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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8014
Distribution of species of the genus Gentiana in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Species of the Gentiana genus can be found in almost all regions of Azerbaijan. Basically, most species of gentians are distributed in the high mountain belt. During the research conducted in the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany, the new habitats of two species belonging to the Gentiana genus was determined. G. septemfida Pall. is found in the territory of Bilgah village, Absheron district. New habitat for G. asclepiadea L. - is Lesser Caucasus (north), Gadabey area.
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Статья научная
The territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan is rich in fodder plants. Despite this, pastures and hayfields in livestock farms are not used for their direct purpose. This, naturally, negatively affects the development of livestock breeding. As is known, plants of legume family are rich in nitrogen. Animals grazing regularly in these areas develop various gastrointestinal tumours when eating the wet mass of the plant. For this purpose, legumes should be used as dry feed. During 2024, studies were conducted to investigate the forage and chemical composition of Vicia elegans Guss species, including its distribution. Starting from early spring months, pastures and hayfields on the territory of the Batabat plateau were surveyed, and the use of the species ‘ Vicia elegans Guss’ in animal husbandry was studied. During the study, the ratio of dry matter and protein in leaves and stems of the plant collected from the Batabat plateau was determined.
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Статья научная
Modern researchers unequivocally state an unfavorable picture of the mass burnout of the personnel of medical institutions. However, the descriptions of research materials do not contain data on the burnout of specialists from medical institutions for pregnant women and newborns. It has been suggested that the value aura of obstetrical activity stimulates the employees to manifest a humanistic mission in the profession, which also protects them from burnout. Empirical hypothesis testing is organized alternatively to traditional. Instead of studying the causes and level of burnout, factors of resistance to it were analyzed from cross-cultural positions. The method of statistical analysis of the critical values (φ* Fisher’s criterion; factor of critical values of selective correlation of Pirson r ) revealed similar and different indicators between the respondents from Kazakhstan and Germany. The indicators of the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), the SOC (Sense of Coherence) of A. Antonovsky etc. were compared. Differences in quantitative indicators served as a starting point for ascertaining the differences and their interpretation. Both groups of medical workers demonstrated favorable results. The respondents of both countries showed a pronounced professional resource of burnout resistance. The reason for this can be called the high social responsibility of physicians for the results of their work in countries focused on increasing demographic indicators. Differences are related to the overall level of burnout resistance (in Germany it is higher) and emotional exhaustion in particular (in Kazakhstan it is more favorable). The cross-cultural nature of the differences is due to the traditionally established resources of burnout resistance. These are professional and organizational resources in Germany (technological ordering, discipline and predictability of labor outcomes) and psychotherapeutic resources in Kazakhstan (emotional and personal support from colleagues and the environment).
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Doing business 2017: equal opportunity for all as a vector of regulation of the business environment
Статья научная
The article analyzes small entrepreneurship as one of the leading sectors of economy, determines rate of economic growth, conditions of employment of population, structure and quality of GDP. Purpose. To study the current state of business climate for entities of small and private entrepreneurship; to analyze the existing range of problems in the sphere of effective state regulation of business activity in the country; to conduct a detailed analysis of structure and dynamics of the World Bank report ranking of Doing Business 2017: equal opportunity for all in conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in two years. Methodology. Observational, statistical analysis and purposeful monitoring of the leading ranking organizations of a business climate for small entrepreneurship were used. Various criteria influencing conditions of institutional and entrepreneurial environments were analyzed. Results. Development of small business is responsible to global trends of formation of flexible competitive economy, combination of different forms of ownership and their appropriate economic model in which difficult synthesis of a competitive market mechanism and state regulation of small and large business has been implemented. Therefore, author made attempt to study problems of effective regulation of small entrepreneurship, institutional ensuring business activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan and interaction of business with the government and institutional players of market. Conclusions. Based on detailed studying of the international ranking institutions and inspections of the entrepreneurial environment Doing Business 2017 on the example of Uzbekistan, the author makes proposals on enhancement of entrepreneurship development and improvement of business climate in the country.
