Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
In the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Lamiaceae family includes the genus Thymus, which includes the most common aromatic species in the world. The chapter is characterized by 135 species in 31 genera. In Azerbaijan, there are 16 species of this genus, and in the Nakhchivan region - 7 species. Thymus L. - species of the genus Thymus are found in different areas of the mountain belt. The species included in the genus are used as medicinal, ecological, economic, food and spice plants. Taking all this into account, the study of the taxonomic composition of the genus thyme and the directions of its use is recognized as a relevant topic. The authors draw conclusions about the prospects for using the species.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and uses of species belonging to the genus Rheum ( Rheum L.) of the family Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons., distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The conducted studies revealed that 2 species of this genus are found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is quite rich in accordance with its geographical location, relief and climate. Since the region covers both mountainous and steppe and semi-desert areas, various types of vegetation have formed here. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is one of the regions with the richest flora in Azerbaijan. The rare and endemic plants here are of particular importance not only for the country, but also for the world flora. Scientists note that the rhubarb plant has astringent and hemostatic properties. It is used in kidney, gynecological, lymphangitis and furunculosis diseases. It has a strong calming, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, choleretic and strengthening effect. It increases metabolism in the body.
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Taxonomic composition of the Orobanche L. genus in the Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The article presents information on the taxonomic composition of the genus Orobanche L. The article provides information on the distribution of the genus species in the flora of Nakhchivan. A brief overview of practical use is given. Sixteen species of this genus have been found in the flora of Nakhchivan, including Orobanche sintenisii Beck is present in the cultivated flora. The species of the genus are used as ornamental, fodder and food plants, as well as in medicine.
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Taxonomic composition of the Tragopogon L. genus in Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The species included in the Tragopogon L. genus, common in the flora of Nakhchivan, have been studied. 12 species of the genus have been described. A systematic analysis has been performed, and an ecological characteristic of the species has been given. For all the described species, a practical analysis of the possibility of using them in medicine, agriculture, etc., has been presented. The applied value is diverse-these are medicinal plants with a large number of biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, vitamins, saponins, tannins, phytoncides, mineral elements, etc.), spicy-aromatic, essential oil, food, fodder, and weed, as well as promising species for introduction into culture in the region.
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Taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan: a botanical overview
Статья научная
The genus Euphrasia (family Orobanchaceae) encompasses a diverse group of plants, characterized by their parasitic nature and their wide distribution across temperate regions of the world. In this study, we aim to provide a detailed botanical overview of the taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, located in the South Caucasus. This region, with its diverse ecological habitats and varied climatic conditions, offers a unique setting for the study of plant diversity. The Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan represent a significant portion of the genus' global diversity, contributing to both its ecological dynamics and cultural importance. This paper discusses the current knowledge of Euphrasia species in the region, their taxonomic classification, ecological distribution, and conservation status.
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Taxonomic revision of Luzula L. in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to revise the taxonomic composition of the genus Luzula L. in the flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, ecological and other methods were used. The materials of the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan were studied. 11 species of the genus Luzula L. were established. All species are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan. A brief description of the biology and ecology of the species is presented.
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The Current State of the Flora of Lake Sarysu (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The present study was conducted during 2022-2024 in the territory of Lake Sarisu, the second largest lake in the Republic of Azerbaijan. During the research, a floristic checklist of the plant species recorded in the study area was compiled. The checklist reflects the taxonomic structure of the flora, life forms, geographical and areal types, ecological groups, and endemism. Herbarium specimens of the identified plant species were prepared, photographs of plants in their natural habitats were taken, and GPS coordinates were recorded. The study revealed one vegetation formation (Phragmiteta australis) and four associations within the vegetation cover of Lake Sarisu: Phragmites australis + Ceratophyllum demersum; Phragmites australis + Typha angustifolia; Phragmites australis + Tamarix ramosissima; and Tamarix ramosissima + Tamarix hohenackeri. The investigation of the current state of flora and vegetation highlights the necessity of assessing the impacts of global ecological problems, including anthropogenic factors, on plant diversity. This issue is of particular relevance for future geobotanical and phytocoenological studies to be conducted in Lake Sarisu and its surrounding areas.
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The Effect of pH Changes on the Development of Cyprinus carpio
Статья научная
This study was conducted on carp and the embryo-larval stages of fish living in the water bodies of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Carp, like other lake fish, are among the inhabitants of alkaline water bodies. In the spawning grounds of the species, pH values were most often recorded in the range of 7.4–8.6 units. Researchers have often tried to study the effect of environmental pH on the early development of carp in their experimental studies. In one of them, values in the range of 7.5–8.5 units are indicated as the optimal pH for the fertilization and incubation of carp eggs. The highest survival rate of carp embryos (more than 80%) was recorded in the pH range of 6.0–8.5 units. However, it has been shown that embryogenesis is also possible in a wider range of 5.0–9.5 units, but in this case, the number of deaths and deformed embryos increases at extreme values of the indicator.
