Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Study of the Chemical Composition of the Fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and Use
Статья научная
The article presents a phytochemical study of the fruits of Crataegus orientalis L. and, based on the results obtained, a comprehensive scheme for their use was developed. The main components of oriental hawthorn fruits (flavonoids, carotenes, water-soluble polysaccharides, etc.) were sequentially isolated from the same sample and studied using modern physicochemical methods. The characterization of these compounds was achieved by chemical, as well as various chromatographic and spectroscopic (UV/VIS, 1h- and 13c-nmr) methods. The scheme presented in the research work is dedicated to solving a very important and important problem in the direction of waste-free or low-waste complex processing of plant raw materials. A scheme for complex processing of fruits is proposed, including stage IV and allowing the extraction of carotenoids, flavonoids, water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances of hemicellulose, α-cellulose and fatty oil from seeds.
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Статья научная
A number of studies have shown that tellurides are optimal semiconductor materials for use in thermoelectrics and in the fabrication of memory devices. In this study, antimony telluride, a widely used tellurium compound, was synthesized via electrochemical deposition from a citric acid-based electrolyte. Antimony telluride co-deposition was performed electrochemically, yielding thin films. The kinetics and formation mechanism of thin and nanostructured antimony telluride layers were studied using an IVIUMSTAT Electrochemical Interface potentiostat. The polarization pattern was analyzed, and it was established that the process occurs under concentration polarization conditions. The polarization pattern was examined using linear and cyclic polarization curves. Electrolytic solutions of varying concentrations were used, and it was found that homogeneous films with a stoichiometric composition and a smooth surface are formed from a solution with a 1:1 component ratio. The effect of electrolyte temperature on the reduction process was also studied. It was shown that as the electrolyte temperature increases, the reduction rate increases and films with different surface morphologies are formed. The most effective films were obtained at a temperature of 350 K. At higher temperatures, deterioration in adhesion and the formation of films with uneven surfaces are observed. The composition of the films obtained at the selected optimal electrolyte concentration was confirmed by X-ray phase analysis. It was found that the atomic ratio of elements in the composition of the obtained films is close to stoichiometric and corresponds to the compound Sb₂Te₃. Images of the film surface structure were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), confirming the nanostructured nature of the particles forming the film.
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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)
Статья научная
An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information about the vegetation of woody species from the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the forest-edge shrublands of the Zangazur National Park, located within the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The article also offers extensive data on the phytosociological characteristics of the woody plants from the Rosaceae family found in the studied area, as well as on the formations, associations, and for the first time, the subassociations identified by us that are formed by these species. As a result of our numerous studies, for the first time, the vegetation of the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been classified based on dominant species. In this classification, dominant species are defined as those with a presence of 50% or more, subdominants around 10%, and other species are evaluated as accessory (assector) species. According to our research, for the first time, a phytosociological classification of the vegetation formed by the woody species of the Rosaceae family in the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been carried out. As a result, 2 formations, 6 associations, and 3 subassociations were identified, and the term subassociation has been applied by us as a unit within the vegetation classification.
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Статья научная
In vitro micropropagation is a cornerstone of modern plant biotechnology, enabling rapid production of genetically uniform and pathogen-free plants. Iron (Fe) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, yet its availability in standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) media can be limited. This study synthesized a succinic acid-FeSO₄·7H₂O complex and evaluated its structural, thermal, and biological properties in relation to shoot initiation of the VSL-2 plant line. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirmed the monodentate coordination of succinate to Fe (II) and the thermal stability of the complex up to ~200°C. Application of the complex in MS medium significantly improved shoot initiation in a concentration-dependent manner, with the optimal effect observed at 1.5 mg·100 mL⁻¹, increasing initiation success to ~90% and the average number of new plantlets to 4.0 per explant. The stimulatory effect is likely due to enhanced Fe bioavailability, coupled with succinate-mediated modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity and redox balance, supporting meristematic activity. These findings suggest that succinate-bound Fe is a stable and effective alternative to conventional Fe sources, providing controlled Fe delivery and promoting early morphogenic events in plant tissue culture. The results have potential implications for improving micropropagation efficiency across diverse plant species.
