Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Education in online environment from students’ and teachers’ perspective
Статья научная
The pandemic related to COVID-19 has affected education particularly in terms of the massive shift towards online teaching and study. Students and teachers had to face new challenges they had not met before. The aim of the paper is to research how both, students and teachers perceive the online educational process, to identify advantages and disadvantages of online teaching, as well as to analyze and evaluate the quality of online teaching in comparison with the attendance form of education from both students’ and teachers’ perspective. In order to fulfill this purpose, we carried out two separate questionnaire surveys (among students and teachers at the Faculty of Economic Informatics at the University of Economics in Bratislava). Based on conclusions resulting from our research, we can affirm that both students and teachers prefer the attendance form of education rather than online teaching, students mainly because of need of socialization, personal contact with teachers and classmates, better and faster communication with teachers, and active class discussion. The attendance form of education eliminates technology related problems, such as outages of the Internet, electricity, missing technology equipment, and this form of education is performed on higher quality level in comparison with online education. Among the most frequently limitations of online education mentioned by teachers were anonymity of students, complexity of preparation of study materials, and cheating during exams and tests. There are also some advantages the online education offers, such as time savings, more effective, creative and flexible modern way of teaching, and recording lectures.
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Education process visualization in metacognition development and sustainability
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The article reflects on the role of visualization in education. Modern society is characterized by rapid growth of information that people have to process in order to maintain progress and sustainability in science and development of education. The amount of information is growing so quickly that a person is no longer able to perceive actual data about the outside world and process it using traditional methods. The basis of the “image of the world” contains not only concepts, but the semantic images created with the help of visual thinking. In our study we assume that students are quite limited in their knowledge about cognitive phenomena or in their meta-cognition and do relatively little monitoring of their own memory, comprehension, and other cognitive enterprises. But we also assume that every student is potentially capable of meta-cognition, which is thinking of how better to perform cognitive actions and to be aware of how to learn. Developing meta-cognitive awareness is important because it helps learners become more efficacious and more autonomous. For many of them it can be identified as the most effective way of acquiring knowledge. Visualizing the very process of learning can help see how well it is going. Schema theory offers different ways of using schemas, especially in education. So far, there have been researches on schema as a tool for particular skills such as better comprehension, memorizing and retrieval of the knowledge received. It means students can use schemas to better understand the process of learning and skills acquired.
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Education, technological changes and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Accumulation of knowledge, the role of education and innovations in the stimulation of economic development are important for understanding the endogenous theory of growth. The aim of this paper is to determine the strength and direction of relations between independent variables of education, technological development, innovations, foreign investments and the economic growth of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The relations between variables are assessed by multiple regression analysis for the period 2005 - 2017. GDP per capita (pc), as a measure of general wellbeing and economic development is a dependent variable of the regression model. Education Years Average, Technological readiness and Innovations are explanatory variables, whereas Foreign investments and Macroeconomic environment are control variables. The results indicate statistical significance of variables Education Years Average, Technological readiness and Innovations. The first two variables indicate a positive effect on the economic development, whereas Innovations have a negative effect on the economic development. The control variables are statistically insignificant. Therefore, more investment is recommended in the field of education, science and research. Institutions should be more developed and scientific-research systems should be harmonized with the European Union. It is the only way for B&H to be able to respond to global challenges when it comes to competitiveness, export and the GDP growth. Examples and experiences of this country can be useful for research activities in similar post-transition countries.
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Educational application of artificial intelligence for diagnosing the state of railway tracks
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The aim of the work is to present an innovative solution based on artificial intelligence for examining the condition of railway tracks in real time. The system, based on fuzzy logic and metaheuristics such as Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Bee Behavior Optimization, combines hardware and software to provide reliable data on the technical characteristics of the railway. Installed in rail vehicles, hardware collects this data, while software uses artificial intelligence to improve operational reliability and safety. The aforementioned technology is not only useful for infrastructure diagnostics, but also for urban railways such as trams and metros, ensuring a high level of passenger safety. The introduction of artificial intelligence in the railway sector is a key step towards modernisation, improving efficiency, resource optimization and safety. Although still in its infancy, artificial intelligence already shows great potential in transforming the railway sector towards a more efficient, reliable and sustainable future.
