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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7297
Статья научная
This article presents a comparative analysis of the teaching methodologies employed for English and Chinese language instruction in technological universities. It examines both traditional and innovative pedagogical approaches, highlighting their integration with technical curricula and the specific challenges encountered in such environments. By reviewing current literature and analyzing empirical data, the study identifies key factors influencing language acquisition, including curriculum design, teacher qualifications, and the application of educational technology. The findings offer insights into optimizing language instruction to enhance both linguistic proficiency and professional competencies, and they provide recommendations for curriculum development and policy-making in higher education.
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Статья научная
In the length of time, a wide variety of drug combinations emerged in the management of post-transplantation therapy in order to improve the survival of the recipient and graft. However, the efficacy and safety of the applied combinations regarding the rejection and other complications are continuing to be the subject of research. In our study, our aim is to compare the effects of various combinations, namely cyclosporine with mycophenolate mofetil/mofetil mycophenolic acid with prednisolone and tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil/mofetil mycophenolic acid with prednisolone in a length of time. Methods. A total of 204 patients included into the study who received post-renal transplantation treatment in Scientific-Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organs Transplantation and followed-up over a 10-year period. The estimated survival probabilities in the study were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method; whereas intragroup comparisons were evaluated by Log-rang, Breslow, and Tarone-Ware tests. Complications occurred in patients with combinations were analyzed by Chi-square and its alternatives. Hazard risk factors were tested by Cox regression analysis. Results. Of these 204 patients, 36 received Cyclosporin combination (CCG) and 168 Tacrolimus combination (TCG). The estimated life expectancy of the patients of TCG was significantly longer than the CCG ones. Furthermore, gender and age did not have a significant effect on survival depending on time, however, gender and age-related hazard factor showed a significant difference in the groups. It was determined that chronic rejection was significantly different in patients who used tacrolimus combinations, the difference was close to the significant value in acute rejection analysis. Other adverse events, namely, infection, tumour and organ damage were statistically less common in the patient group treated with tacrolimus combinations. Conclusion. In general, TCG showed better results in contrast to CCG.
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Статья научная
This article compares three prominent villains - Macbeth, Brutus and Iago in three famous tragedies: Macbeth, Julius Caesar and Othello by William Shakespeare according to the terms of intelligence and devilry. These two main aspects are considered for the analysis to find the main similarities and differences and categorize their villainy on the basis of devilry.
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Comparative analysis of prevalence of oral caries in the Kyrgyzstan and Indian population
Статья научная
Oral hygiene plays a very crucial role in every individual from the birth of a human. Oral health cannot be denied specially when it comes to the initial stage of life. The aim of this article is to compare the oral health in the population of India and Kyrgyzstan (6-15 years). It is important to notice, diagnose treat and prevent the prevalence of dental diseases as it has an impact on the physical mental and social life of an individual. Due to the consumption of unhealthy fast food, high quantity of sugar, and deteriorated oral hygiene has resulted into dental impairment and has made room for various dental diseases as toddlers are more easily prone to oral complications or conditions that have a very negative effect on their quality of life. Oral cavity carries out the basic and vital functions for the eventual and progressive tasks for rest of the human body. A smile is a confinement of a person’s self-confidence, self-esteem, personal and social habits, health and lifestyle. Therefore, it is obligatory to keep safe and prevent from disease as it can be fatal in the future or be a root cause of other health complications.
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Comparative analysis of rare and endangered plants of Hirkan dendroflora
Статья научная
In the research work has been comparatively analyzed the Hirkan dendroflora and have been collected herbariums of rare and endangered trees and shrubs. There are identified 26 families, 40 genera, 60 species of rare and endangered trees and shrubs naturally spreading areas, distribution of individuals in populations, have been performed tree-ring analysis on old samples. As a result of the observations have been determined, that in the Hirkan flora the majority of species in the areas have been diminished and decreased compared to previous years, many species are in danger of being disappeared. From this point of view by the monitorings of the area were studied threat criteria, the reasons of decline in plant varieties, those plants have been identified based on version of IUCN 3.1. In the research work have been processed out the protection measures, the biological features of species, the causes of change in natural resources.