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Systematic Analysis and Ecology of Herbaceous Species of the Family Rosaceae Juss
Статья научная
The present article investigates the herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and provides an ecological assessment of these species. Based on the analysis of available literature sources and the results of original field studies, a total of 40 herbaceous species belonging to 9 genera of the family Rosaceae were identified and studied within the regional flora. Among them, 17 species belong to the genus Potentilla L., 13 species to Alchemilla L., 2 species each to Sibbaldia L., Geum L., and Filipendula Mill. The remaining genera are represented by monotypic taxa, each comprising a single species. The family Rosaceae is of considerable interest due to its high level of biodiversity and significant ecological importance. The results of extensive field investigations indicate that the greatest species diversity of herbaceous Rosaceae taxa is observed up to the middle mountain belt, within the middle mountain belt, and in the subalpine and alpine zones, while the lowest diversity occurs in the lower mountain belt. In modern botanical research, issues related to the reconstruction of botanical-geographical and historical systems, the analysis of species distribution and genesis, and the clarification of distribution (areal) types are of particular importance. The herbaceous species of the family Rosaceae were classified according to their areal types as follows: Holarctic and Asia Minor (7 species each), Western Palaearctic and Northern Atropatene (6 species each), Caucasian areal class (5 species), Near Eastern and Northern Iranian areal classes (3 species each), Palaearctic (1 species), and Central Asian areal class (1 species). For one species, the areal type could not be determined. According to ecological group classification, it was determined that 55% of the herbaceous Rosaceae species are mesophytes, 35% mesoxerophytes, 5% xeromesophytes, 3% hydrophytes, and 2% xerophytes.
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Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of the systematic composition, ecological characteristics, and utilization directions of species belonging to the genus Artemisia L. distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, based on regional floristic studies. As a result of literature review and field investigations, it was determined that the genus Artemisia L., belonging to the family Asteraceae, is represented by 15 species in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and their systematic classification has been clarified. During the study, the use of wormwood species as medicinal, essential oil-bearing, forage, food, spice, dye, and resin-producing plants was evaluated, and their multifunctional and promising nature was demonstrated. The results confirm that species of the genus Artemisia have significant scientific, research, and practical-economic importance in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
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Статья научная
The systematic composition of the genus Nepeta L. of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented. This is one of the most widespread genera of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The genus Nepeta is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated in many regions of the world, especially in mountainous and semi-desert zones. The section is represented by 31 genera and 135 species. In Azerbaijan, 26 species of this genus are found. Nepeta L. is common on rocky-stony and roadside roadsides of the region. The species included in the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic practice. As a result of the studies, it was established that 15 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Republic. The species belonging to the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic fields.
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Статья научная
The presented report provides information on the systematic composition of species of the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. During the comparative analysis of the collected herbarium materials and literary sources, it was found that the genus Gulyulja of the legume family on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is represented by 24 species, information on the current state of these species is reflected in the article. The prepared report also studies and shows ecological groups, geographical elements and altitudinal belts of species belonging to the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family.
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Статья научная
This article provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and uses of the species included in the genus Savory (Satureja L.) of the family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae Martinov, nom. cons.), common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. As a result of the studies, it was established that there are two species of this genus in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. According to literary data and our studies, species belonging to this genus are used in the spicy-aromatic and medicinal spheres.
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Статья научная
In the presented article Lamiaceae Martinov, nom, cons are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information about the taxonomic spectrum of species included in the genus Salvia (Salvia L.) and directions of use is provided. As a result of the studies, it was found that 19 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan MR. According to the literature and our studies, species belonging to the genus are used not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also as an ecological, economic and medicinal plant.
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Статья научная
In the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Lamiaceae family includes the genus Thymus, which includes the most common aromatic species in the world. The chapter is characterized by 135 species in 31 genera. In Azerbaijan, there are 16 species of this genus, and in the Nakhchivan region - 7 species. Thymus L. - species of the genus Thymus are found in different areas of the mountain belt. The species included in the genus are used as medicinal, ecological, economic, food and spice plants. Taking all this into account, the study of the taxonomic composition of the genus thyme and the directions of its use is recognized as a relevant topic. The authors draw conclusions about the prospects for using the species.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and uses of species belonging to the genus Rheum ( Rheum L.) of the family Polygonaceae Juss., nom. cons., distributed in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The conducted studies revealed that 2 species of this genus are found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is quite rich in accordance with its geographical location, relief and climate. Since the region covers both mountainous and steppe and semi-desert areas, various types of vegetation have formed here. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is one of the regions with the richest flora in Azerbaijan. The rare and endemic plants here are of particular importance not only for the country, but also for the world flora. Scientists note that the rhubarb plant has astringent and hemostatic properties. It is used in kidney, gynecological, lymphangitis and furunculosis diseases. It has a strong calming, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, choleretic and strengthening effect. It increases metabolism in the body.
