Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Medicinal plants containing anthracene
Статья научная
Various types of phytochemicals are present in plant parts such as bark, stem, roots, and other plant components. The distribution, chemical composition, and use of anthracene derivative-containing plants growing in Azerbaijan were investigated. Anthraquinones can be used as agents that have an active effect against malignant tumors and stimulate immunity against new malignant derivatives. Oxy- and oxymethylanthraquinones of fennel have antispasmodic and diuretic effects, and the content of calcium and magnesium phosphates in them ensures the fragmentation and removal of urinary stones from the body. Methyloxyanthraquinone derivatives are present in the bark, leaves, shoots, and fruits of Rhamnus cathartica. Freshly picked pods contain anthraglycoside frangulioriside, which oxidizes and turns into glucofrangulin when stored in pods for 1 year. Rhubarb root and its extracts have a laxative effect, increasing intestinal peristalsis. Aloe is used for skin care.
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Статья научная
Both cultivated and wild fodder plants are the main group of plants necessary for the development of animal husbandry. Although it is impossible to give a specific number about the number of species of fodder plants in Azerbaijan, there is no doubt that their number of species is expressed in hundreds. Thus, the number of species of annual grasses in the CIS includes up to 1000 species. As it is known, some species mentioned above as fodder plants also carry other qualities. For example, corn, sunflower, wormwood, three-leaf clover, etc. plants are also medicinal plants and are used as diuretics, pain relievers, etc. in folk medicine. It is widely used as a tool with properties. At the same time, due to these properties, these plants have become the subject of various aspects (botanical, pharmacological, mycological, etc.) studies, and this situation is still ongoing.
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Physiological characteristics study of normalization of carbohydrates in food rations
Статья научная
Carbohydrates are organic substances with high energy, enter the body with food and satisfy the various needs of the human body. They enter the body mainly with plant products and are the most important source of energy. Approximately half (56-58%) of the energy needed by the body is provided by carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Here, the relationship between hydrogen and oxygen is the same as in water molecules. That is why they are called carbohydrates. During physical labor, the need for carbohydrates increases. They are also involved in plastic forming processes. Carbohydrates increase the amount of glucose in the blood and increase the amount of glycogen in the liver and muscles, being included in the composition of cells and tissues. Glucose is converted into reserve carbohydrates - glycogen, which is an energy reserve that serves to maintain the level of sugar in the blood at a normal level and ensures the stable functioning of all organ systems.
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Статья научная
The dendroflora of Ganja city includes the general composition of trees and shrubs naturally distributed in the city and used in greening. This flora has a significant impact on the ecological state of the city, its microclimate and the health of residents. The phytosanitary state of trees and shrubs used in greening reflects the health status of plants distributed in the area, their resistance to diseases, pests and environmental factors. From a phytosanitary point of view, exhaust gases and industrial waste cause a decrease in the quality of soil and air. This, in turn, creates stress in plants and reduces their resistance to diseases. In urban areas, tree species that are not suitable for the climate and soil are often damaged and stop developing. At this time, fungal, bacterial, viral diseases and pests develop, leading to the destruction of vegetation.
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Статья научная
The ability of aquatic ecosystems to self-purify is closely dependent on many natural factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the self-purifying ability of surface waters for pollutants along the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea (in the territory of Azerbaijan) under the influence of abiogenic factors - climatic, hydrodynamic, hydro chemical, etc. The system analysis revealed a general pattern : in general, the self-purifying ability of river systems along the Caspian coastal zone increases in the direction from south to north. In order to preserve water quality in river systems, it is important to develop a set of measures to protect biodiversity in these coastal terrestrial ecosystems and water catchments (watersheds) on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus.
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Reproduction of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory and natural conditions
Статья научная
The medicinal leech is included in Azerbaijan's "Red Book". For this reason, research has been conducted to increase leeches to protect the hirudofauna of our country. Three methods were used to breed it in the laboratory. The laboratory research was conducted at the Institute of Zoology. Studies have been conducted in natural conditions At the Mingachevir Scientific-Experimental Laboratory. In laboratory conditions, leeches were fed once a month, while those selected for reproduction were fed twice a month with the blood, spleen, and liver of large livestock. Based on our research, we can conclude that the optimal temperature range for the survival of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory conditions is 20-25°C.