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Comparative analysis of rural and urban English language education
Статья научная
This paper explores the differences in English language education between rural and urban schools, focusing on the factors influencing learning outcomes. The study examines access to qualified teachers, teaching materials, technological resources, and student motivation. Trends and new directions in English language education are discussed, alongside a comparative analysis of proficiency levels in rural and urban settings. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods to assess disparities and suggest improvements for equitable language education.
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Статья научная
This article explores the sentencing practices for crimes committed against minors in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, providing a comparative analysis of legislative frameworks, judicial approaches, and the application of punitive and rehabilitative measures, highlighting similarities, differences, legal gaps, and offering recommendations for harmonizing practices.
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Статья научная
The research was conducted on sheep farms located in the Absheron region in 2015-2020. The major helminth fauna in sheep in the private and farmer farms of the Absheron region was found to consist of helminth species: Fasciola hepatica , F. gigantica , Dicrocoelium lanceatum , Paramphistomum cervi , Moniezia expansa , M. benedeni , Taenia hydatigena , T. ovis , Multiceps multiceps , Echinococcus granulosus , Protostrongylus hobmaieri , P. kochi , P. railleti , Muellerius capillaris , Trichocephalus ovis , Chabertia ovina , Haemonchus contortus , Dictyocaulus filaria . The extensiveness and intensity of the distribution of the 18 main helminths detected in the region by the complete helminthological dissection method in 19 research areas (14 in the Absheron peninsula: Zire, Hovsan, Mashtagha, Mehdiabad, Gobu, Sulutepe, Z. Taghiyev, Fatmayi, Novkhani, Mammadli, Khirdalan, Jeyranbatan, Mushvigabad, Guzdek; 5 in the Khizi region: Yeni Yashma, Shorabad, Altiaghaj, Gizilgazma, Tudar) are described in tables. Higher invasion levels were identified for T. ovis (43.2%, 1-53 samples), E. granulosus (39.2%, 1-18 samples), H. contortus (35.0%, 2-56 samples), and they were considered the dominant helminth species of the region. Based on the complete helminthological dissection, in the Absheron peninsula, IE was 17.7% and II was 1-64 samples, and in the Khizi district, IE was 29.0% and II was 1-83 samples. Thus, complete helminthological examination methods allowed us to conclude that the infection rate in the Khizi region is higher than in the Absheron Peninsula. This makes it necessary for farmers and veterinarians to start veterinary sanitary measures, both prophylactic and treatment measures against helminths in the Khizi district.
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Comparative analysis of the eroded soils on the slopes of the Calderon region, Ecuador
Статья научная
The paper presents the comparative analysis of the eroded soils on slopes. The analysis is based on the materials of field investigations and soil erosion loss models. The developed and earlier approved mathematical soil erosion models proved not to be effective for the Equatorial Andes zone. The results, in relative measurements, may be taken into consideration only as the prerequisites for potential soil erosion loss and be primarily used to support the choice of a key-site for field investigations. The slope soils vulnerable to erosion were investigated. It is revealed that the soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The comparative analysis of the soils on the steep slopes indicated insignificant change of their characteristics in accordance with the slope angle inclination.
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Статья научная
In the research and test of diesel engine, because the performance test of multi cylinder engine with different configuration needs to be replaced, and there is a certain risk in the first test, while the single cylinder engine is more suitable for the research and test of different configurations because of its simple structure and convenient replacement of components. Therefore, by comparing the differences of combustion state between single cylinder engine and multi cylinder engine with the same configuration, the change law of performance characteristics of single cylinder engine and multi cylinder engine under different working conditions is confirmed. By analyzing the difference of emission performance of single cylinder engine with different configuration, the emission performance of multi cylinder engine under different configuration is predicted. The research in this paper has important significance for further research and test of diesel engine.
