Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Статья научная
In this study, the influence of the application of an online teaching model on the development of digital cometences of future teachers in preschool institutions was examined. The research that this study deals with was carried out on a sample consisting of N=125 students of the 3rd year of basic academic and professional studies in the study program of teacher in preschool institutions. As a research instrument, a five-point Likert-type scale of attitudes was used. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of future teachers in preschool institutions when it comes to self-assessment of digital competencies before and after the implementation of online classes during the state of emergency in Serbia during the Sars-Cov-2 virus pandemic. The conclusion of the study is that the implementation of online teaching in processing the content of the Methodology of getting to know the environment affects the improvement of the digital competences of future educators when it comes to: 1) creating digital resources; 2) application of digital technologies in immediate educational work; 3) the role of digital technologies in professional development. The results of this research can be used to encourage teachers to step out of the usual pre-pandemic practice and enrich their pedagogical work with combined teaching (hybrid model) where part of the material would be analyzed in person, and part would be analyzed online using web tools, websites and videoconferencing applications.
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This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at exploring teachers’ perspectives on environmental education for students in the first to fourth grades of primary school. The issue of environmental education for primary school students has gained significant attention in recent decades and is now seen as an educational necessity. The study’s objectives focus on understanding teachers’ views on the importance of teaching environmental topics in the first cycle of primary education and evaluating the school’s ability to support such teaching. The research was conducted through a survey involving 455 teachers from thirty-five primary schools across eight cities in the Republic of Serbia, using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. The questionnaire featured a series of questions and rating scales based on a five-point Likert scale. Although there are some differences in respondents’ opinions based on factors such as work experience, school location, and the number of environmental seminars attended, the data suggest that teachers generally have positive views on the importance of including environmental topics in the first cycle of primary education. They also express favorable opinions about the conditions necessary to achieve the goals of environmental education in their schools. Teachers recognize the importance of studying environmental topics, not only for gaining knowledge, skills, and experiences but also for fostering students’ environmental awareness. The capacity of schools to support environmental education is most strongly influenced by extracurricular activities and various educational programs. This research highlights the crucial role of primary schools in meeting the goals of environmental education and lays the groundwork for further studies in this area, particularly focusing on teachers’ professional development and the acquisition of environmental competencies.
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The Influence of Organizational Factors on the School’s Achievements
Статья научная
The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the most significant organizational factors on primary school achievements, with a note that the achievement of the school is expressed through the quality of outcome knowledge. The research was conducted on a sample of 460 employees, from 21 primary schools, of which 439 are professionals and 21 are principals in the South Bačka County, Republic of Serbia. The collected data were processed using the Gretl software and AMOS for modelling structural equations. More precisely, the research is based on the application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A neural network based on a standard multilayer perceptron model was used in the paper to test the validity of the obtained results of the AMOS model. The results of the research show that school management is the most important factor in school achievement and that this influence is most pronounced through teaching staff and school infrastructure. The results, also show that teachers’ competencies have the strongest direct influence on the quality of outcome knowledge. The results obtained indicate that decision-makers and creators of social policies must pay special attention to the selection of school principals as well as their professional education, while school principals to the selection of teachers. Future researchers are recommended to use the Sobel test to precisely determine the indirect influences of school management on school achievement.
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The Influence оf E-Sports оn Economy Education аnd Cultural Communication
Статья научная
The growing popularity of eSports has attracted significant attention due to its potential influence beyond the realm of entertainment. This paper investigates the effects of eSports on the economy, education, and cultural communication. By exploring how eSports platforms and events provide avenues for generating profit, facilitating learning, and fostering cultural exchange, the study seeks to reveal the diverse impacts of digital gaming on both business and education, as well as its role in global communication This study employs a descriptive-qualitative methodology, examines case studies to evaluate the industry’s economic prospects, educational advantages, and the cross-cultural connections promoted by eSports. The results demonstrate that eSports is a versatile platform that not only improves digital literacy and collaboration skills but also acts as a conduit for cultural understanding in an increasingly interconnected world. Furthermore, economic revenues from e-sports continue to grow annually. Grasping these dynamics is essential for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders aiming to harness digital gaming for economic, educational and cultural progress.