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Статья научная
Rosaceae spreading in mountain-xerophytic and steppe vegetation of Shahbuz district flora, is presented in the article. Information is given on the taxonomic composition, life forms, ecological groups, geographical area types and classes of woody species of the family. According to the researches conducted by us, when we characterized the woody species of the mountain-xerophyte and steppe zone of the Shahbuz district flora belonging to the Rosaceae family by genera, it was found that Rosa - 21 (37.5%), Crataegus - 7 (12.5%), Pyrus - 7 (12.5%), Prunus - 6 (10.71%), Sorbus - 5 (8.92%), Cotoneaster - 4 (7.14%), Rubus and Spiraea - 2 (3.57%), Malus and there is - 1 (1.78%) species of the Pyracantha genus. Shrub plants, especially woody species of the Rosaceae family, occupy an important place in the structure of Shahbuz district flora. They are part of the bush steppes, form independent groups and form unique formations.
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Статья научная
The effect of salt stress on several morpho-physiological characteristics of maize plants has been investigated in this study. Maize seedlings were treated with 0, 1, 2, and 3% NaCl for 5 days. It was shown that due to salinity, the growth traits (length of root and plant, fresh weight and dry weight of root and seedlings, leaf area, salt tolerance index, RWC, etc.) are significantly reduced. The relative water content in the leaves of the plant decreased gradually with increasing NaCl levels. High salt stress had a strong on root growth. Based on our results on the ultrastructure of the root obtained by electron microscopy, salinity slightly damaged the root anatomy.
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Special protection of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic natural areas
Статья научная
The presented article provides information on specially protected natural areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The environmental strategy implemented under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev since the 70s of the last centuries is successfully continuing in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic today. The article also pays special attention to the beauty of the nature of Nakhchivan and the potential of ecotourism. As a result of the research, it was found that in the past period, in order to improve the environmental situation and protect biodiversity, the negative impact on the environment was minimized, and modern technologies were used in economic development. Specially protected natural territories have been created to protect the flora and fauna species of the territories that fascinate with aesthetic beauty, ecological balance, protection and restoration of biodiversity, the uniqueness of the natural environment, rare and endangered species. The article also contains detailed information about the territories of the Ordubad State Nature Reserve, Ordubad National Park, Shahbuz State Nature Reserve, Arpachay State Nature Reserve and Arazboyu State Nature Reserve, their geographical position, flora and fauna species listed in the Red Book. also reflected. Created and protected reserves, reserves and parks are also of particular importance in terms of visibility when conducting production experiments for high school students.
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Species of the Brassicaceae Burnett. Family for the Flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The species of the Brassicaceae family of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are considered. The flora of the region is characterized by 28 species belonging to 16 genera of this family. There are monotypic genera that are found only in the flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan: Aethionema R.Br., Alyssum L., Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynh., Arabis L., Atropatenia F.K. Mey., Asperuginoides Rauschert, Coluteocarpus Boiss., Cymatocarpus O.E. Schultz, Drabopsis C. Koch, Diptychocarpus Trautv., Erysimum L., Fibigia Medik., Isatis L., Peltariopsis N. Busch, Litwinowia Woronow and Sterigmostemum Bieb. Bioecological characteristics of these species are given.
