Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Статья научная
Shahbuz region, considered the “flora museum” of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, occupies a special place in the Autonomous Republic due to the richness of its biodiversity, especially the diversity of flora species. In fact, this richness is due to the many species contained in the flora of the region, including wild vegetables, honey and nectar plants, medicinal plants, as well as essences, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, grafting agents, etc. Medicinal plants are of particular importance in this wealth. Some plant raw materials contain bioactive compounds with a wide range of effects, and the study and application of various substances in these mixtures, especially flavonoids, has always been the focus of scientific attention. Particularly, the high biological activity of flavonoids, their broader pharmacological effects and abundance in the plant kingdom should be considered as the main reasons for conducting research. A number of flavonoids have antibacterial effects. Thanks to their antioxidant properties, flavonoids protect the body from harmful environmental influences. In particular, the use of these substances in medicine and cosmetics, the pharmaceutical and food industries leads to a further increase in interest in them. Considering that the species Scrophularia nodosa L., widespread in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Region, including the Shahbuz region, is rich in flavonoids, qualitative analyzes were carried out to prove the presence of flavonoids in Scrophularia nodosa , and the amount of flavonoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method. As a result of laboratory studies, the total amount of flavonoids, determined by spectrophotometric method in the form of Scrophularia nodosa L., was 5,58%.
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Structural changes in Peganum harmala L. induced by gamma radiation
Статья научная
For the first time, the qualitative and quantitative alkaloid composition of Peganum harmala L. was thoroughly studied by identifying IR and radiothermoluminescence spectra. In order to identify alkaloids, a new combined and improved IR spectroscopy and radiothermoluminescence methods with high resolution were proposed. It is shown that the content and ratio of different types of alkaloids in the stems and seeds of P.Harmala differ significantly. More precisely, harmine prevails in the seeds, and peganine in the stems. In terms of the content and ratio of alkaloid components, P. harmala growing in the Absheron has a number of advantages compared to the same plants growing in the Masalli and Ismailli regions. It was found that when P. Harmala samples were irradiated, the IR spectra were transformed. More precisely, in the region of small doses (0.5
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Study of pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L
Статья научная
In article the results of overview research about pharmacological activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is given. Liquorice (licorice) root is derived from the inner part of the root and underground stem (rhizome) of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae, the bean family). The peeled drug is of much higher quality than the root with the bark, and is produced in several south-eastern European countries, Turkey, China and Russia. It has a very characteristic taste and smell, and is used in confectionery. The sweet taste also makes the identification of the drug relatively easy and so adulteration is uncommon. The most important bioactive secondary metabolite is glycyrrhizic acid, a water-soluble pentacyclic triterpene saponin which gives the drug its characteristic sweet taste (it is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose). Liquorice also contains numerous flavonoids (chalcones and isoflavonoids), coumarins and polysaccharides, which contribute to the activity.
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Study of the Effect of Rheum ribes L. Plant Extract on Human Lung Cancer Cells in vitro (A549)
Статья научная
An extract of Rheum ribes L. was isolated and its effect on lung cancer cells (A549) was determined. Cancer is a group of diseases in which malignant tumor cells with the potential to spread and undergo abnormal cell division break away from their original location and invade other parts of the body. According to literature and studies, rhubarb is used as an important medicinal plant. Its medicinal use is due to the presence of anthracene or its derivatives (e.g., anthraquinones) in its composition. The chemical components were isolated and studied. The effective effect of rhubarb extract on cancer cells was determined - there was a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information about the vegetation of woody species from the family Rosaceae Juss. distributed in the forest-edge shrublands of the Zangazur National Park, located within the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The article also offers extensive data on the phytosociological characteristics of the woody plants from the Rosaceae family found in the studied area, as well as on the formations, associations, and for the first time, the subassociations identified by us that are formed by these species. As a result of our numerous studies, for the first time, the vegetation of the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been classified based on dominant species. In this classification, dominant species are defined as those with a presence of 50% or more, subdominants around 10%, and other species are evaluated as accessory (assector) species. According to our research, for the first time, a phytosociological classification of the vegetation formed by the woody species of the Rosaceae family in the forest-edge shrublands of Zangazur National Park has been carried out. As a result, 2 formations, 6 associations, and 3 subassociations were identified, and the term subassociation has been applied by us as a unit within the vegetation classification.
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Статья научная
The systematic composition of the genus Nepeta L. of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented. This is one of the most widespread genera of the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The genus Nepeta is a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated in many regions of the world, especially in mountainous and semi-desert zones. The section is represented by 31 genera and 135 species. In Azerbaijan, 26 species of this genus are found. Nepeta L. is common on rocky-stony and roadside roadsides of the region. The species included in the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic practice. As a result of the studies, it was established that 15 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan Republic. The species belonging to the genus are used in medical, ecological, decorative and cosmetic fields.