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Taxonomic composition of the Orobanche L. genus in the Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The article presents information on the taxonomic composition of the genus Orobanche L. The article provides information on the distribution of the genus species in the flora of Nakhchivan. A brief overview of practical use is given. Sixteen species of this genus have been found in the flora of Nakhchivan, including Orobanche sintenisii Beck is present in the cultivated flora. The species of the genus are used as ornamental, fodder and food plants, as well as in medicine.
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Taxonomic composition of the Tragopogon L. genus in Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The species included in the Tragopogon L. genus, common in the flora of Nakhchivan, have been studied. 12 species of the genus have been described. A systematic analysis has been performed, and an ecological characteristic of the species has been given. For all the described species, a practical analysis of the possibility of using them in medicine, agriculture, etc., has been presented. The applied value is diverse-these are medicinal plants with a large number of biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, vitamins, saponins, tannins, phytoncides, mineral elements, etc.), spicy-aromatic, essential oil, food, fodder, and weed, as well as promising species for introduction into culture in the region.
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Taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan: a botanical overview
Статья научная
The genus Euphrasia (family Orobanchaceae) encompasses a diverse group of plants, characterized by their parasitic nature and their wide distribution across temperate regions of the world. In this study, we aim to provide a detailed botanical overview of the taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, located in the South Caucasus. This region, with its diverse ecological habitats and varied climatic conditions, offers a unique setting for the study of plant diversity. The Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan represent a significant portion of the genus' global diversity, contributing to both its ecological dynamics and cultural importance. This paper discusses the current knowledge of Euphrasia species in the region, their taxonomic classification, ecological distribution, and conservation status.
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Taxonomic revision of Luzula L. in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to revise the taxonomic composition of the genus Luzula L. in the flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, ecological and other methods were used. The materials of the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan were studied. 11 species of the genus Luzula L. were established. All species are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan. A brief description of the biology and ecology of the species is presented.
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The Current State of the Flora of Lake Sarysu (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The present study was conducted during 2022-2024 in the territory of Lake Sarisu, the second largest lake in the Republic of Azerbaijan. During the research, a floristic checklist of the plant species recorded in the study area was compiled. The checklist reflects the taxonomic structure of the flora, life forms, geographical and areal types, ecological groups, and endemism. Herbarium specimens of the identified plant species were prepared, photographs of plants in their natural habitats were taken, and GPS coordinates were recorded. The study revealed one vegetation formation (Phragmiteta australis) and four associations within the vegetation cover of Lake Sarisu: Phragmites australis + Ceratophyllum demersum; Phragmites australis + Typha angustifolia; Phragmites australis + Tamarix ramosissima; and Tamarix ramosissima + Tamarix hohenackeri. The investigation of the current state of flora and vegetation highlights the necessity of assessing the impacts of global ecological problems, including anthropogenic factors, on plant diversity. This issue is of particular relevance for future geobotanical and phytocoenological studies to be conducted in Lake Sarisu and its surrounding areas.
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Статья научная
The article studies the influence of relief, geological structure, and geomorphological factors on the formation of forest ecosystems on the example of the Zangilan and Gubadli regions of Azerbaijan. Remote sensing (decoding of satellite images), mathematical-statistical, and comparative analysis methods were used during the study. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that the altitudinal zones of the territory (mainly 400–1200 m), the slope inclination, and vernalization are the main factors directly regulating the species composition and density of the vegetation cover. In particular, the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and the slope degrees have determined the zones of soil erosion and moisture accumulation. The complexity of the geological structure — its diversity from Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments to volcanogenic rocks — affects the processes of soil formation and, as a result, the structure of forests. The results of the study are of significant scientific and practical importance in planning measures for the ecological restoration of the region, the establishment of forest belts, and the protection of soil from erosion.
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