Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Статья научная
The rapid scientific and technological development imposes numerous changes in all spheres of life and work. In such circumstances, a computer has become a part of all aspects of life: economy, education, free time, family. Since children in contemporary society increasingly acquire knowledge before the school age, the question is how to prepare them for the world in which we live, bearing in mind how significantly different it is from the world in which the previous generations grew up. The research was aimed at examining the attitudes of preschool teachers about the importance of computers in the realization of educational activities in preschool institutions. The study included 54 teachers from Kosovo and Metohija: Kosovska Mitrovica, Donja Gušterica and Ropotovo. The research results indicate that digital technology is a very important and a useful didactic tool in the realization of educational activities in preschool institutions and that preschool teachers have the required competence to implement the technology. However, they are not satisfied with the quality of their ICT education and training during their studies; they also feel that their institutions do not provide adequate working conditions for the use of computers in the realization of educational tasks.
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In an effort to look into the importance and structure of the program through a simultaneous analysis of the achievement outcomes for the Music course in three countries - Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia, the authors have performed a detailed analysis of a number of documents covering the topic in these countries. A comparative analysis of the contents of these documents has provided us with the opportunity to assess the speed at which the educational systems in the three countries are being reformed, the differences in the approach to individual areas, but also the need to provide joint theoretical efforts whose goal would be to foster what is the common denominator for us all - a promoted process of teaching music which would provide a simultaneous development of students’ artistic identity.
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Improve teaching capacity at private universities in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam according to Aun-Qa
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The purpose of this study was to develop an approach to assessing the potential of teachers for the possibility of introducing quality standards of the educational process according to AUN-QA in the higher education system of Vietnam. A survey of teachers and managers of 6 private universities in Ho Chi Minh City was carried out, aimed at assessing the quality of university teachers and their potential to AUN-QA standards. The number of respondents was 172 teachers and 42 managers of the studied universities. Evaluation of the survey responses was made on a 4-point Likert scale. Using the SPSS 22.0 software package, statistical processing of the results of the questionnaire survey of teachers was carried out. By means of questionnaires, an assessment of the need (urgency) and the possibility of implementing measures aimed at increasing the teaching potential was carried out. A pedagogical experiment was carried out, which involved the passage of training for teachers in order to increase the pedagogical potential: the development of the theoretical base and practical skills in the application of teaching methods, such as Teaching simulation, Teaching case studies, Learning project, Teaching by situation, Lecture, Problem solving, Teaching in groups, Practical methods, experiments, Training method, review. The experiment involved 61 teachers from Van Lang University. According to the results of the experiment, a statistically significant increase in the level of methodological knowledge of teachers and skills for their implementation was revealed. The results obtained are of practical importance and can serve as a basis for solving numerous problems of higher education in the country. They can also be used to improve the quality of educational services, the effectiveness of reforms in the education system of Vietnam.
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Статья научная
The evaluation of the educational system is performed through the prism of the relationship between the individual person and society, taking into account social and economic, political, cultural, socio-economic, family tendencies and directions of development. Therefore, the analysis of the influence of social, economic, welfare, psychological and school factors is necessary in order to identify the positive, but also the negative influences of the factors and thus prevents the poor academic results of the deaf and hard of hearing students. The research problem is aimed at a wider understanding of the factors of academic achievement or failure of the deaf and hard of hearing students in order to improve the quality of their education and upbringing of deaf and hard of hearing students in schools for the deaf and hard of hearing, but also in the field of inclusive education. This paper presents a part of the research results related to the correlation between the indicators of the wider social context and the academic performance of the deaf and hard hearing students. The sample consisted of 59 respondents attending schools for the deaf and hard of hearing students in the Republic of Serbia. For this research, the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis was used in the study of the relevant literature and the determination of theoretical facts important for the research problem, and the survey and content analysis were used as the research techniques. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in academic achievement in relation to the type of environment in which the students are living, or in relation to the presence of the cultural institutions in the environment. There is a difference in the academic achievements of the deaf and hard of hearing students in whose environment there are or there are no active organizations for the deaf and hard of hearing, which represents important data in order to create strategies to support the deaf and hard of hearing students.
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Influence of programmed exercise on the motor abilities of preschool children
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The research was conducted on a sample of 36 examinees consisting of male children of preschool institutions in Niš, aged five and six ± 6 months. The main objective of the research was to determine the adaptive processes influenced by programmed exercise on the development of motor skills of preschool children. The aim was to provide the conditions for the establishment of rational procedures for optimal planning, programming and control of the motor exercise of preschool children. The assessment of the examinees was measured by motor tests based on the experience with adult counterparts and modified for young children. The study examined four motor dimensions: agility (running with direction shift), repetitive strength (lateral hops over the rope), flexibility (bend on the bench) and explosive strength (standing long jump). The data obtained by these tests, using the method of multivariate and univariate analysis of variance, showed that at the end of the programmed exercise, there has been a statistically significant increase in motor abilities in the final measurement as compared to the initial.