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Статья научная
The presented report provides information on the systematic composition of species of the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. During the comparative analysis of the collected herbarium materials and literary sources, it was found that the genus Gulyulja of the legume family on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is represented by 24 species, information on the current state of these species is reflected in the article. The prepared report also studies and shows ecological groups, geographical elements and altitudinal belts of species belonging to the genus Lathyrus L. of the legume family.
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Статья научная
In the presented article Lamiaceae Martinov, nom, cons are widespread in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Information about the taxonomic spectrum of species included in the genus Salvia (Salvia L.) and directions of use is provided. As a result of the studies, it was found that 19 species of this genus were found in the flora of the Nakhchivan MR. According to the literature and our studies, species belonging to the genus are used not only from an aesthetic point of view, but also as an ecological, economic and medicinal plant.
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Статья научная
In the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Lamiaceae family includes the genus Thymus, which includes the most common aromatic species in the world. The chapter is characterized by 135 species in 31 genera. In Azerbaijan, there are 16 species of this genus, and in the Nakhchivan region - 7 species. Thymus L. - species of the genus Thymus are found in different areas of the mountain belt. The species included in the genus are used as medicinal, ecological, economic, food and spice plants. Taking all this into account, the study of the taxonomic composition of the genus thyme and the directions of its use is recognized as a relevant topic. The authors draw conclusions about the prospects for using the species.
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Taxonomic composition of the Orobanche L. genus in the Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The article presents information on the taxonomic composition of the genus Orobanche L. The article provides information on the distribution of the genus species in the flora of Nakhchivan. A brief overview of practical use is given. Sixteen species of this genus have been found in the flora of Nakhchivan, including Orobanche sintenisii Beck is present in the cultivated flora. The species of the genus are used as ornamental, fodder and food plants, as well as in medicine.
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Taxonomic composition of the Tragopogon L. genus in Nakhchivan and prospects for using species
Статья научная
The species included in the Tragopogon L. genus, common in the flora of Nakhchivan, have been studied. 12 species of the genus have been described. A systematic analysis has been performed, and an ecological characteristic of the species has been given. For all the described species, a practical analysis of the possibility of using them in medicine, agriculture, etc., has been presented. The applied value is diverse-these are medicinal plants with a large number of biologically active substances (alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, vitamins, saponins, tannins, phytoncides, mineral elements, etc.), spicy-aromatic, essential oil, food, fodder, and weed, as well as promising species for introduction into culture in the region.
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Taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan: a botanical overview
Статья научная
The genus Euphrasia (family Orobanchaceae) encompasses a diverse group of plants, characterized by their parasitic nature and their wide distribution across temperate regions of the world. In this study, we aim to provide a detailed botanical overview of the taxonomic diversity of Euphrasia species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, located in the South Caucasus. This region, with its diverse ecological habitats and varied climatic conditions, offers a unique setting for the study of plant diversity. The Euphrasia species in Nakhchivan represent a significant portion of the genus' global diversity, contributing to both its ecological dynamics and cultural importance. This paper discusses the current knowledge of Euphrasia species in the region, their taxonomic classification, ecological distribution, and conservation status.
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Taxonomic revision of Luzula L. in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to revise the taxonomic composition of the genus Luzula L. in the flora of Azerbaijan. Floristic-systematic, ecological and other methods were used. The materials of the Herbarium Fund of the Botanical Institute of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan were studied. 11 species of the genus Luzula L. were established. All species are widespread in the flora of Azerbaijan. A brief description of the biology and ecology of the species is presented.
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Статья научная
This study examined the effects of ferric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) at various concentrations on the activity of antioxidant system enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the sprouts of durum and soft wheat varieties. The research objects included durum wheat varieties ( Triticum durum Desf.) Gyrmyzy Bugda, Garagylchyg-2, Yagut, and Karabakh, as well as soft wheat varieties ( Triticum aestivum L.) Mirbashir-128, Gobustan, Sheki-1, and Dagdash. To determine the optimal concentrations of nanoparticles influencing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different wheat varieties, molar concentrations of zinc oxide NPs (0,1 mM, 0,01 mM, and 0,001 mM) and mass concentrations of ferric oxide NPs (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of soil) were applied. The highest catalase activity was observed at a zinc oxide NP concentration of 0,01 mM for both durum and soft wheat varieties. For ferric oxide NPs, the optimal concentration was found to be 30 mg/kg for durum wheat varieties and 15 mg/kg for soft wheat varieties. Thus, ferric oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles show potential for use as pre-sowing seed treatments for various durum and soft wheat varieties. However, determining the optimal NP concentrations for the specific crops being studied is a critical requirement for their effective application.