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Judicial Systems
Статья научная
The problem we tried to solve relates to the application of artificial intelligence in the legal and judicial system. Given the fact that artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly taking precedence in various areas of human existence and work, it is an undoubted fact that the legal and judicial systems have not been left out either. It is precisely for this reason that the current state of the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system, as well as potential new solutions, was first reviewed. In addition to the current one, we focused on the application of artificial intelligence in the legal and judicial system, especially in the domain of decision-making. In this regard, in this paper we propose the use of explainable artificial intelligence, which increasingly takes place when dealing with systems in which the precision and clarity of the parameters on the basis of which a decision is made are of great importance. Looking at the advantages of using explainable artificial intelligence in the decision-making process, one gets the impression that the application of such a model of neural networks can provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for the legal system to accept the use of artificial intelligence in decision-making in the judicial system.
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The application of artificial intelligence in education - the current state and trends
Статья научная
The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of contemporary AI tools and technologies in education. The paper will mainly focus on a close examination of relevant academic literature as well as the current situation and methods of AI implementation in different sectors, finally, in education. Particularly, it was crucial that there were identified the major directions of applying AI in learning with an emphasis on learners and educators being the basic aspects of AI use within modern educational approaches. Secondly, some benefits and drawbacks concerning AI implementations in education supported by experiences from industry leaders and specific satisfaction measures among existing users, are analyzed. The most significant part covers integrating findings that show facts about artificial intelligence being used in education for 2024 like top online learning statistics for 2024, top AI statistics for 2024, and best AI plagiarism checkers for teachers in 2024 respectively. This includes evaluating teacher or instructor preparation skills to employ artificial intelligence (AI) tools and technology as well as ways students can learn how to use them without misuse towards quality education improvement.
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The present study examines the links between personality traits, leisure activities, and memory in older adults after controlling for leisure activities and demographic factors. The research sample consisted of 24,930 individuals aged 65 to 101 years from 27 European countries (43.2% men and 56.8% women). Data from the 7th Wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe was analyzed. Memory was assessed using a modified version of Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Personality traits were assessed using the BFI-10 Personality Traits Questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that personality traits such as openness to experience and neuroticism allow for the prediction of memory capacity in older adulthood. These relationships remained significant even after controlling for cognitively stimulating leisure activities and age. These results show that personality traits such as neuroticism and openness to experience might be valuable in predicting memory functioning among older adults.
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The attitudes and opinions of teachers to their competences
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The teaching profession is built upon the initial education on relevant pedagogical faculties, and further upgraded and improved through continuing education through various forms of professional development. The competencies of the teacher for realization of educational activity represents the content and function of its professional obligations. Global taxonomy of teacher’s competences are consisted of pedagogical competencies and professional competencies. The pedagogical competence of the teacher has one main characteristic - it enables the organization and realization of educational process. The professional competences of the teacher, in fact, represent the competence and commitment to implement the teaching. The subject of research in this paper is the professional competences of the teachers. The research is focused on the identification of the professional competencies of the teacher, with the possibility of extension and deepening of the established taxonomy with new competences. The professional qualifications of teachers are closely related to the profile and characteristics of the educational system. Partial and global changes in educational systems have led to changes in competence of the teacher. In order to establish more successful future projection of the impact of teacher’s competences on all school activities and arising results, the proposed changes will focus on: improving the quality of working conditions in primary schools - the basic requirements to equip with modern educational technology; changes in curriculum placement; greater efficiency of educational work; systematic assessment of the teacher, which will result in raising its position in society.
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Статья научная
The article shows that the unstable situation in the world leads to possible armed conflicts, affecting primarily children, experiencing various traumatic consequences. Such a situation arises in post-conflict regions and creates a need for teachers who possess the necessary competencies when teaching children with experience of traumatic effects. The purpose of the article is to study the state and trends in the development of psychological and pedagogical issues related to the use of collaborative learning technologies to form the psychological culture of future teachers in order to further work with children with experience of traumatic effects. It is shown that the analysis of the formation and development of the problems of group psychological corrective work is grounded on the basic principles identified by representatives of various directions. The authors propose to build the training of future teachers on the basis of a model of joint thinking for the subsequent organization of teachers' interaction with children who have experience of traumatic effects. The authors analyzed the basic principles of group psychologically corrective work from the point of view of the possibilities of organizing joint thinking. The basic principles of the organization of training of future teachers were highlighted, their meaningful characteristics for the purposes of organizing joint thinking were given. A comparison of the principles of group psychological corrective work and the principles of the organization of joint thinking of future teachers is carried out. Their correlation and the importance of using joint thinking in organizing the training of future teachers and for conducting psychologically corrective work with children are shown.
