Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
The role of the teacher in interactive teaching
Статья научная
Considering the role of the teacher and their relation to pupils during the instructional process as well as the organisation of activities by the teacher, this paper actualises the current views related to the role the teacher has in interactive teaching. The teacher is the basic instigator of interaction with his/her pupils and he/she can be such an instigator only with well organised teaching. Interactive teaching, a promising approach, represents a challenge not only for the teachers but for the professional service as well. The traditional teaching, dominated by a verbal approach and memorising of the teaching material, is entirely replaced with other activities, both in the process of following the teaching and in the process of learning the material. The purpose of this paper is to explore the level of application of interactive teaching in the educational process, since practicing of interactive teaching by the teachers, during this paper represents only a part of authentic results from the two combined researches, one part of results obtained via survey sheets given to the teachers of nine schools and a part of the results from interviews taken with the professional service as a focus group.
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The teacher’s role and professional development
Статья научная
The text addresses the theme of teachers’ professional development. The role of a teacher is defined by cultural and social events and the environment, and they influence the differences that occur in the concept of teacher roles within different cultures, societies, including the geographic environment. Thus, in the first part of the paper, based on an analysis of the literature, we identify factors that significantly influence teachers’ perception of their role and consequently, determine their professional identity. In the second part, based on the results of the empirical research, we show that factors such as teachers’ beliefs about their own qualifications, as well as years of work experience and subject area, statistically significantly influenced the development of the teachers’ professional identity. The main findings of the study are that teachers with several years of service experience feel better qualified to perform their duties (tasks related to planning and teaching were rated the most highly) than teachers with less work experience, and that teachers with more work experience evaluated the claims related to their educational activity statistically significantly higher. An important finding is that teachers define their professional identity and consequently, their role through their personality traits, which shows that we must not ignore teachers’ personality traits, as they play an important role in teachers’ professional development and identity.
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The use of teaching aids and their importance for students’ music education
Статья научная
In an effort to ensure a high level of implementation and increase the efficiency of the use of teaching aids in music education, a research was conducted in the academic 2014/2015 with an aim to test whether the educational level of teachers, the number of years of their experience at work, and the particular school in which the teachers are employed influence their selection of teaching aids used in the course in music education. The aim of the study was to determine whether the selection and use of teaching aids influences the quality of teaching the course in music education. The attitudes of participants were studied by means of a questionnaire specifically designed for the present research. The total sample comprised 113 primary school class teachers. The study so conducted has determined the current situation in the teaching practice, any significant differences emerging from the connection between the use of teaching aids in the course in music education and a number of general variables, including any prior elementary musical education of the teachers themselves.
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Thinking styles and computer engineering training: an empirical study
Статья научная
This study shows the qualitative construction of a Referential Cognitive Graduate Profile (RCGP) for the Computer Engineering program of the University of Bernardo O’Higgins (UBO) in Chile, based on the theory of Mental Self-Governance and by using three data-gathering methods: document analysis, interviews, and questionnaires, reflecting the professional competencies expected by the end of the training, set forth by both the institution and program management. The proposed model allows to contrast the different thinking styles (TSs) found with the ones preferred by students in different levels of formation independently. With this purpose in mind, by using a quantitative methodology, 88% of male students in the program completed the questionnaires to determine these preferences, enabling us to perform a correspondence analysis through Fisher’s exact test. The RCGP results show evident preference for the legislative, executive, hierarchical, and external styles of thinking and clear differences between the preferences of students and of the RCGP. Finally, we discuss about various ways to create new means to strengthen and upgrade both the program’s graduate profile and the RCGP with the purpose of benefitting the formation of Computer Engineers and the future of the RCGP model.
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Time load upon students in primary education
Статья научная
Time load upon students is a central issue in the context of the overall load placed upon students. Most authors dealing with the issue of load upon students mainly approach this issue from the aspect of the time the students need to respond to the requirements posed by the school and otherwise concerning school. Such load is called time load. In our research, we investigated exactly this kind of time load placed upon students in the nine-year primary education in Macedonia. The main goal of our research was getting insight what is the students’ time load like and how big it is.
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Time perception and time management during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Статья научная
Our perception of time changes with age, but it also depends on our emotional state and physical conditions. It is not necessarily mental disorders that distort human's time perception, but threatening or dangerous situations, induced fear or sadness trigger psychological defensive mechanism that speeds up or slows down the rate of the internal clock. Fear distorted time is caused by higher (slower) pulse rate, increased (decreased) blood pressure and muscular contraction. The given research is aimed at improving our understanding of the mechanism that controls this sense, opening the way for new forms of time management. Our perception of time is dependent on our emotional state, temporal distortion caused by emotion is not the result of a malfunction in the internal biological clock, but, on the contrary, an illustration of its remarkable ability to adapt to events around us. Development of time sensitivity is very important for timing, time perception, time-management and procrastination problem solution.