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Статья научная
The article studies the influence of relief, geological structure, and geomorphological factors on the formation of forest ecosystems on the example of the Zangilan and Gubadli regions of Azerbaijan. Remote sensing (decoding of satellite images), mathematical-statistical, and comparative analysis methods were used during the study. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the altitudinal zones of the territory (mainly 400–1200 m), the slope inclination, and vernalization are the main factors directly regulating the species composition and density of the vegetation cover. In particular, the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and the slope degrees have determined the zones of soil erosion and moisture accumulation. The complexity of the geological structure — its diversity from Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments to volcanogenic rocks — affects the processes of soil formation and, as a result, the structure of forests. The results of the study are of significant scientific and practical importance in planning measures for the ecological restoration of the region, the establishment of forest belts, and the protection of soil from erosion.
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Статья научная
In connection with the practical implementation of the “Artificial Intelligence Strategy for 2025-2028”, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated March 19, 2025, an International Conference on “Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future” was held in Shusha this year. After the conference, a scientific expedition was organized along the banks of the Hakari River in the Lachin district. This year, at the same time, during the expedition in the Zangilan district, monitoring was carried out on the main plant groups distributed in the Hakari river basin. A critical survey of the flora biodiversity of the Hakari river basin was carried out, the invertarization of species, taxonomic structure were clarified, and bioecological characteristics were studied. It was found that the flora biodiversity of the Hakari river basin consists of 107 species belonging to 32 families and 74 genera. The vegetation of the Hakari river basin consists of 14 formations and 47 associations. Scientifically based data has been collected for the systematic study of plant diversity in the Hakari river basin, identification of rare and endemic species, monitoring of population changes, and protection of biodiversity through artificial intelligence technologies.
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Статья научная
The vegetation cover of the Shirvan Plain is predominantly represented by semi-desert and steppe plant communities. It has been determined that 11 relict tree and shrub species belonging to 11 families are distributed within the study area. Among these species, the following are included in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Azerbaijan: Punica granatum L. (VU B1ab(i,ii,iii)); Ficus carica L. (F. hyrcana Grossh.) (NT); Platanus orientalis L. (VU A2c+3c); and Vitis vinifera L. (V. sylvestris C.C. Gmel.) (LC). Hedera pastuchovii Woronow is included in the Pink List. In total, 10 rare tree and shrub species occur in the area. For the first time, several forest formation groups have been identified within the Tugay forests along the Kura River and in the area where the Kura and Tartar rivers converge. These include Populeta–Puniceta, Populeta–Pistacieta, Puniceta, Pistacieta, and Querceta. In addition, a class of halophytic shrub formations has been classified and described, including Tamariceta, Halostaceta, Caroxyloneta, Elaeagneta–Tamaricetum, and Paliureta. Field investigations revealed an increase in the abundance of Elaeagnus and Tamarix. It was also established that the area of Tugay forests is decreasing due to anthropogenic impacts, particularly livestock grazing, and that young and middle-aged trees are poorly represented within these ecosystems. Against the background of increasing drought and soil salinization, the riparian territories of the Kura River have long served as refugia for relict species. Therefore, these Tugay forest ecosystems can be regarded as relict refugial areas that play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity in the Shirvan Plain.
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Статья научная
This study examined the effects of ferric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) at various concentrations on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the sprouts of durum and soft wheat varieties. The research objects included durum wheat varieties ( Triticum durum Desf.) Gyrmyzy Bugda, Garagylchyg-2, Yagut, and Karabakh, as well as soft wheat varieties ( Triticum aestivum L.) Mirbashir-128, Gobustan, Sheki-1, and Dagdash. To determine the optimal concentrations of nanoparticles influencing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different wheat varieties, molar concentrations of zinc oxide NPs (0,1 mM, 0,01 mM, and 0,001 mM) and mass concentrations of ferric oxide NPs (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of soil) were applied. The highest catalase activity was observed at a zinc oxide NP concentration of 0,01 mM for both durum and soft wheat varieties. For ferric oxide NPs, the optimal concentration was found to be 30 mg/kg for durum wheat varieties and 15 mg/kg for soft wheat varieties. Thus, ferric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles show potential for use as pre-sowing seed treatments for various durum and soft wheat varieties. However, determining the optimal NP concentrations for the specific crops being studied is a critical requirement for their effective application.