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Отчет
Improving the quality of the practical teaching in recent years has gained greater significance among all the included parties of all the levels in the educational process. Consequently, this issue has been approached from several aspects in regards to the constitution of the conceptual, systematic, structural, and content physiognomy in the organization and conduct of the process of practical teaching. The successiveness in setting the research and its complete theoretical foundation starts with setting up a model for practical teaching, in which all the relative factors from the three educational subsystems simultaneously and actively help to develop it. This initiation is completed through the provision of educational support, and realization with a high level of activity, all in all accompanied by a continuous follow-up of the model. The action character of the research represents continual movement in the direction of changes, additions, revisions, and expansions, approached through analysis of the acquired knowledge, developed competences, and relevant viewpoints of the included interested parties.Due to the universality of the basic pedagogical concept for practical teaching, which is applied in this research, one of the ideas that the researchers had been for it to become a generator, i.e. a specific example for support of practical teaching in higher education through the development of various profiles. It primarily refers to that category of students who in the future will choose whether they want to work as kindergarten teachers, primary or secondary school teachers, or school pedagogues, in different levels of education.
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Статья научная
Parental involvement is an important factor in students’ achievement, and numerous studies have shown that it increases students’ success. As research on father’s involvement has become one of the current topics in education today, there is a need to separate the effect exercised by fathers from the overall family one. The aim of this study is to synthesize various studies which have focused on different aspects of fathers’ involvement; therefore, a meta-analysis would be an ideal method to create a synthesis of these perspectives and provide one general measure of fathers’ involvement effect. Nine studies have been included in the meta-analysis, where fathers’ involvement has been operationalized through father’s involvement in: education of children at school and at home, psychosocial well-being of children, modelling of behavior and leisure activities. The results show that the total measure of effect size differs from zero after applying the fixed model (z=13.510, p=0.000) and the random effect model (z=4.588, p=0.000), that is, there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the involvement of fathers and the academic success of their children. The value of the heterogeneity test (Q=66.560, df=8, p=.000, I2=87.981) indicates that the overall effect can be viewed according to the assumptions of the random effects model. The conducted meta-analysis has confirmed the assumption that fathers’ involvement is positively related to children’s academic performance.
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Статья научная
Children and youth of school age form a special population group highly sensitive to various stressors and negative effects in everyday life. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis characterized by uncertainty, vulnerability, changes in quality of life together with urgent transition to distant/online learning affected significantly psychological well-being of children and youth. The aim of this study was to assess the cross-cultural differences in actual stress in Russian and Kyrgyz schoolchildren with high and low levels of anxiety and depression during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and after a year life during the pandemic. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey completed by total 1834 schoolchildren aged from 13 to 18 from Russia and Kyrgyzstan, the periods of survey: 10th May - 10th June, 2020; 18th May -15th June, 2021. The Perceived Stress Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to assess stress, anxiety and depression scores. The findings suggest that there are cross-cultural differences in perceived stress amongst schoolchildren with high level of depression and anxiety: Russian respondents in 2021 demonstrated less pronounced index of the perceived stress than Kyrgyz schoolchildren. The stress level of Kyrgyz schoolchildren increased significantly in 2021 in comparison to the period of outbreak of the pandemic. In 2021 in both countries we found the same pattern: girls had significantly more pronounced stress than boys. The results disclose important aspects of the impact of COVID-19 on schoolchildren and demonstrate the emerging need of psychological aid and for supporting schoolchildren mental health.