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Статья научная
Shahbuz region, considered the “flora museum” of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, occupies a special place in the Autonomous Republic due to the richness of its biodiversity, especially the diversity of flora species. In fact, this richness is due to the many species contained in the flora of the region, including wild vegetables, honey and nectar plants, medicinal plants, as well as essences, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, grafting agents, etc. Medicinal plants are of particular importance in this wealth. Some plant raw materials contain bioactive compounds with a wide range of effects, and the study and application of various substances in these mixtures, especially flavonoids, has always been the focus of scientific attention. Particularly, the high biological activity of flavonoids, their broader pharmacological effects and abundance in the plant kingdom should be considered as the main reasons for conducting research. A number of flavonoids have antibacterial effects. Thanks to their antioxidant properties, flavonoids protect the body from harmful environmental influences. In particular, the use of these substances in medicine and cosmetics, the pharmaceutical and food industries leads to a further increase in interest in them. Considering that the species Scrophularia nodosa L., widespread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Region, including the Shahbuz region, is rich in flavonoids, qualitative analyzes were carried out to prove the presence of flavonoids in Scrophularia nodosa , and the amount of flavonoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. As a result of laboratory studies, the total amount of flavonoids, determined by spectrophotometric method in the form of Scrophularia nodosa L., was 5,58%.
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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)
Статья научная
An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
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Статья научная
The systematic composition of the genus Nepeta L. of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented. This is one of the most widespread genera of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The genus Nepeta is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated in many regions of the world, especially in mountainous and semi-desert zones. The section is represented by 31 genera and 135 species. In Azerbaijan, 26 species of this genus are found. Nepeta L. is common on rocky-stony and roadside roadsides of the region. The species included in the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic practice. As a result of the studies, it was established that 15 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Republic. The species belonging to the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic fields.
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Статья научная
The presented report provides information on the systematic composition of species of the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. During the comparative analysis of the collected herbarium materials and literary sources, it was found that the genus Gulyulja of the legume family on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is represented by 24 species, information on the current state of these species is reflected in the article. The prepared report also studies and shows ecological groups, geographical elements and altitudinal belts of species belonging to the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family.
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Статья научная
In the presented article Lamiaceae Martinov, nom, cons are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information about the taxonomic spectrum of species included in the genus Salvia (Salvia L.) and directions of use is provided. As a result of the studies, it was found that 19 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan MR. According to the literature and our studies, species belonging to the genus are used not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also as an ecological, economic and medicinal plant.
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Статья научная
In the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Lamiaceae family includes the genus Thymus, which includes the most common aromatic species in the world. The chapter is characterized by 135 species in 31 genera. In Azerbaijan, there are 16 species of this genus, and in the Nakhchivan region - 7 species. Thymus L. - species of the genus Thymus are found in different areas of the mountain belt. The species included in the genus are used as medicinal, ecological, economic, food and spice plants. Taking all this into account, the study of the taxonomic composition of the genus thyme and the directions of its use is recognized as a relevant topic. The authors draw conclusions about the prospects for using the species.
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Taxonomic composition of the Orobanche L. genus in the Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The article presents information on the taxonomic composition of the genus Orobanche L. The article provides information on the distribution of the genus species in the flora of Nakhchivan. A brief overview of practical use is given. Sixteen species of this genus have been found in the flora of Nakhchivan, including Orobanche sintenisii Beck is present in the cultivated flora. The species of the genus are used as ornamental, fodder and food plants, as well as in medicine.
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Taxonomic composition of the Tragopogon L. genus in Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The species included in the Tragopogon L. genus, common in the flora of Nakhchivan, have been studied. 12 species of the genus have been described. A systematic analysis has been performed, and an ecological characteristic of the species has been given. For all the described species, a practical analysis of the possibility of using them in medicine, agriculture, etc., has been presented. The applied value is diverse-these are medicinal plants with a large number of biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, vitamins, saponins, tannins, phytoncides, mineral elements, etc.), spicy-aromatic, essential oil, food, fodder, and weed, as well as promising species for introduction into culture in the region.
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Taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan: a botanical overview
Статья научная
The genus Euphrasia (family Orobanchaceae) encompasses a diverse group of plants, characterized by their parasitic nature and their wide distribution across temperate regions of the world. In this study, we aim to provide a detailed botanical overview of the taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, located in the South Caucasus. This region, with its diverse ecological habitats and varied climatic conditions, offers a unique setting for the study of plant diversity. The Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan represent a significant portion of the genus' global diversity, contributing to both its ecological dynamics and cultural importance. This paper discusses the current knowledge of Euphrasia species in the region, their taxonomic classification, ecological distribution, and conservation status.
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