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Informational behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic: psychological predictors
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The core problem of the COVID-19 pandemic for psychologists is to find out how people cope with the stress of isolation and the threat of fatal disease. The scale of the pandemical impact on the psychological well-being of an individual has still no knowledge and psychological predictors which the impact depends on need to be identified. This paper presents an empirical study of informational behavior and its psychological predictors in the pandemic. The research was held online in April-May 2020. The total amount of 165 participants, aged from 18 to 66. The subjects were chosen from a randomly selected sample. The participants were asked to estimate their informational consumption in pandemic. Tolerance to ambiguity, hardiness and anxiety was studied in groups distinguished according to changes in informational consumption. The findings of this study indicate a significant correlation between informational behavior and psychological characteristics related to coping with stress. Besides the analysis proved a negative correlation between reactive and personal anxiety and tolerance to ambiguity, hardiness and its components. We have confirmed that increased informational comsumption can be considered as a coping strategy for overcoming the pandemic social isolation among respondents with low hardiness and tolerance to ambiguity. Stable and decreased informational consumption indicates that respondents with high hardiness and tolerance to ambiguity and low state and trait anxiety don't need to consume information for coping with difficulties of pandemic self-isolation. Future work will concentrate on expanding the list of psychological predictors of informational behavior and studying the features of their interaction in different situations.
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The paper deals with the research and promotion of inter-faculty cooperation in the field of foreign language teaching. By focusing on educational comic strips as an underutilised language strategy at university level, we have tried to reduce or completely eliminate the tensions and uncertainties that accompany the learning or teaching of a new academic field. The study explores how a particular narrative from geoforensic practice is transformed into adapted educational comic strips. The focus then turns to the application of educational comic strips in language classes, and how six lecturers at two different faculties and their students in the first year of study perceive that application and respond to the challenges of teaching/learning in this way. Two surveys were conducted in order to obtain more precise data on the quality of the comic strips as a teaching/learning activity: the former, a qualitative survey of lecturers, and the latter, a quantitative survey of students. The results of the research indicate that even when the area of exploration such as geoforensics and comic strips is somewhat unknown for both teachers and students, the authenticity of material, the quality of preparation, the conscious and explicit participation of all sides, all potentially lead to new forms of good practice and positive linguistic outcomes.
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Interaction of alternativeness and antonymy and its realization in the English language
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This paper presents the results of research devoted to one of the significant aspects of language categories, namely, their interaction. Alternativeness and antonymy are described in their interaction, the realization of which in the English language is shown through the distributional and contextual analysis. The form and variety of this interaction also reveal the diversity of alternative situations existing in reality.
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Interactive tourism lessons with the utilization of short ecotrails
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Tourism is one of the most accessible and widespread physical activities used for physical and intellectual improvement, promoting health and enhancing the overall working capacity. Any willing individual without serious deviations in their health status can participate, regardless of their physical fitness level. Tourism education is widely practiced in the educational curriculum of physical education and sports as an addition to the main program of study and as modular education. The various forms of tourism include theoretical and practical classes, which can be held not only in nature, but also, in certain cases, in the gym hall or the school’s surrounding area. The physical activities included in tourism influence and complement the physical activities included in the main program of study (track-and-field athletics, sports games and gymnastics) and vice versa.
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Interconnection and interaction of interrogative sentences in the English language
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This paper presents the results of research devoted to one of significant aspects of interrogative sentences. The precise definitions of interconnection and interaction and the application of these terms to the language units helped to distinguish between interconnection and interaction of interrogative sentences in English. The existence of two different kinds of relations in the language, namely paradigmatic and syntagmatic, provided the basis for singling out two corresponding forms of interaction of English interrogative sentences. Contextual and distributional analyses of the material from authentic sources enabled to characterize the range and degree of their paradigmatic and syntagmatic interaction.