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Time perspective as predictor of meaning in life
Отчет
The purpose of this study was to determine whether meaning in life among Macedonian students can be predicted based on their dominant orientation toward past, present or future. Participants in the study were 252 students aged 18 to 27 years. Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used for measuring five factors of time perspective, while two dimensions of meaning in life were measured with Meaning in Life Questionnaire. The results showed that students with sentimental attitude toward past (Past Positive), with the absence of traumatic past experiences (Past Negative), hedonistic orientation (Present Hedonistic) and direction to future goals and achievements (Future), report presence of meaning in life. On the other hand, students who search for meaning in life are those who have a sentimental relationship with the past and future orientation, as well as unpleasant memories of the past and the present fatalistic view determined by external factors (Present Fatalistic). Hence, significant predictors of Presence of Meaning in Life appeared to be orientation toward past positive, hedonistic present and the future, as well as avoidance of the negative past reminiscences, explaining 11.6% of the variance. The Search for Meaning in Life can be predicted from Past Positive, Past Negative and Future, thus explaining 12.9% of the variance. The findings confirmed the relevance of temporal perspective on the meaning in life in Macedonian students. Investigation revealed that most contributing sources of meaning in life among adolescents are relationships with family, partners and friends.
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Towards defining media socialization as a basis for digital society
Статья научная
The present article analyzes media socialization as one of the key factors for the formation of a digital society, involving the participation of individuals and communities. The objectives of the article are: to justify the impact of family educational institutions and community environments as contributing to the development of digital skills, attitudes and media literacy. The analysis is based on three rounds of European Social Survey (ESS) - national representative surveys carried out in 2006, 2009, 2012/2013, and 2012/2013 that analyzes the participation of the Bulgarian population in the social and political life of the country. In addition, the results of empirical studies conducted at the South-West University “N.Rilski”, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria for the period 2003-2017 are presented. The main conclusion of the article is that media socialization, based on media ecology information is important, because people acquire a clearer perspective as to how to evaluate a situation and to the increased opportunities for personal realization and development.
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Towards emotion recognition in texts - a sound-symbolic experiment
Статья научная
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the phonetic content of prose texts in English and the emotion that the texts inspire, namely - the effect of vowel-consonant bi-phones on subjects’ evaluation of positive or negative emotional valence when reading. The methodology is based on data from an experiment where the participants, native speakers of three different languages, evaluated the valence invoked in them by one-page texts from English books. The sub-lexical level of the texts was obtained using phonetic transcriptions of the words and their further decomposition into vowel-consonant bi-phones. The statistical investigation relies on density-measures of the investigated bi-phones over each text as a whole. The result shows that there exists a correlation between the obtained sub-lexical representation and the valence perceived by the readers. Concerning the type of the consonants in the bi-phones (abrupt or sonorant), the influence of the abrupt bi-phones is stronger. However, sub-sets of both types of bi-phones showed relatedness with the emotional valence conveyed by the texts. In conclusion, the speech, expressed in written form, is laden with emotional valence even when the words’ lexicological meaning is not taken into consideration and the words are apprehended as mere phonetic constructs. This prompts hypothesizing that words’ semantics itself is partly underpinned by some mental emotion-related level of conceptualization, influenced by sounds. For practical purposes, the result suggests that based on the syllabic content of a text it should be possible to predict the valence that the text would inspire in its readers.
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Статья научная
Even though research on predicting the academic achievement of IT students is not scarce, the inclusion of trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences as predictive factors is somewhat novel. The research examined associations between identified profiles of trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences, and academic success in the sample of 288 IT students, 208 from Serbia and 80 from Greece. The results show that trait emotional intelligence and multiple intelligences profile both proved to be important predictors of academic success. Another predictor of IT students’ academic success was related to their prior schooling success. The results indicate that fostering a student-centered learning model through tertiary education, with special emphasis on students’ personal dispositions and traits, could be crucial for their academic success, especially in the multidisciplinary field of information technology.