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Статья научная
Postoperative Ventral Hernias to this day remain one of the main pathologies of planned and urgent surgical interventions. The purpose of the study is to study the immune response in patients with postoperative ventral hernias who underwent auto and alloplastic hernioplasty methods. The study included 40 patients diagnosed with postoperative ventral hernia, including 25 men (62.25%) and 15 women (37.5%). In men, the average age was 45.6±2.3 years, and in women 57.2±3.2 years. Patients are divided into 2 groups. Group I are patients who underwent autoplastic methods and group II patients who underwent alloplastic hernioplasty methods. The complex of immunological examination included the determination of a subpopulation of lymphocytes with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 receptors, interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and immunoglobulins A, M, G. Immunological examination of blood parameters in patients with postoperative ventral hernias revealed the following changes. There is an upward trend in all indicators. In group I, the leukocyte level was increased by +0.2±0.01, and in group II, the indicators were within the normal range. The level of monocytes in patients who underwent alloplasty increased by +1.5±0.2. There was an increase in the concentration of T and B lymphocytes with GD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 receptors on the 7th day after surgery in patients of the first group was +1.85±0.3, +1.6±0.4, +1.6±0.1, +1.5±0.2. And in patients of the second group, the initial level of indicators was lower and increased by +1.2±0.1, +1.4±0.2, +1.67±0.65, +1.03±0.45. The level of IL6 and IL 10 in the postoperative period increased in patients of the first group by +1.55±0.2 and +1±0.9, in the second group it was IL 6 +0.9±1.2, IL 10 +0.8±1.2. The study shows that the indicators of the humoral cell type tended to increase, which shows the result. Conclusions. Patients with postoperative ventral hernias who have undergone autoplastic and alloplastic hernioplasty methods in dynamics, the immunological reactivity indicators significantly increase on the 7th day, in comparison with the initial blood parameters. Namely, in patients who have undergone autoplastic methods of hernioplasty. The use of conventional suture materials in autogernioplasty increases the risk of developing an inflammatory process in the early and long-term postoperative period, in contrast to the use of polypropylene mesh prostheses.
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Статья научная
Data are presented on the biomorphoecological characteristics, comparative phytochemical composition, distribution, pharmacological effects, and the possibility of use in scientific and folk medicine of species belonging to the genus Satureja L. of the genus Lamiaceae Lindl. The object of study are 2 species common in the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan: Satureja macrantha C. A. Mey. (large-flowered savory) and Satureja hortensis L. (garden savory). The current state of populations of large-flowered and garden mint species has been studied, and environmental changes have been identified. To carry out the chemical composition, plants of these species were dried, crushed and prepared for analysis in the laboratory under standard conditions. The oil was extracted and analyzed by hydrodistillation (Ginsberg). The resulting oil was analyzed on a chromatographic installation Crystal 2000 M. Essential oils were isolated and analyzed. The substances under study are used in medicine.
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Статья научная
A comparative genetic study of local and introduced breeds of cattle in the farms of the Khizi district was carried out. Cattle of various breeds are kept on the territory of the region at enterprises of legal entities and individuals, in farms belonging to individual owners. Introduced breeds of cattle, beef and dairy cattle make up 0.0029% of the total livestock. Simmental (25%), Holstein-Frisian (27%), Brown Swiss (12%) and Aberdeen-Angus (7%) breeds are derived from introduced beef and dairy cattle. For a comparative study of the genomes of local and introduced breeds of cattle, blood samples were taken, DNA was obtained and prepared for further analysis.
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Статья научная
This work considers the significance of spontaneous immunoglobulin-synthesizing activity of B-lymphocytes (SIAL) in various clinical variants of reactive arthritis (ReA). It was found that an increased level of SIAL was found in patients with autoimmune diseases (AS, RA, and SLE) from 72.2% to 88.8%, in 57.9% of patients with RHEA, only 10% of healthy individuals, and only 27.3% of patients with osteoarthritis. It was shown that Rea with a high degree of activity and a chronic course of the disease, the values of SIAL were higher than with minimal and moderate degrees of activity and acute and prolonged courses of the disease.
