Глубокая переработка продуктов оленеводства: возможности и направления развития

Reindeer husbandry is a complex socio economic system consisting of technological, environmental and social functional subsystems. The difficulty of increasing the efficiency of reindeer husbandry is that the factors influencing its growth occur in different combinations, forming different forms of interdependence and interactions. Deep and waste free processing of reindeer husbandry products as a component of economic efficiency is considered. It is shown that in the last two decades, modern, mechanized slaughter stations equipped with mod ules for the conservation and processing of meat products have been installed in all reindeer herding areas. Problems arise with the processing of fur, endocrine, enzyme and special raw materials, in particular antlers and blood. These products are simply utilized by many farms. At the same time, since the Soviet period, numerous studies have been carried out on the helpful (therapeutic) properties of secondary reindeer husbandry products. Methods for collecting, storing and preserving antlers and some types of endocrine enzyme and special raw materials have been developed. An overview of the relevant literature is provided. From the experience of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Yamalo Nenets Autonomous Area, examples of the production of innovative reindeer husbandry products were considered: powder, extracts, hydrolysates and dry slides from antlers, blood products that are used as raw materials for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry in Russia and abroad. Evaluation of the volumes of secondary reindeer husbandry products that can be collected and processed in the Republic of Komi shows that deep processing of reindeer products can open new, promising sectors of the economy of the region, increase the incomes of reindeer herd ers, create new jobs and more fully use the scien tific and educational potential of the Republic. The Republic of Komi needs a regional strategy focused on deeper processing of reindeer products, the creation of new commodity chains on its basis, the development of new markets and increasing demand for drugs, goods and services of reindeer