Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
The role of education in the formation of values and value orientations among adolescents
Отчет
In this paper is discussed the concept of values and value orientations, as to the role of education in the process of their forming among adolescents from middle and late adolescence. Presented and discussed are the results of a larger research regarding the differences in values and value orientations in adolescents with different kind of education and: а) adolescents learning religious subjects and ethics b) adolescents learning ethics and c) adolescents learning neither religious subjects, nor ethics. The findings obtained testify for the presence of differences in the system of values in adolescents with different educational type as regarding the following instrumental values: cooperation, honesty, determination, capability, assistance, clarity, generosity, logics and competing. There are also differences regarding the terminal values: an exciting life, peace in the world, self-respecting, peace of mind, equality, economic welfare, pleasure and social justice. As regarding to the examined life styles, differences are found between the examined groups of adolescents in the following value orientations: family, altruistic, utilitary, popular and individual, as to religious, hedonism and power.
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The role of persistence in students’ self-realization
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the results of an empirical research obtained with the help of a sample of students. The research of persistence was carried out within the framework of the dispositional concept of personality traits and individuality by A. I. Krupnov. The techniques developed by A. I. Krupnov as well as the author’s test of persistence were used in the study. After allocating the levels of persistence, the features of self-realization were analyzed in each group of the respondents. The specificity of self-realization was revealed in the context of the author’s polysystemic concept, the author’s multidimensional questionnaire on personality’s self-realization (MQPSR) was used as a diagnostic tool. The empirical study revealed statistically significant differences in the specifics of self-realization of the students with different levels of persistence manifestation. The respondents with a high level of persistence realize themselves more successfully in different spheres of life due to the obvious active behaviour, optimistic attitude, high motivation, creative methods and techniques of self-expression, internal self-regulation and constructive behavior. The students with low persistence lack successful self-realization because of passivity, pessimism, external locus of self-control, a high level of barriers and standard simple schemes of self-expression.
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The role of students' life course conception in their self-development
Статья научная
To facilitate students' self-development it is necessary to understand the inner factors of this process as well as the ways of increasing its productivity. This paper studies whether a person's idea (mental representations) of their own life course influences self-development. To examine this phenomenon 215 engineering students completed the study. The empirical research included two phases. The purpose of the first phase was to examine if there was co-herence of the two analyzed constructs - the life course conception and intentional self-development. During the second phase a programme was implemented which was dedicated to the improvement of students' life course conception. Also, changes in indicators of self-development and life course conception were studied. The results show that maturation of student's life course conception, awareness of experience and future goals, understanding of one's significant life achievements, attitude toward oneself as a source of life events and achievements, and thoughtful actions in goal pursuit promote intrinsic motivation, and activity in self-development. The improvement of student's life course conception and formation of meaningful ideas about their own lives help to actualize self-development. The results of the study can be implemented in education programmes' development in order to choose appropriate methods for the facilitation of students' self-development.
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The role of the school counsellor in school-community collaboration: the case of Slovenia
Статья научная
The article presents some essential characteristics of collaboration between the school counselling service and individuals or institutions in the community. The role of school counselling in Slovenia is not limited merely to counselling and providing direct assistance to students with learning and their personal development. Rather, it includes the encouragement of all participants in the educational process to create adequate learning environments. The role, however, should also be understood in broader terms as organizational and content collaboration with external environments, institutions and individuals in the community. The authors begin by proposing some starting points for collaboration between the school counselling service and the local community and, in the second part of the article, they move on to the findings of their empirical research study, conducted on a representative sample of school counsellors working in Slovenian primary schools. The results prove the need for collaboration between the school counselling service and different institutions or individuals in the community. The authors primarily focus on examining the obstacles and drawbacks to the collaboration, while they simultaneously highlight examples of good practice that enable constructive collaboration, without which schools and school-based counselling would not be able to contribute to educational processes. The described examples demonstrate that collaboration between schools/school counsellors and institutions/individuals in the community is crucial to solving the problems that students and their families face.
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The role of the teacher in interactive teaching
Статья научная
Considering the role of the teacher and their relation to pupils during the instructional process as well as the organisation of activities by the teacher, this paper actualises the current views related to the role the teacher has in interactive teaching. The teacher is the basic instigator of interaction with his/her pupils and he/she can be such an instigator only with well organised teaching. Interactive teaching, a promising approach, represents a challenge not only for the teachers but for the professional service as well. The traditional teaching, dominated by a verbal approach and memorising of the teaching material, is entirely replaced with other activities, both in the process of following the teaching and in the process of learning the material. The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of application of interactive teaching in the educational process, since practicing of interactive teaching by the teachers, during this paper represents only a part of authentic results from the two combined researches, one part of results obtained via survey sheets given to the teachers of nine schools and a part of the results from interviews taken with the professional service as a focus group.