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The problem of drought in the territory of Azerbaijan and combat measures
Статья научная
The article considers global and local climate change, and the problems associated with these changes. The increase in drought in the world and in Azerbaijan. The influence of various types of anthropogenic impact on the environment is studied. Measures to reduce their negative consequences are proposed. 52.4% of the total land fund of Azerbaijan is suitable for agriculture. The bulk of the soil is in arid areas (Kura-Araz lowland, including the Salyan, Mil, Mugan, Shirvan and Karabakh plains). Drought is also observed in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. Growing crops without irrigation is impossible. Problems arise in irrigating crop areas in dry years. The presence of drought in the summer months and a decrease in water resources negatively affect agriculture. The total water deficit in Azerbaijan in 2020 amounted to more than 0.2 km3. The water deficit may increase to 1.3 km3 in 2030 but may amount to 4-5 km3 in 2050. It is proposed to use current technologies in the country's natural resource management system.
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Статья научная
The article examines the role of digital technologies in climate change management and reducing the environmental impact of U.S. companies. Innovations such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and big data are analyzed for their ability to help companies minimize CO2 emissions, optimize resource use, and improve energy efficiency. Challenges companies face when implementing digital solutions: high initial costs, integration difficulties, and regulatory complexities, are discussed. Strategies for overcoming these barriers to achieve sustainable development are proposed.
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Статья научная
The article provides information about the taxonomic spectrum and bioecological characteristics of the species belonging to the genus Alchemilla L. of the Rosaceae Juss. family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Through a comparative analysis of collected herbarium materials and literature sources, it has been revealed that the genus Alchemilla is represented by 13 species in the Nakhchivan AR, and information about the current state of these species is also reflected in the article. Based on our research, the ecological groups and geographical elements of the species belonging to the Alchemilla L. genus of the Rosaceae family have also been studied.
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Статья научная
Previous studies have allowed us to determine important characteristics characteristic of significant species of the genus Alchemilla L. in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Species of this genus are widely represented in Azerbaijan. The issue of practical use of species of the genus Alchemilla L. is considered. The characteristics of the main species and their use in medicine and as ornamental plants are given. The analysis of already published data on flora and assessment of the state of vegetation of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is presented.
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Use of complex experiments and modeling in modern hydrobiological research
Статья научная
The integration of complex experimental methodologies and advanced computational modeling has revolutionized contemporary hydrobiological research. These integrative approaches enable a mechanistic understanding of aquatic ecosystem dynamics and provide predictive capabilities essential for adaptive management in the face of global environmental change. Controlled experimental systems - such as microcosms and mesocosms - allow for the manipulation of key abiotic and biotic variables, thereby generating high-resolution empirical data. In parallel, mechanistic, statistical, and machine learning-based models synthesize this information to simulate nutrient cycling, trophic interactions, and ecosystem responses under various stress scenarios including eutrophication, climate perturbation, and pollutant influx. Recent advancements in sensor technologies, remote monitoring, and genomic tools have further enhanced data granularity, facilitating model calibration, validation, and real-time ecological forecasting. This paper critically reviews the methodologies and applications of complex experimentation and modeling in hydrobiology, highlighting case studies that demonstrate their synergistic potential in ecosystem assessment, scenario development, and evidence-based policy formulation. By bridging empirical observation with computational simulation, these tools collectively offer a robust framework for the sustainnable management and conservation of aquatic environments in an era of rapid environmental transformation.
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Активация воды: влияние электрического поля на свойства жидкости
Статья научная
Рассматривается процесс получения активированной воды на основе электрического поля. Активированная вода, полученная в результате электролиза, демонстрирует уникальные физико-химические свойства, отличающиеся от обычной воды, что открывает новые возможности для применения в различных отраслях народного хозяйства. Исследованы механизмы активации воды и их влияние на кислотно-щелочной баланс, а также стабильность активированных свойств. В экспериментальной части представлены данные о зависимости pH воды от времени активации и напряжения между электродами. Результаты показывают, что увеличение времени активации и напряжения приводит к значительным изменениям pH вблизи анода и катода. Обсуждаются проблемы, связанные с нестабильностью активированных свойств и влиянием состава исходной воды. Работа подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших исследований для оптимизации технологии получения активированной воды и разработки стандартов для ее применения.
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