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Статья научная
Climate change and global warming have exerted significant impacts on the vegetation of the Qaragush Mountain region in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Recent seasonal observations conducted over a seven-year period, supported by historical data, reveal intensifying drought conditions, shifts in species composition, and progressive degradation of plant communities. These ecological changes highlight the vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and underscore the importance of long-term monitoring. The findings contribute to a better understanding of regional ecological transformations and provide a basis for future research on adaptive conservation strategies.
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The problem of drought in the territory of Azerbaijan and combat measures
Статья научная
The article considers global and local climate change, and the problems associated with these changes. The increase in drought in the world and in Azerbaijan. The influence of various types of anthropogenic impact on the environment is studied. Measures to reduce their negative consequences are proposed. 52.4% of the total land fund of Azerbaijan is suitable for agriculture. The bulk of the soil is in arid areas (Kura-Araz lowland, including the Salyan, Mil, Mugan, Shirvan and Karabakh plains). Drought is also observed in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. Growing crops without irrigation is impossible. Problems arise in irrigating crop areas in dry years. The presence of drought in the summer months and a decrease in water resources negatively affect agriculture. The total water deficit in Azerbaijan in 2020 amounted to more than 0.2 km3. The water deficit may increase to 1.3 km3 in 2030 but may amount to 4-5 km3 in 2050. It is proposed to use current technologies in the country's natural resource management system.
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Статья научная
The article examines the role of digital technologies in climate change management and reducing the environmental impact of U.S. companies. Innovations such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data are analyzed for their ability to help companies minimize CO2 emissions, optimize resource use, and improve energy efficiency. Challenges companies face when implementing digital solutions: high initial costs, integration difficulties, and regulatory complexities, are discussed. Strategies for overcoming these barriers to achieve sustainable development are proposed.
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Статья научная
The article provides information about the taxonomic spectrum and bioecological characteristics of the species belonging to the genus Alchemilla L. of the Rosaceae Juss. family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Through a comparative analysis of collected herbarium materials and literature sources, it has been revealed that the genus Alchemilla is represented by 13 species in the Nakhchivan AR, and information about the current state of these species is also reflected in the article. Based on our research, the ecological groups and geographical elements of the species belonging to the Alchemilla L. genus of the Rosaceae family have also been studied.
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To the Study of Spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Gazakh District of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The present study is based on materials collected in the Gazakh District of Azerbaijan during the period from 2013 to 2022. The conducted research shows that the spider fauna of this area comprises 75 species belonging to 18 families. An annotated list is provided. The specimens are currently housed in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
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Статья научная
The family Brassicaceae Burnett is one of the important families because of its position in nature and its economic status in human life. This family is represented by 3,628 species from 328 genera in the world. 248 species from 74 genera were identified in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and 165 species from 66 genera in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Later, taking into account taxonomic innovations and newly discovered species, 62 genera and 183 species belonging to them were registered in the territory. During the expedition, we discovered new species of Draba bryoides Willd. and Arabis brachycarpa Rupr. from the territory of the Ordubad district and added them to the flora. Thus, the Brassicaceae Burnett family is represented by 62 genera and 185 species in the territory of the Nakhchivan AR.
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Статья научная
Previous studies have allowed us to determine important characteristics characteristic of significant species of the genus Alchemilla L. in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Species of this genus are widely represented in Azerbaijan. The issue of practical use of species of the genus Alchemilla L. is considered. The characteristics of the main species and their use in medicine and as ornamental plants are given. The analysis of already published data on flora and assessment of the state of vegetation of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented.
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Use of complex experiments and modeling in modern hydrobiological research
Статья научная
The integration of complex experimental methodologies and advanced computational modeling has revolutionized contemporary hydrobiological research. These integrative approaches enable a mechanistic understanding of aquatic ecosystem dynamics and provide predictive capabilities essential for adaptive management in the face of global environmental change. Controlled experimental systems - such as microcosms and mesocosms - allow for the manipulation of key abiotic and biotic variables, thereby generating high-resolution empirical data. In parallel, mechanistic, statistical, and machine learning-based models synthesize this information to simulate nutrient cycling, trophic interactions, and ecosystem responses under various stress scenarios including eutrophication, climate perturbation, and pollutant influx. Recent advancements in sensor technologies, remote monitoring, and genomic tools have further enhanced data granularity, facilitating model calibration, validation, and real-time ecological forecasting. This paper critically reviews the methodologies and applications of complex experimentation and modeling in hydrobiology, highlighting case studies that demonstrate their synergistic potential in ecosystem assessment, scenario development, and evidence-based policy formulation. By bridging empirical observation with computational simulation, these tools collectively offer a robust framework for the sustainnable management and conservation of aquatic environments in an era of rapid environmental transformation.
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