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The teacher’s role and professional development
Статья научная
The text addresses the theme of teachers’ professional development. The role of a teacher is defined by cultural and social events and the environment, and they influence the differences that occur in the concept of teacher roles within different cultures, societies, including the geographic environment. Thus, in the first part of the paper, based on an analysis of the literature, we identify factors that significantly influence teachers’ perception of their role and consequently, determine their professional identity. In the second part, based on the results of the empirical research, we show that factors such as teachers’ beliefs about their own qualifications, as well as years of work experience and subject area, statistically significantly influenced the development of the teachers’ professional identity. The main findings of the study are that teachers with several years of service experience feel better qualified to perform their duties (tasks related to planning and teaching were rated the most highly) than teachers with less work experience, and that teachers with more work experience evaluated the claims related to their educational activity statistically significantly higher. An important finding is that teachers define their professional identity and consequently, their role through their personality traits, which shows that we must not ignore teachers’ personality traits, as they play an important role in teachers’ professional development and identity.
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The use of teaching aids and their importance for students’ music education
Статья научная
In an effort to ensure a high level of implementation and increase the efficiency of the use of teaching aids in music education, a research was conducted in the academic 2014/2015 with an aim to test whether the educational level of teachers, the number of years of their experience at work, and the particular school in which the teachers are employed influence their selection of teaching aids used in the course in music education. The aim of the study was to determine whether the selection and use of teaching aids influences the quality of teaching the course in music education. The attitudes of participants were studied by means of a questionnaire specifically designed for the present research. The total sample comprised 113 primary school class teachers. The study so conducted has determined the current situation in the teaching practice, any significant differences emerging from the connection between the use of teaching aids in the course in music education and a number of general variables, including any prior elementary musical education of the teachers themselves.
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Thinking styles and computer engineering training: an empirical study
Статья научная
This study shows the qualitative construction of a Referential Cognitive Graduate Profile (RCGP) for the Computer Engineering program of the University of Bernardo O’Higgins (UBO) in Chile, based on the theory of Mental Self-Governance and by using three data-gathering methods: document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires, reflecting the professional competencies expected by the end of the training, set forth by both the institution and program management. The proposed model allows to contrast the different thinking styles (TSs) found with the ones preferred by students in different levels of formation independently. With this purpose in mind, by using a quantitative methodology, 88% of male students in the program completed the questionnaires to determine these preferences, enabling us to perform a correspondence analysis through Fisher’s exact test. The RCGP results show evident preference for the legislative, executive, hierarchical, and external styles of thinking and clear differences between the preferences of students and of the RCGP. Finally, we discuss about various ways to create new means to strengthen and upgrade both the program’s graduate profile and the RCGP with the purpose of benefitting the formation of Computer Engineers and the future of the RCGP model.
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Time load upon students in primary education
Статья научная
Time load upon students is a central issue in the context of the overall load placed upon students. Most authors dealing with the issue of load upon students mainly approach this issue from the aspect of the time the students need to respond to the requirements posed by the school and otherwise concerning school. Such load is called time load. In our research, we investigated exactly this kind of time load placed upon students in the nine-year primary education in Macedonia. The main goal of our research was getting insight what is the students’ time load like and how big it is.
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Time perception and time management during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Статья научная
Our perception of time changes with age, but it also depends on our emotional state and physical conditions. It is not necessarily mental disorders that distort human's time perception, but threatening or dangerous situations, induced fear or sadness trigger psychological defensive mechanism that speeds up or slows down the rate of the internal clock. Fear distorted time is caused by higher (slower) pulse rate, increased (decreased) blood pressure and muscular contraction. The given research is aimed at improving our understanding of the mechanism that controls this sense, opening the way for new forms of time management. Our perception of time is dependent on our emotional state, temporal distortion caused by emotion is not the result of a malfunction in the internal biological clock, but, on the contrary, an illustration of its remarkable ability to adapt to events around us. Development of time sensitivity is very important for timing, time perception, time-management and procrastination problem solution.
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Time perspective as predictor of meaning in life
Отчет
The purpose of this study was to determine whether meaning in life among Macedonian students can be predicted based on their dominant orientation toward past, present or future. Participants in the study were 252 students aged 18 to 27 years. Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used for measuring five factors of time perspective, while two dimensions of meaning in life were measured with Meaning in Life Questionnaire. The results showed that students with sentimental attitude toward past (Past Positive), with the absence of traumatic past experiences (Past Negative), hedonistic orientation (Present Hedonistic) and direction to future goals and achievements (Future), report presence of meaning in life. On the other hand, students who search for meaning in life are those who have a sentimental relationship with the past and future orientation, as well as unpleasant memories of the past and the present fatalistic view determined by external factors (Present Fatalistic). Hence, significant predictors of Presence of Meaning in Life appeared to be orientation toward past positive, hedonistic present and the future, as well as avoidance of the negative past reminiscences, explaining 11.6% of the variance. The Search for Meaning in Life can be predicted from Past Positive, Past Negative and Future, thus explaining 12.9% of the variance. The findings confirmed the relevance of temporal perspective on the meaning in life in Macedonian students. Investigation revealed that most contributing sources of meaning in life among adolescents are relationships with family, partners and friends.