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Educational challenges of Roma minorities: the case of the Republic of North Macedonia
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Linguistic diversity comes in various forms. The most common ways of developing knowledge of more than one language according to some authors are either by learning a second language through participation in some form of bilingual education or being raised in a bilingual environment, such as school or a bilingual family. The phenomenon of development of literacy competencies of minority groups, specifically, the context of Roma people, in the Republic of North Macedonia, whose mother tongue is not even considered a standard language is the main research purpose of this paper. Research conducted in comparative studies on integrated education shows that in the elementary schools with high numbers of Roma students actions are rarely taken to enhance the integration of these minority students, because of 1) the lack of iconography, which is important for the ethnic identity of this minority and 2) low competence level of parents and teachers who are not adequately trained to work with students coming from different linguistic backgrounds or social backgrounds that are characterized by low literacy levels and low learning competences. Participants in this study were from several primary schools in North Macedonia and the responses were categorized according to the major themes that occurred. The findings show how women are excluded from obtaining better education and that multilingual children from deprived economic settings with poorly educated parents struggle and are seriously challenged to obtain proper literacy and education in elementary schools. The study reveals important details about the educational legislation, treatment of Roma people by local and international organizations and provides suggestions for improvement of the current status of the Roma population.
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Статья научная
The research focus of this work raises the issue that refers to the assessment of the effects of the project models for safe schools, which are derived from the National Strategy for Reducing Violence in Schools in R. Macedonia (2012-2015) through promoting a sustainable educational concept for safe secondary schools. This work offers answers, in the form of conclusions to the stated questions, such as: whether, and how much do the project models, which are realized in secondary schools, supported and in a “dialectic” relation with the relevant educational institutions from the governmental and non-governmental sector (Ministry of Education and Science, the municipalities, and non-governmental organizations), achieve the primary goal; what are the benefits from the implementation; and what are the models of sustainability? The goal of the research is to assess the conceptual insights and efficiency of the projects, and their influence on strengthening the educational concept of securing a safe school environment in secondary schools in R. Macedonia. Research of this issue is done with assessment research. Due to the complex and diverse nature of the issue under investigation, primary significance is given to the views and needs of all the relevant factors involved in the process. This benefits the idea that the research is of empirical character. It is also supposed that the conceptual insights of the projects have a positive influence on strengthening the educational concept for securing a safe school environment in secondary schools in R. Macedonia.
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Статья научная
The needs and interests of teachers for the implementation of innovative models in teaching are the key factor that determines raising quality of teaching at the school. In this context, it should be borne in mind that the educational needs of teachers are closely linked to the necessity of lifelong learning, because nowadays the teachers work skills are not enough that they adopted during schooling twenty years ago or more. The paper analyzes the educational needs of teachers in exploring and implementing innovative work models of teaching. The greatest interest of teachers is for introduction and implementing individualized teaching.
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Статья научная
Educational policy for children with intellectual disability in Republic of Macedonia is not always consistent with the practical implications. The subject of this research was to gain an insight into the current condition of the persons with intellectual disabilities in Macedonia, before all an insight into the barriers that they are facing in their attempts to access educational information and services. This was done through conducting a qualitative (desk-top analyses of the national legislations; semi-structured interviews with parents of persons with intellectual disabilities and focus groups with relevant stakeholders) and a quantitative research (quality of life research for the disabled persons). In the research a total number of 213 examinees were included. As in many other cases, and in many other countries, policy and practice are not always coherent. Legislation in the area of education in our country has to be modified and accommodated to the needs of the persons with disabilities and their parents or care-givers. The final conclusion from our research is that the persons with ID are still on the margins of society, and they lead everyday battles to prove that their needs must be taken into consideration in context of their human rights. Although awareness for the importance of the rightful treatment of this problem is not on a satisfactory level, still we can notice a shift in perception and liberation of prejudice.