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Статья научная
The study aims to reveal the attitude of students and teachers to mobile learning; explore the possibility of developing critical thinking skills in mobile learning; and also evaluate knowledge after a short training course involving the use of mobile technologies in the context of the development of critical thinking. The research relies on an interview and a test. It was attended by 275 people (93 teachers and 182 students). The results showed that 58% of teachers and 55% of students believe that mobile learning does not contribute to the development of critical thinking. The test results showed that the study participants who pre-listened to the course of lectures on their mobile devices did not cope with the questions well enough, and cognitive errors were identified. The research has shown that improving the skills of interpreting, analyzing, evaluating and explaining information can increase the effectiveness of mobile learning. The research is a contribution to the study of various aspects of the impact of mobile learning on students and will be of interest to teachers, students, academic administration, parents, as well as to those who are interested in modern pedagogy and educational psychology.
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Статья научная
The purpose of the research was to determine the secondary school students’ attitude and motivation toward STEM. For this purpose, two field studies for developing a survey were conducted. The first field study, pilot study, was performed for collecting the research data and making statistical analysis of the research data. After completing statistical analysis procedures (Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) of the pilot survey, the reliability and validity of the pilot survey was calculated. The statistical results indicated that the pilot survey was reliable and it also had four sub-factors. The second field study, main study, was performed for comparing and discussing the research data. The research was applied to 2912 students at different 14 secondary schools during the academic year of 2018-2019 at Izmir, Turkey. The students’ results in the metropolitan and suburban regions of the city were compared. The results indicated the decrease in the attitude and motivation of students at higher levels in both regions toward STEM. When the results of the research were evaluated in terms of the sub-factors, the science and engineering values of secondary school students in the suburban were higher than the values of the students in metropolitan. It was not found a significant difference between the students’ technology and mathematics values for both metropolitan and suburban. There was a significant difference between the 7th grade students’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics values instructed in metropolitan and suburban in favor of the students instructed in suburban. It was calculated that there was not a significant difference between the 6th and 8th grade students’ all values for both the regions. It was only calculated that there was a significant difference between the 5th grade students’ mathematics value. Investigations on gender factors showed that the female students’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics values were generally lower than the male students’ values for both the regions.
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The effect of a reading comprehension software program on student achievement in mathematics
Статья научная
In an effort to increase student achievement, research was conducted to determine the degree in which a reading comprehension software program effected the reading and math abilities of fourth and fifth grade students. Cognitive and educational studies were examined to select a reading comprehension software program as an intervention that would produce positive results in reading comprehension and possibly transfer positive results to achievement in other academic areas, specifically in math. The effects of the intervention were measured by assigning subjects to an experimental group. The total sample consisted of 39 students who were deficient in reading comprehension, and also exposed a significant weakness with word problem items on mathematical assessments. Four instruments were used to collect data before and after the treatment to measure student achievement. To determine the degree to which the software program effected student achievement, data from the four instruments were analyzed using SPSS software. A paired-samples dependent t test and a Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was computed with ratio level data to test for a correlation between increased math scores and reading comprehension scores. Results yielded statistically significant and positive results in increasing reading comprehension skills that could possibly benefit students in reading and understanding mathematical problems. Results did not conclusively support that the increase of reading-comprehension skills had a collateral effect on students scoring higher with math word problems. The results are conducive to providing insight to educational leaders who plan to implement software as a means for increasing student achievement.
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Статья научная
Students acquire learning material in different ways. Some prefer to read, some prefer to listen, others use the third type of sense. Traditional teaching uses only one of these teaching strategies since it is impossible to use all of them in the classroom. However, these days, adaptive e-learning systems enable learning material to be customized to the individual needs of learners. For the purpose of this paper, the researchers designed a model of the adaptive learning management system and implemented it in Moodle. The system was evaluated on 228 students. The incorporation of learning styles in Moodle is based on the VAK learning style model. The authors analysed the effects and effectiveness of an adaptive e-learning system. It was discovered that there are significant differences in learning effectiveness, satisfaction and motivation when students use an adaptive e-learning module in comparison to a standard e-learning module. Moreover, we investigated the durability of knowledge acquired with an adaptive e-learning system by comparing the performance of students not only after the completion of the course but also a month after the course. The results of the research confirmed the authors’ expectations and showed that an adaptive e-learning system can increase students’ learning results. So far, to our knowledge, no study has evaluated the performance between a control and experiment group a few months after the completion of the course, i.e. by analysing the durability of knowledge acquired through an adaptive e-learning system. Moreover, the motivation of students to continue using an adaptive e-learning system hasn’t been analysed until now.