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Towards defining media socialization as a basis for digital society
Статья научная
The present article analyzes media socialization as one of the key factors for the formation of a digital society, involving the participation of individuals and communities. The objectives of the article are: to justify the impact of family educational institutions and community environments as contributing to the development of digital skills, attitudes and media literacy. The analysis is based on three rounds of European Social Survey (ESS) - national representative surveys carried out in 2006, 2009, 2012/2013, and 2012/2013 that analyzes the participation of the Bulgarian population in the social and political life of the country. In addition, the results of empirical studies conducted at the South-West University “N.Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria for the period 2003-2017 are presented. The main conclusion of the article is that media socialization, based on media ecology information is important, because people acquire a clearer perspective as to how to evaluate a situation and to the increased opportunities for personal realization and development.
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Towards emotion recognition in texts - a sound-symbolic experiment
Статья научная
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the phonetic content of prose texts in English and the emotion that the texts inspire, namely - the effect of vowel-consonant bi-phones on subjects’ evaluation of positive or negative emotional valence when reading. The methodology is based on data from an experiment where the participants, native speakers of three different languages, evaluated the valence invoked in them by one-page texts from English books. The sub-lexical level of the texts was obtained using phonetic transcriptions of the words and their further decomposition into vowel-consonant bi-phones. The statistical investigation relies on density-measures of the investigated bi-phones over each text as a whole. The result shows that there exists a correlation between the obtained sub-lexical representation and the valence perceived by the readers. Concerning the type of the consonants in the bi-phones (abrupt or sonorant), the influence of the abrupt bi-phones is stronger. However, sub-sets of both types of bi-phones showed relatedness with the emotional valence conveyed by the texts. In conclusion, the speech, expressed in written form, is laden with emotional valence even when the words’ lexicological meaning is not taken into consideration and the words are apprehended as mere phonetic constructs. This prompts hypothesizing that words’ semantics itself is partly underpinned by some mental emotion-related level of conceptualization, influenced by sounds. For practical purposes, the result suggests that based on the syllabic content of a text it should be possible to predict the valence that the text would inspire in its readers.
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Статья научная
Even though research on predicting the academic achievement of IT students is not scarce, the inclusion of trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences as predictive factors is somewhat novel. The research examined associations between identified profiles of trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences, and academic success in the sample of 288 IT students, 208 from Serbia and 80 from Greece. The results show that trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences profile both proved to be important predictors of academic success. Another predictor of IT students’ academic success was related to their prior schooling success. The results indicate that fostering a student-centered learning model through tertiary education, with special emphasis on students’ personal dispositions and traits, could be crucial for their academic success, especially in the multidisciplinary field of information technology.
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Transfer of musical abilities and possible reflections of teaching content
Статья научная
The paper aims to indicate the direct link between the development of knowledge, skills and music abilities in the pedagogical practice which encourages concrete cognitive, psychomotor and affective processes that lie in basis of the transfer of learning. We analyzed the attitudes of the students of the Department of Music Art from the Faculty of Arts in Niš according to musical skills acquired in solfeggio teaching, in the context of their impact on the instrumental performance. Assuming that advancement of musical skills acquired in solfeggio teaching directly affects the field of instrumental performance and leads to the development of music potential, or development of musical abilities, at the level of sensory abilities, as well as at the level of understanding musical structures, the research, which established the student attitudes to evaluating different components of instrumental performance; correlation of solfeggio and instrumental teaching; importance of work on some elements in the solfeggio teaching and evaluating expressive elements in relation to the technical skills in the solfeggio teaching, was conducted. The results of conducted research confirmed basic hypothesis that students express high awareness of the narrow connectivity of solfeggio and instrumental teaching, equally evaluating work in all areas of solfeggio teaching. Simultaneously, they indicate the importance of educational experience in shaping the standpoints of students who showed positive attitudes about a possible reflection of the solfeggio teaching content and skills that are acquired in it, as well as there’s a high degree of the use of skill acquired in solfeggio teaching in instrumental performance.
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Отчет
This paper includes an experiment that was performed on a hundred patients by using our self-developed methods during a two year period. The treatment of discus hernia was carried out by using our self-developed methods combined with a completely new technology, as well as clinical biomechanics, chiropractics, massotherapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy and various other specific exercises practiced in esthetic and orthopedic kinesiology - kinesitherapy. 50 females and 50 males aged 35 to 55 underwent our therapy and the results we obtained display very high curative effects.