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Intercultural education: analysis of the primary school textbooks in the Republic of Macedonia
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The intercultural education is most explicitly accomplished through textbook contents which encourage interaction, exchange, desegregation, interdependency and solidarity among people belonging to different cultural groups living in the same territory. The main goal of the research was to determine the quantity and quality of content that point to intercultural education in the textbooks used in elementary schools in the Republic of Macedonia, where the medium of teaching is in Macedonian. The analysis includes 44 textbooks. The research involved both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the late involved using deductive defining of categories. Nine categories, important for intercultural education were distinguished: identity, cooperation and friendship, respect, tolerance, cultural relativism, stereotype, prejudice, oppression and labeling. The results showed that the highest percent of contents promoting intercultural is found in textbooks for Civic education and History, while the lowest one in Nature and Geography. From the analyzed categories, identity is highly present, followed by cooperation, friendship and respect of the other. Themes regarding the categories such as: stereotype, prejudice, labeling and oppression are least represented and are not even mentioned as negative examples of behaviors which are not to be practiced. As a conclusion, we can say that it is very positive that depreciation and discrimination of other cultures, ethnicities or religious groups are not present. However, there is demand and need to enrichtextbooks and syllabuses with large number of contents concerning above mentioned positive categories, in order to promote one set of values which are essential to build an intercultural society.
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International student exchange management as factor of educational services development
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Since the beginning of XXI century higher education internationalization trend has been intensifying around the world. The goal of the research is to study managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export. Levels of interconnection and interdependence between economic agents around the world are increasing; transnational forms of economic activity, information and communication technologies are developing. The market for higher education is developing intensively as educational services of the highest international level demand is increasing. The research goal is to analyze the main economic tendencies in modern students' exchange programmes. The problems discussed are the need to increase educational services export by promoting it using various student exchange models, study of managing international education characteristics to promote educational services export and its development. For this purpose the methodology consisting of modeling educational policy processes and analyzing the results is used. The results of the study show that higher education takes on international socio-economic features, which are to be seen as an attractive investment target. Modern higher education is developing in the conditions of open access and mutual influence of conditions in different countries, depending on the basis of economic, political and cultural relations. The growing interest in education abroad leads to existing paradigm of educational services management review thus updating this study's topic. In the conclusion we highlight that integrative processes in internationalization of education management can significantly enrich practical application in this sphere. Recommendations in this study can be used to increase educational services export and import.
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Interpersonal relations in school
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As part of the scientific project titled “The Curriculum of Social Competences and Relations in School”, the aim of this paper is to examine the quality of interpersonal relations between teachers and pupils. On a sample of 432 teachers from 20 towns, 35 primary schools in the Republic of Croatia, and 432 pupils, it was confirmed that there is a difference in the appraisal of the quality of their interpersonal relations. Although the overall quality of interpersonal relations between pupils and teachers is at a moderately satisfactory level, pupils still appraise the quality of interpersonal relations lower than their teachers. In view of latent dimensionality, a factor questionnaire structure was used (14 variables; ordinal type) and two main components (subscales) determined: didactic support and interaction, and rough verbal and physical treatment. As part of the differential draft of our research, no gender differences were established (between female and male teachers) in the appraisal of the quality of interpersonal relations with pupils (on two subscales). The correlation analysis confirmed a low negative statistically significant correlation between the years of service and the subscale rough verbal and physical treatment (Rho=-0.101). In view of the subscale of rough verbal and physical treatment between pupils and teachers, such results on a negative correlation imply that older teachers, as opposed to their younger colleagues, use more corporal punishment in schools, treat pupils rudely, use nasty and impolite words, and call pupils insulting names.
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Interpersonal relations in the educational and manufacturing organizations
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Success and efficiency in the working organizations today are based upon good communication and social relations between their employees. The importance of these processes is visible in the use of modern techniques of communicating and the support of team building and team work in organizations. Communication and social climate is a topic that is contemporary and interesting to explore. Therefore, this research is focused on processes of communication and social interaction in the educational and manufacturing working environments. Research data were gathered with survey on a sample of 121 workers from two educational and two manufacturing working organizations. Two types of questionnaires were used: a questionnaire by Richard L. Daft (2001) on the communication issue and so-called WES Work Environment Scale concerning social interaction. Data were analysed with statistical procedures of descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test) for testing of hypotheses. Based upon this analysis came the conclusion that there is a difference in the degree of development of these important personal skills. The results show that the workers in the educational working organizations have a greater ability to communicate and interact compared to those in the manufacturing organizations. This research is meant to be a base for conclusions that came by information gathered in these two kinds of organizations so that the insight could lead further research in other types of organizations.
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Investigating factors influencing students’ learning in a team teaching setting
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Team teaching factors, including mission clarity, affiliation, innovativeness, and fairness, are examined to determine how they influence student learning in a team-taught course. The study involved 184 college students enrolled in an Introduction to Computers course delivered in a team-taught format in a large university located in the United States. The collaborative teaching design followed a traditional team teaching approach with an instructor team teaching the same course collaboratively. Students enrolled in the team-taught course filled out an online survey targeted at identifying key factors that influence student-based outcomes (satisfaction and competency) in the course. Results showed that instructor team mission clarity, affiliation, and fairness are significantly related to students’ satisfaction while instructor team mission clarity and fairness are significantly related to students’ competency.