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The effects of the pedagogical experience on the quality of teacher education
Статья научная
Faculties should ensure integration of science and teaching: science that constantly evolves following the changes in scientific thought and teaching that incorporates these changes in their own organization. So there is a need of including the students, who are prepare for teachers, in the process of pedagogical experience during their study. Pedagogical experience is a completed with a pedagogical practice and hospitation on one side and theoretical knowledge on the other side. Pedagogical experience is a kind of activities that students are involved in the educational process. Considering the importance of these activities, we made a research to determine the effects of pedagogical experience of students in the fourth year of studies at the Pedagogical Faculty in Skopje. This research is guided by two assumptions: 1. Pedagogical experience as an integral part of studies has positive effects on the quality of initial teacher education and educators; 2. The organization of pedagogical internship does not fully satisfy the educational-applicative needs of students and objectives of the internship. During the survey, we have found that the students have good theoretical knowledge about the educational process and are successful in selecting topics for discussion with the competent persons in institutions. But they are not initiative enough and they are not sufficiently active in the process that have no direct obligation to implement and to record. Because of that, students have to be well prepared and instructed for all activities through the practice that will relate to their overall engagement as teachers.It shows that there is a necessity to redefine the structure, objectives, content and organization of the internship.
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The emotional analysis of children with special needs during tablet usage in education
Статья научная
The aim of this research is to determine the emotions of the students who need special education during the teaching process through Tablet. Document analysis method was used to determine the emotions of the students who need of special education in the process of teaching through tablet. Five years old, three mentally retarded students were involved in the process of using the software. In the study, descriptive analysis method of Strauss & Corbin was used for the analysis of data obtained through interviews and observation forms. According to the results of the artificial intelligence emotions analysis, it is seen that the students are happy and eager to learn in the process of teaching with tablet. Another common point is that they are a bit confused sometimes, although they are eager in the initial teaching sessions. As a result, it can be said that the positive results of the emotional analysis and positive results obtained from the teaching sessions with the tablet support each other.
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The evaluation of primary school teacher role on research activities
Статья научная
Many primary education programs, including the updated educational program in Kazakhstan, involve the creation and implementation of thematic units to prepare younger students for research activities. This approach is reflected in the integrated method of teaching and learning in primary classes. However, in cases where the research-based pedagogical approach is not used, it has become an urgent problem because it cannot meet the interest of students. Therefore, this article intends to study theoretical works on the preparation of primary school students for research, conduct experimental work on a small experimental site, and consider specific results. In theoretical terms, such works as content analysis, synthesis, generalization, survey, and diagnostics were organized. Analyzing the experimental work on the stages of identification and formation. Based on methodological materials to prepare students for research, we offer percentages.
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The expert opinion on quality of family functioning in Croatia
Статья научная
A number of recent studies found the link between the quality of family functioning, welfare and children’s achievement. In the absence of longitudinal studies on the quality of family functioning in Croatia, the expert opinion on family functions and the educational aspects of family life was explored. The data was obtained by classic Delphi method, in three cycles. Anonymous discussion was accepted as a quality manner of idea generating and analysis. Socio-emotional and upbringing functions have been singled out as the most significant permanent family functions, while the educational function is gradually taken over by the society. The expert opinion on family functions and the educational aspects of family life in Croatia was explored. The development of self-esteem and self-respect in children has been identified as the most important aspect of the upbringing function of family. It is assumed that the quality of growing up is related to growing up in families with family functioning. Research participants anticipate further changes in the family structure and the way that family functions. There was no consensus on the unambiguous definition of the family as a concept. There was no statistically significant difference between the opinions of the research participants on the importance of individual family functions in the modern society, and the predictors of the quality of family life. Due to the long-term economic crisis, there is a justified concern about the quality of parenting and, subsequently, the current and long-term welfare of children.
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