Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
The ability of aquatic ecosystems to self-purify is closely dependent on many natural factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the self-purifying ability of surface waters for pollutants along the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea (in the territory of Azerbaijan) under the influence of abiogenic factors - climatic, hydrodynamic, hydro chemical, etc. The system analysis revealed a general pattern : in general, the self-purifying ability of river systems along the Caspian coastal zone increases in the direction from south to north. In order to preserve water quality in river systems, it is important to develop a set of measures to protect biodiversity in these coastal terrestrial ecosystems and water catchments (watersheds) on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus.
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Статья научная
Testate amoebae (Testacea) and ciliates (Ciliophora) are widespread in the freshwater ecosystems of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The distribution, abundance, and species diversity of these protozoans are influenced by various environmental factors. Temperature, water depth, gas conditions, and trophic interactions play a particularly important role. The optimal temperature range for both groups is from 15°C to 28°C. Testate amoebae are typically highly active at temperatures of 20–25°C. In bodies of water, when water temperatures exceed 30°C, the reproductive rate of testate amoebae decreases. Ciliates exhibit maximum reproductive capacity at temperatures of 18°C to 26°C. At temperatures approaching 35°C, protein denaturation occurs, leading to a rapid population decline. At lower temperatures (0–4°C), vital processes cease, but some species can survive for extended periods as cysts.
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Reproduction of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory and natural conditions
Статья научная
The medicinal leech is included in Azerbaijan's "Red Book". For this reason, research has been conducted to increase leeches to protect the hirudofauna of our country. Three methods were used to breed it in the laboratory. The laboratory research was conducted at the Institute of Zoology. Studies have been conducted in natural conditions At the Mingachevir Scientific-Experimental Laboratory. In laboratory conditions, leeches were fed once a month, while those selected for reproduction were fed twice a month with the blood, spleen, and liver of large livestock. Based on our research, we can conclude that the optimal temperature range for the survival of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory conditions is 20-25°C.
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Статья научная
Rosaceae spreading in mountain-xerophytic and steppe vegetation of Shahbuz district flora, is presented in the article. Information is given on the taxonomic composition, life forms, ecological groups, geographical area types and classes of woody species of the family. According to the researches conducted by us, when we characterized the woody species of the mountain-xerophyte and steppe zone of the Shahbuz district flora belonging to the Rosaceae family by genera, it was found that Rosa - 21 (37.5%), Crataegus - 7 (12.5%), Pyrus - 7 (12.5%), Prunus - 6 (10.71%), Sorbus - 5 (8.92%), Cotoneaster - 4 (7.14%), Rubus and Spiraea - 2 (3.57%), Malus and there is - 1 (1.78%) species of the Pyracantha genus. Shrub plants, especially woody species of the Rosaceae family, occupy an important place in the structure of Shahbuz district flora. They are part of the bush steppes, form independent groups and form unique formations.
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Rosmarinus officinalis L., properties, areas of application
Статья научная
Presents information about the botanical characteristics of rosemary, the regions and species of rosemary found in Azerbaijan, its chemical composition, fields of application, medicinal and therapeutic properties, as well as the preparation of its oil. The conducted research has revealed that there are two species of the genus Rosmarinus in nature: 1. Rosmarinus officinalis and Rosmarinus eriocalyx. In the flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the species Rosmarinus officinalis is found, while Rosmarinus eriocalyx is encountered in the Mediterranean region. Based on literature data and our research, species belonging to this genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative, and cosmetic fields.
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Статья научная
The effect of salt stress on several morpho-physiological characteristics of maize plants has been investigated in this study. Maize seedlings were treated with 0, 1, 2, and 3% NaCl for 5 days. It was shown that due to salinity, the growth traits (length of root and plant, fresh weight and dry weight of root and seedlings, leaf area, salt tolerance index, RWC, etc.) are significantly reduced. The relative water content in the leaves of the plant decreased gradually with increasing NaCl levels. High salt stress had a strong on root growth. Based on our results on the ultrastructure of the root obtained by electron microscopy, salinity slightly damaged the root anatomy.