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Статья научная
The faba bean Vicia faba L. is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Archaeological excavations show that this plant was first cultivated 10,000 years ago. During the Neolithic period (Stone Age), humans grew faba beans as a primary food source. In the Roman Empire, faba beans were widely used as both food and animal feed. Faba bean Vicia faba L. is a food crop known for its excellent taste and high-quality flavor. The composition of this plant contains 50-60% carbohydrates, 5-10% fiber, and 1-2% fats, mainly saturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids). It is rich in B-group vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), and B6 vitamins. The plant also contains microelements such as Fe, K, Mg, P, Ca, and Zn, and fresh beans have a higher content of vitamin C. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties. The research was conducted on 15 samples of faba bean Vicia faba L.. The aim was to determine the resistance of these samples to drought, salinity, and high temperatures. Leaf samples were taken to evaluate resistance to drought and salinity, and to measure photosynthetic indicators such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll (a + b), and carotenoids. The most drought- and stress-resistant samples were selected. Additionally, the protein content, amounts of essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan, moisture content, 100-seed weight, cooking time, water absorption capacity, and resistance to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases were also determined. The high levels of protein and essential amino acids in the faba bean make it valuable for both food and animal feed purposes.
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Статья научная
This paper investigates the dynamic pricing and energy management of integrated electric and thermal energy systems through the Stackelberg game approach, for the upper tier leader problem, the revenue of the integrated energy system as a whole is used as the objective function, taking into account the electricity price and related constraints such as the heat price, for the lower follower problem, a leader-follower Stackelberg game model is constructed with the highest user satisfaction as the objective function, Constraints such as power balance conditions and thermal balance conditions of the system are also taken into account, The upper level of the model is solved using a differential evolutionary algorithm, Lower level solver using CPLEX solver. The simulation results show that the proposed model not only effectively weighs the interests of the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator, but also achieves a win-win situation for both the customer aggregator and the external grid, and the solution algorithm used protects the data privacy between the integrated energy system and the customer aggregator.
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Dynamic regression models of forecasting indicators of social and economic security
Статья научная
Dynamic multi-factor regression models make it possible to take into account the dynamics of the proportions of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security and indicators in the retrospective period. The defects of such a model include the complexity of selecting indicators and determining their values in the lead period, the difficulty of forming multivariate static regression models, the development of predictive models of regression coefficients. Without paying attention to the statistical significance of multivariate models used to form a dynamic model, the values of regression coefficients over the years have all the chances to fluctuate significantly in the time series of these coefficients. The alternately decreasing or rising regression coefficients due to the modification of the impact of indicators on the dynamics of the values of the resulting indicator of socio-economic security often does not allow to create a forecast model.
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Dynamics of accumulation of flavonoids in different organs of Sambucus nigra and S. ebulus
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the phytochemical study of flavonoids in various organs of species of the Sambucus L. genus. The results of studying the dynamics of accumulation of the amount of flavonoids in the composition of S. nigra and S. ebulus species depending on the phases of plant development in various organs showed that during the vegetation period the amount of flavonoids undergoes a sharp change. It was established that in the generative organs of the studied species S. nigra and S. ebulus , the maximum amount of flavonoids accumulates in flowers (7.34%, 5.58%, respectively), the minimum amount in green fruits (1.91%, 2.83%). In the vegetative organs, the maximum amount accumulates in the leaves (4.94, 4.91%), and the minimum amount in roots (0.95%, 0.67%) and stems (1.46, 1.32%). The results obtained are of practical importance, since they indicate the possibility of using various plant organs as a source of raw materials for the production of flavonoids.
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Dynamics of population of Primorsky krai
Статья научная
In the real work the demographic situation in separately taken region is considered. In the Concept of population policy of the Russian Federation until 2025 one of solutions of population policy is “involvement of migrants according to requirements of demographic and social and economic development, taking into account need of their social adaptation and integration”. This decision leads only to visible improvements of a demographic situation leading to emergence of various social problems in respect of national identity. Therefore within work extent of influence of various regional factors on population is investigated. Various socio-economic indexes reflecting the standard of living of the population and development of the region act as the key indicators characterizing dynamics of population. On their basis to be under construction the corresponding regression model which factorial signs are number given rise, number of the dead and number of the registered crimes. To be carried out statistical assessment of the importance and degree of adequacy to the constructed model. Ways of increase in population in Primorsky Krai, as a result of carrying out the social policy directed to change of factorial signs are offered. The corresponding positive forecast of dynamics of population is constructed.
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Ecocritical approach to Plakha by Ch. Aitmatov
Статья научная
The present paper is devoted to the ecocritical analysis of Ch. Aitmatov’s novel "The place of the Skull". The topicality of this paper lays on the questions of ecology that are being at stake globally in the 21st century and that has become relevant for Kyrgyzstan as never before. Representation of the environmental issues in literature is crucial, and Aitmatov, whose works often contain themes of relationship between nature and human is perfect to study. In our analysis we distinguish the wolf pair as main characters, setting and human depiction. With the close reading as the method we reveal the author’s concern of growing human ignorance towards the nature and the extinction of unique flora and fauna in Central Asia. The research concludes that Aitmatov warns humanity about the future, where both: human and its surrounding nature suffer losses.