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Статья научная
This study aims to present educators’ views on the importance of incorporating traditional music during activities with preschool-aged children to develop their socio-emotional competencies. The sample consisted of 88 educators from preschool institutions in the Republic of Serbia. The results showed that most educators frequently use traditional music in their work. Its significance for the development of emotional intelligence, social skills, and cultural awareness in children was particularly emphasized. The analysis showed that educators who regularly incorporate traditional music content report higher levels of socio-emotional competencies in children, highlighting the importance of this practice. Although the educators’ age, work experience, and place of residence did not have a statistically significant impact, regional differences were observed. Educators in different parts of Serbia assessed socio-emotional competencies in a specific way, reflecting the cultural and pedagogical particularities of those regions. The conclusions confirm the importance of integrating traditional music into preschool curricula as a way to develop socio-emotional competencies and children’s cultural identity. The research contributes to the understanding of the role of cultural heritage in the contemporary educational context, providing recommendations for further improvement of pedagogical practices.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the experimental research of efficiency of solving psychodiagnostic tasks by the students-psychologists with different thinking styles. In the theoretical part a style of thinking as a determinant of successfulness is concerned. The hypothesis is the supposition that efficiency and ways of diagnostic tasks made by the students-psychologists are determined by a dominating thinking style. For the examination of the hypothesis the following methods were used: questionnaire “Styles of thinking” by Brams Harrison, the method of experiment (solution of 6 tasks from real consultative practice), content-analysis of protocols and correlation analysis by Ch. Spirman. The research has been done during some years with students of 4 and 5 courses in South-Russian Humanitarian Institute. The results are the following. Students-analysts are rather successful. They demonstrate good diagnostic process, put forward adequate hypothesis and choose adequate methods, but they don't formulate recommendations. For the students-realists it is important to render support to the client and give feedback. The quality analysis showed that they are inclined to individual forms of work. Pragmatics are characterized by chaotic behavior, they don't put forward hypotheses, offer standard methods. Idealists are the worst. They have difficulties in logics and formulating questions to the client. Synthetics on the whole display insufficient success, but they can solve the task correctly due to guessing or hypotheses. Synthetics operate with the methods poorly. Experimental data demonstrate that the thinking style often defines diagnostic search; variety and quality of put forward hypotheses, adequacy of choosing methods of research.
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Статья научная
Students’ ability to master critical thinking skills and creativity is often found in current learning. This research aims to test the effectiveness of the Ethnoecological-Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics based on Project Based Learning (E-STEM PjBL) learning model in improving mastery of science concepts and critical thinking skills as well as the creativity of prospective science teachers. This model is an innovative project-based learning model integrated with Ethnoecology-STEM in the Environmental Physics course with a project on the use of water hyacinth with the following syntax: Learn, Discuss, Perform, Elaborate, Convey, Practice, Evaluate, and Use. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 31 science education students at Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection techniques use test instruments and observation sheets. The instrument was validated empirically by four experts and analyzed using Aiken’s V formula. Data was analyzed using SPSS on concept mastery test data with the Paired-Sample t-test, and critical thinking skills test data with the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The average N-Gain value is obtained for each data point, while the creativity data is the average creativity of two observers. The research results showed a significant and quite effective increase in science concepts mastery, critical thinking skills, and creativity in the good and very good categories. This research concludes that the application of the E-STEM PjBL model is effective in increasing mastery of science concepts, critical thinking skills, and creativity of prospective science teachers.
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Effectiveness of Virtual Co-Teaching: A New Perspective on Teaching
Статья научная
The teaching method of virtual co-teaching helps the mutual sharing of new experiences and methods of pedagogues in teaching in formal education, through digital technologies. It also facilitates the involvement of practitioners in teaching, which can be a key mechanism for ensuring quality education. This article focused on comparing the effectiveness of co-teaching in two environments, face-to-face and virtual. In terms of methodology, an experiment was used, which was implemented in three independently selected schools, from which eight groups of thirty students were formed. The phenomenon measured was the level of understanding of the material taught during these lessons of history, mathematics and a foreign language. The test results of the individual groups were subsequently analyzed. From the results, we can confirm the null hypothesis based on the independent samples t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, which indicates that there is no statistically significant difference between the test results of the two groups. However, it is essential to emphasize the added value in virtual co-teaching, which is primarily in the economic aspect and flexibility. Specifically, it is a reduction in the cost of commuting, reduced time and easy availability of experts. These results form the basis for follow-up research that can focus on improving the quality of teaching using this method.
