Family entrepreneurship as an important factor of family strength

Entrepreneurship has existed since time immemorial. In the early stages of economic formation, perceptions of entrepreneurship emerged in the process of observing daily economic activity. The first entrepreneurs were traders and usurers. From this point of view, it is clear that entrepreneurship in the territory of Uzbekistan existed many centuries ago.

The strong development of entrepreneurship and trade in Uzbekistan dates back to the first centuries of the Great Silk Road. Movarounnahr’s location at the center of the Great Silk Road, which connected East and West, allowed it to explore the positive aspects of both Western and Eastern entrepreneurship. Craftsmanship is the factor that created and developed family business. Crafts have been developed in Uzbekistan since ancient times. The oldest examples of handicrafts found by our archaeologists date back to 3-4 thousand years BC. Based on these findings, it can be said that family celebrations in the territory of our country appeared 5-6 thousand years ago.

The fact that family business plays an important role in ensuring not only economic but also social stability of society is recognized by all experts dealing with this problem.

The study of human history shows that the main events that shook society were related to the conflict between employers and workers, employees. The upheavals from the Spartacus revolt in ancient Rome to the October coup were connected with this very contradiction. One of the most important results of family business is seen in mitigating and minimizing this extremely dangerous conflict.

The development of family business leads to the economic and social development of the country. Well-known sociologist M. Weber writes about this: “Initially, there was no difference between family farming and business. This difference gradually emerged as a result of the improvement of money circulation in the Middle Ages. But this difference is still unknown in countries like India and China. In wealthy Florentine households such as Medici, family expenses and production expenses were recorded separately in ledgers. The financial balance was formed primarily on the basis of external transactions, and all other expenses were included in the "common pot" of the family community. "[3] Family business is close to the lifestyle of our business people. We are often confronted with a situation where children take up the profession of their fathers. An entire dynasty of artisans appears in the apartment. It is also important that family business is based on the personal work of its participants, and for the family we are ready to employ everyone at any opportunity. In this regard, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev put forward the noble idea that "priority should be given to supporting entrepreneurial initiatives to address social problems on the ground, especially youth and women's entrepreneurship" [1].

If we think about the organization of family business, in this case there are many advantages: the activity is created on the basis of common funds, trust between women and participants is an important factor in the development of any business. Even in times of economic crisis in state-owned enterprises, staff reductions are rare. A father who is the head of a family business does not drive his wife or children out of the street, leaving them unemployed. (One of the characteristics of Uzbek families is that in almost all families, the head of the family is the father. Naturally, he will also be the head of a family business.) He will work hard to save jobs, his loved ones from unemployment by developing a new type of product or introducing new technology into production, the market is more active. In the wake of the economic crisis, workers who are unhappy with declining wages and jobs are going on strike, chanting slogans against business owners. This is almost non-existent in family businesses. The fact that children or relatives take to the streets carrying slogans against their fathers can only cause laughter. It is also possible in some countries that a parent who is the head of a family business may impose fines or fines on their children in other enterprises, but this is not the case in Uzbekistan. This is due to the ethnocultural features of family business in Uzbekistan. Ethnocultural factors have a significant impact on human activities. The structure of human activity is based on needs, interests, motives, goals, stimuli. Each of them is significantly influenced by national traditions, values and customs. Entrepreneurs also feel the influence of the cultural environment in which they are formed. Most developed countries have an active policy aimed at the development and support of small and medium-sized businesses. The reason for the great attention paid to family business around the world, as our scientists acknowledge, is that “the establishment of family business solves many socio-economic, political and cultural problems. It contributes to the sustainable development of the country. ”[2] At the end of the twentieth century, the total number of small enterprises in Uzbekistan, as well as the share of products produced by these enterprises in the structure of social production, lagged behind that in developed countries. At the end of the first decade of the XXI century, the number of small and medium-sized businesses in our country has reached the level of a developed country. The share of products produced by small enterprises in our country has become more than half of GDP. About two-thirds of the employed population in our country are small businesses, including family businesses.

There are sectors in the country's economy where high-quality, competitive products are produced mainly by small and family businesses. These include bakery, clothing and footwear industries. The advantage of family businesses is not limited to food and light industry. For example, in the Japanese automotive industry, large corporations work closely with small and family businesses. The fact is that modern cars consist of several thousand complex components. Separate equipment is required to produce each of these components. The need to create favorable conditions for the development of small business and family entrepreneurship is again seen in the fact that the creation of large enterprises is associated with serious risks. Therefore, it is optimal to organize such enterprises first in the form of small and family enterprises with less risk and then develop them and turn them into medium and large enterprises. Even in the case of bankruptcy of small and family enterprises, its negative consequences account for a very small proportion of the negative consequences that occur when large enterprises go bankrupt. In addition, there will be favorable opportunities for small and family enterprises to conduct various experiments, master the production of qualitatively new products, the introduction of innovative technologies. Mobilization in family businesses will be higher. They are more sensitive to news, less afraid of risk, and less likely to go bankrupt. In short, it is important to understand the prospects of family business in ensuring the sustainability of society and the family.