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Comparison of vocational pedagogical education in Finland and Czech Republic
Статья научная
The pace of the Russian Economy is increasing rapidly therefore it requires more specialists who will fit in the current standards. That is why we have decided to look through specialists the training in Finland and Czech Republic.
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Celiac Disease
Статья научная
Celiac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals following the ingestion of gluten, a protein complex found in wheat, barley, and rye. It is primarily characterized by an abnormal adaptive immune response, leading to inflammation and structural damage in the small intestine. The hallmark pathological feature of the disease is villous atrophy—flattening and shortening of the intestinal villi—alongside crypt hyperplasia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis, all of which contribute to impaired nutrient absorption and the clinical manifestation of malabsorption syndrome. At the molecular level, gluten is incompletely digested in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the accumulation of immunogenic proline- and glutamine-rich peptides. These peptides are further modified by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTG) through deamidation, enhancing their affinity for HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules on antigen-presenting cells in the intestinal mucosa. This interaction stimulates the activation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines and recruit other immune cells, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue injury. Additionally, patients with celiac disease develop circulating autoantibodies against tTG, which are used as diagnostic markers. While the cornerstone of treatment is a strict lifelong gluten-free diet, adherence can be challenging, and accidental exposure remains a common problem. As a result, current research is increasingly focused on developing alternative or adjunctive therapies, including enzyme supplementation, zonulin pathway blockers, and immunomodulatory agents, which aim to improve intestinal barrier function or regulate the immune response. These approaches offer promising avenues for more comprehensive disease management in the future.
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Статья научная
This study assessed the ecological status of the Shahagachi coastal area (Azerbaijan, Caspian Sea) using fish as bioindicators. The study was conducted on 16 specimens of mullet (Liza saliens) and 15 specimens of kutum (Rutilus frisii cutum). A comprehensive approach was employed to evaluate the condition of the fish, including a genotoxic analysis based on nuclear aberrations in erythrocytes and a histopathological analysis of the gills. The genotoxic analysis revealed pathologies in fish erythrocytes such as nuclear deformation, invagination, and displacement, and in some cases, micronuclei. However, the level of detected pathological cells in the blood of mullet (1.65±0.06%) and kutum (2.12±0.18%) remained within the physiological reference range (<5%). Histological examination of the gills of both species showed protective and adaptive changes, such as hyperplasia, curvature, and fusion of secondary lamellae, and an uneven distribution of secondary lamellar hyperplasia; parasitic infestations were also detected.An integrated assessment of the results indicated that the studied fish populations are experiencing a state of mild physiological stress. It was concluded that the environmental conditions in the Shahagachi area, while not causing critical damage, create unfavorable background conditions for aquatic organisms, which underscores the need for further monitoring to prevent ecosystem degradation.
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Comprehensive teaching of subjects in the lower grades of the school
Статья научная
Techniques are considered on how to teach the Kyrgyz language, how to enhance the activities and skills of students. It is recommended to integrate the study of the alphabet with teaching in other academic subjects and the use of different methods in teaching. It is concluded that if the teacher conducts a lesson with research in accordance with his skills, then the lessons of the past will be better absorbed.
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Статья научная
The questions of using computer technology in teaching and learning English language are considered. Computer technology presents a special communication environment between people. The environment includes the representations of different nations, ages, professions irrespective of their location.
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Concept of “ай”/“moon’’ in Kyrgyz and English anthroponyms
Статья научная
This article examines the concept of “Ай”/”Moon” in Kyrgyz and English anthroponyms. The relevance of the work lies in the study of the concept of the celestial body in the comparative aspect of the mentioned languages. The proper name is derived from the complex of factors that constitute the structure of the society of the native speakers of a given language and therefore it is an excellent object within the framework of the study of the concept. In the course of the analysis, a qualitative method was applied, which revealed that the concept of the moon is more expressed in Kyrgyz anthroponyms regardless of gender and in various combinations, while in English anthroponyms the concept appears indirectly reflecting the influence of Greek and Roman mythology.
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