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Many research has been conducted to examine the acceptance factors to use mobile learning (m-learning) for regular students. During the COVID-19 most of the higher education institutions around the world were converted to m-learning especially for regular students, in order to continue supporting the educational stage for these students. This situation, allow researches to tested the use of m-learning for regular students while they are studying in distance learning environment. However, limited researches, especially in developing countries, have been tested the acceptance factors to use m-leaning for distance learning students. In this study the behavioral intention to use mobile learning (m-learning) were examined as well as the m-learning factors that affecting its acceptance amongst the distance learning students were outlined. The study framework was depended on the model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A quantitative approach was used to analyze the data that collected from a random sample of 154 male and female participants from Saudi universities. The results indicated that significant factors influencing distance learning students’ behavioral intention include quality of service, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, gender, educational level, and type of device. The regulations governing distance learning programs and the implementation of mobile learning by Saudi universities under the direction of the Ministry of Higher Education are having a good impact and encouraging widespread use of m-learning.
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Статья научная
This study aims to investigate teachers’ perceptions of strategies they adopt to help their learners develop their critical thinking skills and how coherent their classroom practices are with their perceptions. The study was conducted with teachers in secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. Primary data in the form of questionnaire results, classroom observation notes and interviews was gathered to attain this goal. A total of three all-male schools participated in the study with 82 teachers completing the questionnaire, and 12 teachers (four from each school) being interviewed and observed during their classroom work. The findings suggest that positing open-ended questions to the class, focusing on performance tasks, and comparing and contrasting different perspectives were the most beneficial teaching strategies to foster students’ critical thinking skills. The findings also highlight that these capabilities are affected not only by the teaching practices, but also by other factors related to the broader academic environment, such as school resources. The results of the present study may help secondary teachers to select and implement teaching strategies and consider factors that may lead to an improvement in students’ critical thinking skills. While this study focuses exclusively on teachers working in the secondary schools in Saudi Arabia, some of the findings can be potentially transferable to other similar educational contexts.
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Investigation of prospective teachers’ use of mobile technologies in teaching activities
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The purpose of this research is to examine the pre-service teachers’ use of mobile technologies in teaching activities. In this study, the survey method, one of the research methods, was used. The 199 prospective teachers studying at the Faculty of Education, a private university in Northern Cyprus, were included in the workgroup of the research. The 5-point Likert-type scales were used to measure the frequencies of using mobile technologies in instructional activities, motivation, and attitudes towards mobile technologies, competencies in mobile technology use, and its social effects. It was found that social factors had the lowest effect on the use of mobile technologies. Additionally, no gender-based difference was found in the mobile use frequency, motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact of prospective teachers. Moreover, the frequency, motivation, attitudes, competency, and social impact levels of students from the Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies are significantly higher than those departments from Guidance and Psychological Counselling, Special Education, Music Teaching, Elementary School Mathematics Teacher Education, Department of Pre-School Teaching, Classroom Teaching Department, Social Sciences Teacher Education, Turkish Language Teaching. It was concluded that having problems for mobile learning activities that can be used in the scope of mobile learning significantly influences the frequency of use, motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact of the students. Along with this, it was found that the following factors, given in order of importance, are influential on the frequency of the use of mobile technologies by prospective teachers in instructional activities: motivation, attitude, competency, and social impact.
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Imbalances in cortical excitation and inhibition (E-I) have been implicated in both autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and schizophrenia spectrum conditions (SSC). However, most studies investigate these clinical conditions independently, possibly due to the difficulty of obtaining comorbid clinical populations. As such, the current study investigated the relationship between performance in the orientation discrimination task “ODT” as a potential proxy for E-I balance and the autistic (as assessed by Autism Spectrum Quotient “AQ”) and schizotypal personality traits (as assessed by Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief “SPQ-BR”) in the general population. 87 healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. We found that high autistic personality traits are associated with enhanced performance in the oblique condition of ODT. In contrast, high schizotypal personality traits are associated with poor performance in the vertical condition of ODT. Such associations support the suggested disruption of cortical E-I balance in ASC and SSC.
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Is the integrative teaching approach beneficial for learning?
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Environmental protection contents are characterized by a wide range of interdisciplinarity. They are realized separately within the teaching of biology and geography (5th-8th grade) in elementary school in Serbia. Numerous concepts and facts are similar, especially within the content Nature Protection. The application of an integrative teaching approach in the realization of environmental protection contents in elementary schools was investigated. Pedagogical experiment with parallel groups of elementary school students was conducted by applying integrative teaching approach in the experimental (E) and traditional approach in control (C) groups of students. The data were obtained through the pre-test and post-test. Integrative teaching approach has proven to be effective in the realization of the above-mentioned program contents.
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