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Ecogeographic Characteristics and Agro-productive Assessment of the Shurud-Paradash Depression Soils
Статья научная
This article presents an eco-geographical assessment of the soil cover of the Shurud-Paradash Depression, located in the lowland zone of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The main objective of the study is to investigate the eco-geographical conditions of the area and assess the current state of its soils. As a result of comprehensive field and laboratory studies conducted in 2025, 25 soil types were identified in the area, and their morphological, physical, and chemical properties were analyzed. The study used a 100-point bonit scale, classifying soils into five quality groups: the highest rating was given to mountain brown soils (100 points), and the lowest to rocky riverbeds (14 points). The article presents a detailed study of the climatic conditions, hydrology, and landscape structure of the region, emphasizing the problems of degradation and water scarcity. Based on the results of the study, important practical proposals were put forward for the sustainable development of agriculture in the region, such as the restoration of water channels from the Gilanchay, the construction of new reservoirs, the repair of irrigation systems, and the creation of forest belts to combat erosion. This assessment is of strategic importance for both preserving the ecological balance and the socio-economic revival of the area.
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Ecogeographical problems of air pollution in the big cities of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
In connection with the development of urbanization, the protection of cities and the environment, issues of restoring the ecological balance become an urgent issue. The scale and intensity of product development in Azerbaijan enhance the anthropogenic impact on the nature of the regions. Such an effect is manifested in the pollution of soils with industrial, household waste, chemical fertilizers, the burning of hydrocarbons, the emission of harmful substances in the water and vehicles into the environment. Like in the whole world and in Azerbaijan, such negative processes are no exception. In this regard, the environmental problems of cities and urban agglomerations around the world are in the focus of attention of specialists and scientists. The presented article considers environmental and geographic problems that arose as a result of air emissions in 8 cities of Azerbaijan. The historical properties of studying atmospheric pollution in cities are analyzed, ecogeographic methods for studying atmospheric pollution of cities are identified, environmental pollutants of large cities and the ecogeographic properties of their influence are considered...
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Статья научная
The territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is very rich in vegetation. The location of the territory in a sharply continental climate zone has also had a great influence on the flora. Whether it be high mountain, medium mountain, lowland or flat areas, various groups of plants inhabit this territory. Thus, plant species with medicinal, fodder, technical, vegetable and other properties are found in our Republic. One of the most widespread families in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the Plantaginaceae Juss. family. During my research, I studied in detail the taxonomic composition, bioecological characteristics, distribution areas and life forms of species of the Plantaginaceae family (Plantaginaceae Juss.) common in this territory. During the research, the vegetation period of all three species of the family was fully traced over a certain period (one year). It was established that species of the Plantaginaceae family (Plantaginaceae Juss.) are also widely used in folk medicine.
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Ecological Monitoring of Breeding Populations of Anatinae in the Absheron Peninsula (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
From 2018 to 2025, a year-round, species-specific monitoring of mallards in the Absheron Peninsula was conducted, covering both abundance and all key aspects of biology. The data obtained allowed us to identify certain species characteristics associated with their habitat in anthropogenically transformed areas and reliably demonstrate the existence of a well-established mallard population. For the first time, the socioeconomic conditions for the use of existing duck resources were examined, and recommendations for resource management were provided. The information obtained significantly complements existing data on duck biology and can be used to adjust hunting parameters in suburban hunting areas.