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Some Types of Sucking Pests of Stone Fruit Trees in the Shaki-Zakatala Region and their Entomophage
Статья научная
In Azerbaijan, and in the Shaki-Zagatala region, rich in orchards, valuable stone fruit trees are grown, which formed the basis of this work. The area of stone fruit orchards is increasing annually. To achieve higher yields, a pest protection plan was developed and implemented. A key issue is the identification of stone fruit tree pests and the timely and effective implementation of control measures. From 2001 to 2013, field and laboratory studies of stone fruit tree pests and their entomophages were conducted in the districts of Balakan, Zagatala, Shaki, Kash, Oguz, Gabala, and Ismaili. The districts of Zagatala, Shaki, Ismaili, and Gabali were selected as permanent sites. The study of the species composition, biological characteristics and economic significance of pests of fruit and forest trees and their entomophages opens up opportunities for the use of entomophages in the fight against harmful insects.
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Special protection of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic natural areas
Статья научная
The presented article provides information on specially protected natural areas of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The environmental strategy implemented under the leadership of Heydar Aliyev since the 70s of the last centuries is successfully continuing in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic today. The article also pays special attention to the beauty of the nature of Nakhchivan and the potential of ecotourism. As a result of the research, it was found that in the past period, in order to improve the environmental situation and protect biodiversity, the negative impact on the environment was minimized, and modern technologies were used in economic development. Specially protected natural territories have been created to protect the flora and fauna species of the territories that fascinate with aesthetic beauty, ecological balance, protection and restoration of biodiversity, the uniqueness of the natural environment, rare and endangered species. The article also contains detailed information about the territories of the Ordubad State Nature Reserve, Ordubad National Park, Shahbuz State Nature Reserve, Arpachay State Nature Reserve and Arazboyu State Nature Reserve, their geographical position, flora and fauna species listed in the Red Book. also reflected. Created and protected reserves, reserves and parks are also of particular importance in terms of visibility when conducting production experiments for high school students.
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Species of the Brassicaceae Burnett. Family for the Flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The species of the Brassicaceae family of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are considered. The flora of the region is characterized by 28 species belonging to 16 genera of this family. There are monotypic genera that are found only in the flora of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan: Aethionema R.Br., Alyssum L., Arabidopsis (DC.) Heynh., Arabis L., Atropatenia F.K. Mey., Asperuginoides Rauschert, Coluteocarpus Boiss., Cymatocarpus O.E. Schultz, Drabopsis C. Koch, Diptychocarpus Trautv., Erysimum L., Fibigia Medik., Isatis L., Peltariopsis N. Busch, Litwinowia Woronow and Sterigmostemum Bieb. Bioecological characteristics of these species are given.
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Статья научная
Shahbuz region, considered the “flora museum” of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, occupies a special place in the Autonomous Republic due to the richness of its biodiversity, especially the diversity of flora species. In fact, this richness is due to the many species contained in the flora of the region, including wild vegetables, honey and nectar plants, medicinal plants, as well as essences, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, grafting agents, etc. Medicinal plants are of particular importance in this wealth. Some plant raw materials contain bioactive compounds with a wide range of effects, and the study and application of various substances in these mixtures, especially flavonoids, has always been the focus of scientific attention. Particularly, the high biological activity of flavonoids, their broader pharmacological effects and abundance in the plant kingdom should be considered as the main reasons for conducting research. A number of flavonoids have antibacterial effects. Thanks to their antioxidant properties, flavonoids protect the body from harmful environmental influences. In particular, the use of these substances in medicine and cosmetics, the pharmaceutical and food industries leads to a further increase in interest in them. Considering that the species Scrophularia nodosa L., widespread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Region, including the Shahbuz region, is rich in flavonoids, qualitative analyzes were carried out to prove the presence of flavonoids in Scrophularia nodosa , and the amount of flavonoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. As a result of laboratory studies, the total amount of flavonoids, determined by spectrophotometric method in the form of Scrophularia nodosa L., was 5,58%.