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Trust as a cognitive base of social cohesion in the university communities
Статья научная
The present article continues the cycle of the cognitive researches of the phenomenon of social cohesion in education, in particular, in the university communities. It contains the cognitive research of trust and its foundation as the central focus of social cohesion. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of trust which is connected with the social cohesion in university communities, to test the author’s questionnaire and to determinate the further steps for the trust enhancement in the educational community. Methods that were used in the study are the author’s questionnaire, math analytics etc. There were 196 people interviewed in both universities, among them 31 employees and 85 students of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and 33 employees and 47 students of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. According to the research results, the level of trust in each university community (as well as in common) was average, excluding some indicators. Although there were some differences between levels of trust of employees of these universities. We can assume that the quite sufficient average level or trust positively characterizes the attitude of employees and students to each other, reflects their readiness for mutual respect and support, acceptance of differences and tolerance etc. Also, the research highlights weak points of social interactions that form the base for further investigations and actions on the social cohesion development.
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Статья научная
The scientific and psychological validity of the a priori attitude of practicing psychologists and parents in solving the urgent problem of adolescent distrust has been verified that the trusting attitude of adolescents towards parents exists only in the form of opposition; trust or distrust based on a previously developed model for studying ambivalent trust. The aim of the research was to study the features of the classified ratios of trust/distrust to a mother in adolescents from single-parent families and the role of order in the structure of predictors of trust in a mother in these ratios. The study involved adolescent boys and girls, in the number of 177 people aged 15 years, raised in families where the only parent living with a teenager is the mother. The following methods were used: content analysis based on expert assessments; subjective scaling according to specified parameters; statistical technology for developing the construct classification of the trust/distrust ratio; approximation by hyperbolic rank parametric distribution; nonparametric statistics. It was found that 1) only 19% of the respondents have “absolute trust” and “absolute distrust”, and the rest have different variants of ambivalent trust (p<0.01). 2) significant predictors of adolescents trust in the mother are: a) “trust in me”; b) honesty; c) reliability; d) fairness; e) commitment to fulfilling promises; f) an unappreciative attitude. 3) the average value of the β coefficient is higher in the “positive” variant of ambivalent trust, when adolescents from single-parent families have both trust and distrust of their mother, but trust significantly prevails over distrust.
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Understanding Student Attitudes toward GenAI Tools: A Comparative Study of Serbia and Austria
Статья научная
This study explores university students’ attitudes toward generative AI technology and tools in two European countries. Driven by the increasing integration of AI in education and the limited research on student perceptions, particularly in European contexts, this study aimed to understand how students view GenAI and its implications for higher education. The study employed a quantitative approach, using surveys to collect data on student attitudes toward AI across different fields of study, genders, and countries. A key innovation of this research is the development of a novel “Attitude toward AI” scale, designed to provide a robust and theoretically grounded instrument for measuring student perceptions of GenAI. The scale offers a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of AI integration in education. The results showed that students’ attitudes toward AI differed significantly based on their field of study and gender. Male students in technical sciences had the most positive attitudes toward AI adoption, indicating their potential to drive positive changes in AI implementation. While the effect size was small, this finding underscores the importance of considering individual factors when designing interventions to promote AI acceptance. The study underscored how prior experience shapes positive attitudes, highlighting the need for resources to familiarize students with GenAI and its ethics. The “Attitude toward AI” scale is a significant contribution addressing the lack of reliable instruments for assessing student perceptions of GenAI, enabling deeper understanding of factors influencing students’ adoption, informing targeted interventions for different student groups. Further research is needed on GenAI’s long-term impact.
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Статья научная
In the contemporary digital era, social media platforms have a big influence on students’ lives. They use these platforms for self-expression, opinion sharing, and experience reporting (writing or sharing videos or photos about personal experiences) in addition to social interaction. Education professionals and academics may get valuable insights into students’ thoughts, sentiments, interests, academic success, and even personalities by studying their writing on social media. We can improve our teaching, enhance students’ social and emotional development, and create a more engaging learning environment if we have a better knowledge of the student. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether or not students interact with classmates and other participants in learning platforms in a way that accurately represents their personalities. Data from a sample of students at Abdelmalek Essaadi University of Tetouan were collected from various social media learning environments for the experimental investigation presented in this work, and Symanto AI-based personality tool was used to assess the data. The Big Five Questionnaire was then utilized to assess the personalities of the same students, and the findings were compared to the personality traits discovered by the AI-based approach. The study has shown that the AI based tool has correctly predicted the personality traits of 7 students out of 10 with a correlation of about 0,9 which means that social media-based learning environments can be used by institutions to understand the personality of the student. This paper also gives recommendations about data for obtaining good quality in personality prediction.
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