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Ecological Status and Conservation of Natural Forage Areas in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article investigates the distribution, degradation status, and conservation measures of natural forage areas, such as meadows and pastures, which constitute the main fodder base for livestock farming in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It is noted that improper and uncontrolled use of these areas has led to changes in the botanical composition of meadows and pastures, as well as degradation of soil and vegetation cover. In this context, the efficient and sustainable use of natural forage lands in agriculture is of great importance. The study reveals that meadows are mainly located in the subalpine grasslands of mountainous regions and river valleys; summer pastures are situated in the alpine meadow zone, while winter pastures occupy the semi-desert zone of the Araz plain. The total area of natural forage lands in the Autonomous Republic amounts to 82,532 hectares, of which 3,177 hectares are meadows, 9,228 hectares are summer pastures, and 70,127 hectares are winter pastures. Intensive use of pasture lands has resulted in soil compaction due to trampling; in summer pastures, the turf layer has been damaged, and soil erosion and degradation have been observed. In winter pastures, the spread of weed species and soil salinization have increased. Currently, 7,325 hectares of summer pastures and 56,642 hectares of winter pastures have become unsuitable for agricultural use. Overall, 63,967 hectares (approximately 80%) of natural forage lands are assessed as degraded pastures. This trend contributes to landscape deterioration, loss of biological diversity, and an increased risk of desertification. Therefore, the protection, restoration, and sustainable use of natural forage resources require the implementation of comprehensive measures. The article also proposes specific recommendations aimed at preventing the degradation of meadows and pastures.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the determination of the composition and quantitative diversity of phytochemicals - phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and organic acids - in Punica granatum L. populations distributed in the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus. The main reason for studying this diversity is to evaluate the interaction between ecological factors, including altitudinal gradients, soil properties, humidity, temperature, and light regimes. The article reflects, on a scientific basis, the mechanisms of influence of ecological variability on the phytochemical profile. These populations, depending on the ecological conditions reflecting the climate and soil diversity of the region, undergo regular changes and spread throughout the territory, playing an important role in the formation of the adaptive capabilities and phytochemical diversity of the species. The levels of tannins and phenolic acids in pomegranate populations increased significantly under nitrogen limitation. This increase reflects the adaptation of the plant to metabolic stress. The increase in anthocyanin and total phenol levels in populations accompanied by water deficit is explained by the compensation of drought-induced oxidative stress.
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Ecological analysis of some Azerbaijan phanerophytes in ex situ conditions
Статья научная
Analyzes of the relationship of 115 species of phanerophytes used in cultural conditions (Azerbaijan) against some abiotic factors (light, temperature, water, wind, etc.) have been presented in the paper. 2 species of these taxa are hygrophytes, 56 species are mesophytes, 23 species are xerophytes, 9 species are mesoskerophytes and 25 species are xeromesophytes have been determined depending from the relationship with water according to the results of analyzes. 100 light-loving species, 15 shade-loving species, 97 wind-resistant species and 18 wind-resistant species were found as a result of the study.
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Статья научная
This study presents an integrated ecogeographical analysis of selected mud volcano landscapes within the Mud Volcanoes Group State Nature Reserve in Azerbaijan. The research focuses on ten representative mud volcanoes covering approximately 488 km² and aims to identify spatial patterns and ecological differentiation under semi-arid environmental conditions. The methodological framework is based on the integration of remote sensing data, digital elevation models (DEM), and geographic information systems (GIS). Relief characteristics, slope distribution, soil cover, and vegetation patterns were systematically analyzed to determine the relationships between geomorphological and ecological components of the landscape. The results indicate that the study area is predominantly characterized by lowland and gently sloping terrain, with elevations ranging from –21 m to 436 m. Saline and semi-saline soils dominate, significantly limiting vegetation development. Vegetation cover is sparse and mainly represented by halophytic and xerophytic species adapted to arid conditions. NDVI-based analysis revealed spatial variability and a temporal decline in vegetation density, indicating increasing aridity and environmental stress across the study area. Larger mud volcanoes exhibit more complex geomorphological structures and relatively higher ecological diversity. This study provides an integrated ecogeographical assessment by combining DEM-based geomorphological analysis with NDVI-derived vegetation dynamics, offering a novel perspective on mud volcano landscape systems. The findings contribute to sustainable management, conservation planning, and future geopark development.
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Economic analysis of gas supply system for dual fuel engines with life cycle cost
Статья научная
The regulations of the international maritime organization (IMO) on ship emission are becoming increasingly strict. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an ideal alternative fuel for vessels, considering its environmental and economic advantages. This paper compares the life cycle cost (LCC) of LNG ships low pressure gas supply system (FGSS). Comparative analysis of the three main pressurization modes for supplying LNG in the low-pressure gas supply system, namely external gas source pressurization, self-pressurization and cryogenic pump boost. Through modeling in Aspen HYSYS software, system operation is simulated, life cycle costs are compared, and the implementation effects of the three system schemes are analyzed and evaluated. The application of life cycle economic analysis in ships mainly focuses on the overall energy saving and emission reduction of ships. Its application in low pressure gas supply systems for dual-fuel engines is rare. This study helps the gas supply system choose the most economical and applicable scheme in practical applications.
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Economic efficiency of use of coal production gaseous and solid waste
Статья научная
The article overviews the problem of utilization of the gaseous and solid waste that emerges in the issue of extraction, preparation and burning of coal from the ecological and economic points of view. Moreover, an assessment of efficiency of utilization of coalmine methane as energy raw material is suggested. What is more, the efficiency of use of solid coal waste as a technological raw material is calculated.
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