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Статья научная
The main purpose of this research is to promote language and cultural learning among novice teachers in Kazakhstan through the implementation of technology-oriented learning strategies. To assess the success of this strategy, a primary survey methodology combined with a quantitative research methodology was used. In the process of data collection, I distributed the survey instrument to a sample of 105 individuals, including 65 males and 40 females. Next, the gathered data were analyzed by SPSS, the software that was used for descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and ANOVA. This research was designed to identify the complicated connections between the introduction of technology and the language and cultural skills of preservice teachers. The significance of this study for educational practice in Kazakhstan cannot be overestimated. They promote the involvement of technology-based strategies as a source of fostering educational spaces that are more open and culturally relevant.
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Encouraging self-regulated learning in kindergarten
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This paper presents a part of the research carried out among educators in Slovenian kindergartens on the self-regulated learning of children in kindergarten and the role of educators in this process. The aim of the research was to find out how educators self-assess their knowledge of self-regulated learning in relation to their level of education, workplace (educator and assistant educator), and work experience. The research was conducted in June and July 2021 via the 1Ka website for online surveys. The questionnaire was sent by e-mail to the kindergarten directors throughout Slovenia. One-way analysis of variance indicates that there are no significant differences on the scale of knowledge about self-regulation and self-regulated learning in relation to the level of education, F (4, 494) = 0.96, p> 0.05. One-way analysis of variance indicates that there are statistically significant differences on the scale of knowledge about self-regulation and self-regulated learning in relation to work experience, F (3, 495) = 3.20, p = 0.023. LSD post hoc test was applied to examine the differences between individual groups. Educators and assistants with more than 31 years of service (AS = 3.62) have significantly higher results on the scale compared to those with up to 10 years of service (AS = 3, 40). as well as in relation to those with work experience from 11 to 20 years (AS = 3.39). Educators and assistants with more than 31 years of service (AS = 3.62) have significantly higher results on the scale compared to those with up to 10 years of service (AS = 3,40). ) as well as in relation to those with work experience from 11 to 20 years (AS = 3.39).
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Evaluation of anxiety control in school-age sports
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Anxiety is the main manifestation of stress in competitive sport. This study evaluates anxiety control in school-age sport, according to gender, age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. The research follows a descriptive quantitative methodology, using a survey. The sample was composed of 816 young athletes aged between 12 and 18 (411 men and 405 women), who practise different individual and team sports in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). The sample size was calculated taking several aspects into consideration: the population is infinite; the population variance was calculated according to the worst-case scenario where “P” and “Q” are equal with 50% each; and the confidence interval was 95.5%, with a margin of error of ± 3.5%. The questionnaire used was Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD). The results show statistically significant differences in relation to gender, since men have greater anxiety control. No statistically significant differences appear in relation to age, type of sport (individual / team) and sports modality. Likewise, correlations are evident with other relevant psychological dimensions such as motivation, influence of performance evaluation and mental ability, with the exception of team cohesion. Prevention measures should be implemented by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce the levels of anxiety generated in school-age sports.
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The article explores the characteristics of evoked brain activity during food preference decisions, emphasizing the role of psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms. The relevance of studying eating behavior as a multifaceted phenomenon is highlighted, with attention to the cognitive, emotional, and physiological factors that influence food preferences. The study involved 40 participants (70% female). Psychological testing included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Russian version by I.G. Malkina-Pykh, 2007), the Thought and Behavior Questionnaire (adapted by A.V. Anikina and T.A. Rebeko, 2009), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (Russian version, 2018), and the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (translated version of Kliemann, 2016). Neurophysiological data were collected using EEG tasks based on a Go/NoGo paradigm. Mathematical and statistical methods included the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Student’s t-test, and k-means cluster analysis. The study revealed significant differences in brain activity between groups with varying psychological characteristics and levels of nutritional knowledge. These findings align with previous research, confirming the link between cognitive control, impulsivity, and food preferences. Enhanced activation in the temporo-occipital regions was observed in participants with higher nutritional awareness. The role of psychological traits was found to outweigh knowledge levels in shaping dysfunctional eating patterns, highlighting the need for individualized approaches in prevention and treatment. The limitations, including the sample size and absence of participants with clinical eating disorders, are discussed alongside recommendations for future research.