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Transfer of musical abilities and possible reflections of teaching content
Статья научная
The paper aims to indicate the direct link between the development of knowledge, skills and music abilities in the pedagogical practice which encourages concrete cognitive, psychomotor and affective processes that lie in basis of the transfer of learning. We analyzed the attitudes of the students of the Department of Music Art from the Faculty of Arts in Niš according to musical skills acquired in solfeggio teaching, in the context of their impact on the instrumental performance. Assuming that advancement of musical skills acquired in solfeggio teaching directly affects the field of instrumental performance and leads to the development of music potential, or development of musical abilities, at the level of sensory abilities, as well as at the level of understanding musical structures, the research, which established the student attitudes to evaluating different components of instrumental performance; correlation of solfeggio and instrumental teaching; importance of work on some elements in the solfeggio teaching and evaluating expressive elements in relation to the technical skills in the solfeggio teaching, was conducted. The results of conducted research confirmed basic hypothesis that students express high awareness of the narrow connectivity of solfeggio and instrumental teaching, equally evaluating work in all areas of solfeggio teaching. Simultaneously, they indicate the importance of educational experience in shaping the standpoints of students who showed positive attitudes about a possible reflection of the solfeggio teaching content and skills that are acquired in it, as well as there’s a high degree of the use of skill acquired in solfeggio teaching in instrumental performance.
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Отчет
This paper includes an experiment that was performed on a hundred patients by using our self-developed methods during a two year period. The treatment of discus hernia was carried out by using our self-developed methods combined with a completely new technology, as well as clinical biomechanics, chiropractics, massotherapy, thermotherapy, cryotherapy and various other specific exercises practiced in esthetic and orthopedic kinesiology - kinesitherapy. 50 females and 50 males aged 35 to 55 underwent our therapy and the results we obtained display very high curative effects.
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Trust as a cognitive base of social cohesion in the university communities
Статья научная
The present article continues the cycle of the cognitive researches of the phenomenon of social cohesion in education, in particular, in the university communities. It contains the cognitive research of trust and its foundation as the central focus of social cohesion. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of trust which is connected with the social cohesion in university communities, to test the author’s questionnaire and to determinate the further steps for the trust enhancement in the educational community. Methods that were used in the study are the author’s questionnaire, math analytics etc. There were 196 people interviewed in both universities, among them 31 employees and 85 students of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and 33 employees and 47 students of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. According to the research results, the level of trust in each university community (as well as in common) was average, excluding some indicators. Although there were some differences between levels of trust of employees of these universities. We can assume that the quite sufficient average level or trust positively characterizes the attitude of employees and students to each other, reflects their readiness for mutual respect and support, acceptance of differences and tolerance etc. Also, the research highlights weak points of social interactions that form the base for further investigations and actions on the social cohesion development.
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Статья научная
In the contemporary digital era, social media platforms have a big influence on students’ lives. They use these platforms for self-expression, opinion sharing, and experience reporting (writing or sharing videos or photos about personal experiences) in addition to social interaction. Education professionals and academics may get valuable insights into students’ thoughts, sentiments, interests, academic success, and even personalities by studying their writing on social media. We can improve our teaching, enhance students’ social and emotional development, and create a more engaging learning environment if we have a better knowledge of the student. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether or not students interact with classmates and other participants in learning platforms in a way that accurately represents their personalities. Data from a sample of students at Abdelmalek Essaadi University of Tetouan were collected from various social media learning environments for the experimental investigation presented in this work, and Symanto AI-based personality tool was used to assess the data. The Big Five Questionnaire was then utilized to assess the personalities of the same students, and the findings were compared to the personality traits discovered by the AI-based approach. The study has shown that the AI based tool has correctly predicted the personality traits of 7 students out of 10 with a correlation of about 0,9 which means that social media-based learning environments can be used by institutions to understand the personality of the student. This paper also gives recommendations about data for obtaining good quality in personality prediction.
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Using social media network by special education teachers
Статья научная
This study aimed at identifying the use of the social media network (Facebook) and its relationship to psychological compatibility of special education teachers by answering four questions that include all the variables of the current study. The study used the descriptive approach and developed a scale to reveal the relationship of Facebook use and psychological compatibility. The psychological scale was applied to a random sample of special education teachers (n=520), who constitute 18% from the study population in Aseer region. The results of the study showed that the period that special education teachers spend using Facebook that received the highest frequency was less than two hours per day. The results revealed that the level of psychological compatibility among special education teachers, who use Facebook was high. There was a negative relationship between the period that special education teachers spend using Facebook and the level of psychological compatibility. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to the effect of gender on the period of use of Facebook among special education teachers.
