Estimation the role of small business in increasing export potential of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This paper studies the role of small business in the economy and its sectors in Uzbekistan, as well as estimates their role in increasing and diversifying the export potential of Uzbekistan. Moreover, gives a brief and short description and results of reforms and programs held in the creation of a favorable environment for small business. As consequences of those reforms, the number of small business in Uzbekistan increasing steadily. Also acknowledged that agriculture plays a great role in the expansion and diversification of export in the state since it has absolute and comparative advantages in external trade. The share of small business in GDP have a positive high impact on the total amount of export 241.9 million dollars. Moreover, calculations show that there is high elasticity between the share of small business in export and GDP, industry, agriculture high enough. Conclusions indicate the role of agriculture especially small business in agriculture is very effective in increasing the share of small business in export.
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Ethical principles and censorship practices in simultaneous interpretation
Статья научная
The article examines the ethical principles and censorship practices in simultaneous interpretation, emphasizing that this process is an integral part of a translator's professional activity. It analyzes the need to maintain a balance between translation accuracy and adherence to the cultural and social norms of the audience. The article explores theoretical approaches to censorship, including neutrality, harm minimization, and respect for cultural differences, as well as practical methods such as omission, soft reformulation, adaptation, and paraphrasing. Practical examples are analyzed where censorship of texts helps to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings. It is emphasized that effective censorship requires not only the translator's professional knowledge and skills but also the ability to promptly adapt the text depending on the context and cultural characteristics of the audience.
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Статья научная
The prevention of hereditary diseases associated with gene and chromosomal disorders, in particular multifactorial-polygenic diseases is one of actual areas of medical genotyping. For the first time in the population of the Republic of Azerbaijan we have identified mutations C174T and C235T of the angiotensinogen gene and mutation C677T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene both in the control group and among patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Reliable connections for the frequency of occurrence of polymorphism of the C174T and C235T alleles of the angiotensinogen gene and polymorphism of the C677T allele of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene were found with a statistical method. To identify the ethno-geographic relationship of the mutations C174T and C235T of the AGT gene for the population of the Azerbaijan Republic, we examined practically healthy individuals and patients with CVD. The composition of this group was multinational and corresponded to the main national and ethnic composition of the Republic. The distribution of the identified mutations C174T and C235T of the AGT gene, as well as the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene among ethnic groups of the Azerbaijan Republic is identified as uneven.
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Статья научная
The research was carried out in the arid regions of Azerbaijan in 2021-2023. The main goal of the research was to provide a bioecological and phytocoenological analysis of species of the genus Chenopodium , widespread as a weed plant, in the composition of coenosis, and to reveal the possibilities of use based on ethnobotanical surveys among the population. Floristic, phytocoenological, ethnobotanical methods were used during the research. It was determined that 15 species of the genus in Azerbaijan flora are more widespread in the plains and mid-mountain belt, mainly in the desert, semi-desert steppe vegetation, and in cultivated areas. During the surveys conducted among the local population, it became clear that only 10 species of the genus are used, of which 5 species are used only as wild vegetables, 3 species are used only for treatment in folk medicine, and one species - Chenopodium album is used by the population both as a medicinal plant and as a vegetable plant. It has been recorded that one species ( Chenopodium foliosum ) of the genus is used as a dye plant.
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