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Structural changes in Peganum harmala L. induced by gamma radiation
Статья научная
For the first time, the qualitative and quantitative alkaloid composition of Peganum harmala L. was thoroughly studied by identifying IR and radiothermoluminescence spectra. In order to identify alkaloids, a new combined and improved IR spectroscopy and radiothermoluminescence methods with high resolution were proposed. It is shown that the content and ratio of different types of alkaloids in the stems and seeds of P.Harmala differ significantly. More precisely, harmine prevails in the seeds, and peganine in the stems. In terms of the content and ratio of alkaloid components, P. harmala growing in the Absheron has a number of advantages compared to the same plants growing in the Masalli and Ismailli regions. It was found that when P. Harmala samples were irradiated, the IR spectra were transformed. More precisely, in the region of small doses (0.5
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Study of microscopic fungi on medicinal plants growing in the Kedabay region
Статья научная
Mycological investigations on medicinal plants is carried out in many countries of the world, but local studies in this direction are not widespread enough. The study of microscopic fungal species (mycoflora) distributing on some medicinal plants ( Urtica dioica L., Stellaria media L., Cephalaria gigantea (Ledeb.) Bobrov) in the natural conditions of the Gadabay region and widely used in folk medicine, determining their systematic composition, and evaluating the results obtained on a scientific basis. The study was conducted based on mycological methods. The characteristics and eco-trophic relationships of them have been studied. The anamorphs of fungi belonging to the Ascomycota division are more numerous than those belonging to other taxonomic groups. They account for 66% of the total number of fungi recorded during the studies. 34% belong to the Zygomycota phylum. More than 15 species of micromycetes were found on the studied plants and they were systematically attributed to different taxonomic groups. Plant-fungal relationships were observed in various ecolotrophic types: parasitism, saprotrophy and, in rare cases, mutualism. The dominance of pathogenic micromycetes increased, especially in weakened and mechanically damaged plant organs. The results of the study are of great importance in terms of increasing the level of biological safety of medicinal plants and determining the hygienic and sanitary norms that should be observed during their proper collection, storage, and use.
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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Study of the Chemical Composition of the Fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and Use
Статья научная
The article presents a phytochemical study of the fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and, based on the results obtained, a comprehensive scheme for their use was developed. The main components of oriental hawthorn fruits (flavonoids, carotenes, water-soluble polysaccharides, etc.) were sequentially isolated from the same sample and studied using modern physicochemical methods. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by chemical, as well as various chromatographic and spectroscopic (UV/VIS, 1h- and 13c-nmr) methods. The scheme presented in the research work is dedicated to solving a very important and important problem in the direction of waste-free or low-waste complex processing of plant raw materials. A scheme for complex processing of fruits is proposed, including stage IV and allowing the extraction of carotenoids, flavonoids, water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances of hemicellulose, α-cellulose and fatty oil from seeds.
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Статья научная
A number of studies have shown that tellurides are optimal semiconductor materials for use in thermoelectrics and in the fabrication of memory devices. In this study, antimony telluride, a widely used tellurium compound, was synthesized via electrochemical deposition from a citric acid-based electrolyte. Antimony telluride co-deposition was performed electrochemically, yielding thin films. The kinetics and formation mechanism of thin and nanostructured antimony telluride layers were studied using an IVIUMSTAT Electrochemical Interface potentiostat. The polarization pattern was analyzed, and it was established that the process occurs under concentration polarization conditions. The polarization pattern was examined using linear and cyclic polarization curves. Electrolytic solutions of varying concentrations were used, and it was found that homogeneous films with a stoichiometric composition and a smooth surface are formed from a solution with a 1:1 component ratio. The effect of electrolyte temperature on the reduction process was also studied. It was shown that as the electrolyte temperature increases, the reduction rate increases and films with different surface morphologies are formed. The most effective films were obtained at a temperature of 350 K. At higher temperatures, deterioration in adhesion and the formation of films with uneven surfaces are observed. The composition of the films obtained at the selected optimal electrolyte concentration was confirmed by X-ray phase analysis. It was found that the atomic ratio of elements in the composition of the obtained films is close to stoichiometric and corresponds to the compound Sb₂Te₃. Images of the film surface structure were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), confirming the nanostructured nature of the particles forming the film.