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The academic achievement of students can decrease if they fail to use mathematics study strategies well. This situation may lead to negative opinions and attitudes among students towards mathematics. In this study, it was aimed to examine the mathematics study strategies of students enrolled at secondary schools in terms of academic achievement and multiple variables. Relational survey method, one of the quantitative research methods, was used to obtain the data. The universe of the study consists of a total of 9,072 students in the 6th, 7th and 8th grades of secondary schools under the Secondary Education Office of the Ministry of National Education and Culture of Northern Cyprus during the 2019-2020 academic year. In the study, the simple random sampling method was used to include 1,012 students. In order to collect the research data, the mathematics study strategies of secondary school students were used; on the other hand, mathematics grades were employed to assess their academic achievement. As a result of the research, when the mathematics study strategies of secondary school students are examined, it is seen that their mathematics study strategies are at the medium level. In this study, a comparison of mathematics study strategies in terms of gender showed that the average score of female students for mathematics study strategies was higher compared to the males. It was also seen that students’ mathematics study strategy scores were similar regardless of whether they were attending extra-school study centres or preparatory schools, and students’ mathematics study strategies scores were similar regardless of whether they received private tutoring. Regardless of the grade levels of the students, we can also claim that their mathematics study strategies are at the medium level. Generally, it has been observed that secondary school students with high academic achievement use their mathematics study skills better than students with low academic achievement.
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Examining Multimodal Literacy Skills Among EMI Teachers in Kazakhstan
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The integration of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) in Kazakhstani universities necessitates effective multimodal communication in teaching. However, limited research has explored EMI instructors’ multimodal literacy—their ability to utilize verbal, visual, and textual elements to enhance instruction. This study investigates the relationship between EMI instructors’ ability to express and interpret multimodal content and their preference for multimodal communication in teaching at a Kazakhstani university. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a validated survey instrument to assess 120 teachers’ multimodal literacy levels in one Kazakhstani university. The collected data underwent reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation analysis to examine the relationships among multimodal expression, interpretation, and preference. The results indicate that while teachers acknowledge the value of multimodal approaches, they encounter significant challenges in integrating them effectively. Variations in internal consistency suggest that certain aspects of multimodal communication remain difficult to master. Additionally, the findings reveal that teachers who demonstrate strong multimodal interpretation skills do not necessarily prefer using such methods in teaching. These findings suggest a gap between EMI instructors’ multimodal literacy and their instructional preferences, highlighting the need for targeted faculty development programs that enhance multimodal teaching strategies.
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Statistical literacy (hereafter SL) has been considered an important learning outcome in statistics learning in higher education, yet studies that focus on investigating the factors and conditions that influence students’ SL, especially mathematics education students, are still limited. This study seeks to uncover the factors and conditions that significantly contribute to the SL of mathematics education students. This survey study involved 1,287 mathematics education students from 21 higher education institutions in Indonesia. Linear regression analysis involving four predictor variables (i.e., gender, status of higher education institution, laptop ownership, and research preference) was performed to determine the variables that contributed significantly in predicting SL achievement. The results revealed that gender, higher education institution’s status, and laptop ownership contributed significantly, but research preference was not significant in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. Furthermore, laptop ownership was found to have the highest contribution in predicting mathematics education students’ SL. All findings and their implications are discussed.
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This study aimed to assess the influence of students’ intrapersonal factors, namely Academic Intrinsic Motivation (AIM), Perceived Creativity Fostering Teacher Behavior (P-CFTB), Academic Self-Efficacy (ASE), and Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) on student engagement in undergraduate psychology students taking online Statistics courses. A cross-sectional and quantitative design was used from October to December 2022. The data collection procedure used a convenience sampling technique, with questionnaires distributed online (via social media) and offline (via lecturers, the Student Executive Board, and the Association of the Faculty of Psychology from various universities in Indonesia). The research participants were psychology undergraduates who had studied and passed the Statistics courses online, with 671 filling out the questionnaire. The results showed that all students’ intrapersonal factors, namely AIM, P-CFTB, ASE, and SRL, can determine student engagement by 66.9%, with ASE having the highest influence (23.99%) and P-CFTB having the lowest impact (9.78%). Moreover, the correlation value between SRL and SE was r = 0.700, p < 0.001, signifying a robust positive relationship between both variables.
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