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Статья научная
The business culture in the educational system remains conservative, despite the fact that the values of tolerance are wide-spread in the world. This affects the transformation of ideas about the profession of teachers. The article establishes the relationship of ideas about the profession and satisfaction with the profession with the values and meanings of university teachers. It is assumed that in modern conditions of higher education, values and life meanings may differ among teachers with different ideas about the profession. The study sample consists of 270 university teachers aged between 25 and 65 years, work experience from 3 to 25 years, 150 women and 120 men. We used the questionnaire of professional satisfaction (Kissel), the method of measuring values (Schwartz), the semantic differential (Osgood), and the method of identifying life meanings (Kotlyakov). We defined groups of teachers with a neutral view and a positive view of the profession, with varying degrees of satisfaction with the profession. As a result, it was found out that the group of teachers with a neutral attitude to their profession has the most manifested values: conformity, hedonism, security, and meanings: hedonistic, status, and family. The group of teachers with a positive view of the profession, has the values of independence, achievement and security, combined with the meanings: altruistic, self-realization, family and cognitive. It is concluded that university teachers with positive ideas about the profession are more altruistic about their activities, and teachers with neutral ideas about the profession are pragmatic about it.
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Value-semantic scope of personal space of university students
Статья научная
The analysis of theoretical and empirical works on psychology of the personality and axiological sphere of students' activity of the university has been carried out in this article. During the empirical research of formation of the axiological sphere of students of the second - fourth courses of Pedagogical Institution of the South Federal University they have got the definite results. These results helped to find out not only dynamics of these processes, but also the development of personal space components. The analysis of this problem revealed that a person values have the basic impact on all components of a personal space of the subject. The personal space of a man is at all stages of ontogenetic development. During a person's studentship it is the most noticeable. They have also found some connections between the students' values and their personal space formation and development.
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Verbal-performance activities for optimizing foreign language education
Статья научная
The modern world, characterized by dynamic changes, rapid development of ICT and globalization processes sets new challenges to present-day education. This research aims at investigating the influence of applying verbal-performance activities in foreign language education. A pedagogical experiment was conducted in authentic environment with the participation of 99 pupils aged 10 to 11 who formed an experimental and a control group. The study combined qualitative and quantitative approach. It measured pupils’ entry and exit levels of practical English knowledge and communicative skills and also traced the effect of the experimental education on the pupils from the experimental group. The interpretative analyses of the results revealed that applying verbal-performance activities in foreign language education led to higher achievements in terms of knowledge and communicative competence for the pupils from the experimental group compared to the progress of the children from the control group. A measurement of the attitude of the pupils from the experimental group towards applying verbal-performance activities in the educational process proved the potential of the method to increase children’s motivation for learning. The findings of this research confirm the need of further studies on the influence of applying verbal-performance activities in a broader context of school education.
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Violence against teachers- rule or exception?
Статья научная
The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of violence against teachers by students. The study included 175 teachers, five primary and five secondary schools. The age of respondents (teachers) ranges from 20 to 65, with average age being 44,33 years. The used instrument has assessed violence against teachers and has consisted of data about the characteristics of respondents, frequency and type of violence experienced from students. The results suggest that violence against teachers in primary and secondary schools in Zagreb taken in to sample is very much present. Since 74,3% teachers has experienced violence from their students during the year that kind of behavior is more of a rule than an exception. Students in primary and secondary schools show violent behavior against their teachers at an equal level. Male teachers, as opposed to female teachers, are more frequently victims of violent behavior (posting inappropriate content online) from their students. Also, there is a statistically significant correlation (negative) between age (years of service in school) and frequency of experienced violence from students.
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Virtual Reality as Anxiety Management Tool
Статья научная
Virtual Reality technologies have been established as an effective tool for the treatment of a variety of mental health disorders. Despite those positive results, it remains unclear whether these findings can generalize to the healthy population. In the current study, we assessed to what degree a virtual scenario consisting of a tropical beach can be successfully applied for the reduction of state anxiety and negative mood in healthy individuals. The study was performed on 50 volunteers aged 18 to 45 that were individually exposed to virtual reality. Before and after the virtual reality session, the emotional state of the participants was measured through questionnaires. Using linear mixed effect models, we obtained evidence for the effectivity of a single virtual reality session for negative state reduction, namely, we observed a decrease in state anxiety and negative mood. Additionally, a positive mood of participants increased after the session, however, no statistical evidence was obtained. The results confirm our hypothesis that state anxiety and negative mood can be decreased using a low-cost virtual reality device. Based on our findings, we suggest that virtual scenarios can improve the emotional well-being and the quality of life of the general population.
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