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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)
Статья научная
An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information about the vegetation of woody species from the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the forest-edge shrublands of the Zangazur National Park, located within the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The article also offers extensive data on the phytosociological characteristics of the woody plants from the Rosaceae family found in the studied area, as well as on the formations, associations, and for the first time, the subassociations identified by us that are formed by these species. As a result of our numerous studies, for the first time, the vegetation of the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been classified based on dominant species. In this classification, dominant species are defined as those with a presence of 50% or more, subdominants around 10%, and other species are evaluated as accessory (assector) species. According to our research, for the first time, a phytosociological classification of the vegetation formed by the woody species of the Rosaceae family in the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been carried out. As a result, 2 formations, 6 associations, and 3 subassociations were identified, and the term subassociation has been applied by us as a unit within the vegetation classification.
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Статья научная
In vitro micropropagation is a cornerstone of modern plant biotechnology, enabling rapid production of genetically uniform and pathogen-free plants. Iron (Fe) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, yet its availability in standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) media can be limited. This study synthesized a succinic acid-FeSO₄·7H₂O complex and evaluated its structural, thermal, and biological properties in relation to shoot initiation of the VSL-2 plant line. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the monodentate coordination of succinate to Fe (II) and the thermal stability of the complex up to ~200°C. Application of the complex in MS medium significantly improved shoot initiation in a concentration-dependent manner, with the optimal effect observed at 1.5 mg·100 mL⁻¹, increasing initiation success to ~90% and the average number of new plantlets to 4.0 per explant. The stimulatory effect is likely due to enhanced Fe bioavailability, coupled with succinate-mediated modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity and redox balance, supporting meristematic activity. These findings suggest that succinate-bound Fe is a stable and effective alternative to conventional Fe sources, providing controlled Fe delivery and promoting early morphogenic events in plant tissue culture. The results have potential implications for improving micropropagation efficiency across diverse plant species.
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Systematic Analysis and Ecology of Herbaceous Species of the Family Rosaceae Juss
Статья научная
The present article investigates the herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and provides an ecological assessment of these species. Based on the analysis of available literature sources and the results of original field studies, a total of 40 herbaceous species belonging to 9 genera of the family Rosaceae were identified and studied within the regional flora. Among them, 17 species belong to the genus Potentilla L., 13 species to Alchemilla L., 2 species each to Sibbaldia L., Geum L., and Filipendula Mill. The remaining genera are represented by monotypic taxa, each comprising a single species. The family Rosaceae is of considerable interest due to its high level of biodiversity and significant ecological importance. The results of extensive field investigations indicate that the greatest species diversity of herbaceous Rosaceae taxa is observed up to the middle mountain belt, within the middle mountain belt, and in the subalpine and alpine zones, while the lowest diversity occurs in the lower mountain belt. In modern botanical research, issues related to the reconstruction of botanical-geographical and historical systems, the analysis of species distribution and genesis, and the clarification of distribution (areal) types are of particular importance. The herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae were classified according to their areal types as follows: Holarctic and Asia Minor (7 species each), Western Palaearctic and Northern Atropatene (6 species each), Caucasian areal class (5 species), Near Eastern and Northern Iranian areal classes (3 species each), Palaearctic (1 species), and Central Asian areal class (1 species). For one species, the areal type could not be determined. According to ecological group classification, it was determined that 55% of the herbaceous Rosaceae species are mesophytes, 35% mesoxerophytes, 5% xeromesophytes, 3% hydrophytes, and 2% xerophytes.
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Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of the systematic composition, ecological characteristics, and utilization directions of species belonging to the genus Artemisia L. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, based on regional floristic studies. As a result of literature review and field investigations, it was determined that the genus Artemisia L., belonging to the family Asteraceae, is represented by 15 species in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and their systematic classification has been clarified. During the study, the use of wormwood species as medicinal, essential oil-bearing, forage, food, spice, dye, and resin-producing plants was evaluated, and their multifunctional and promising nature was demonstrated. The results confirm that species of the genus Artemisia have significant scientific, research, and practical-economic importance in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
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