Original research. Рубрика в журнале - International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education
Статья научная
The article raises the issue of whether managerialism can improve the efficiency of university management. Managerial management was adopted in Russia to promote the intensification of three types of professional activity of teachers: research work, educational process and socialization of students. It was assumed that the more teachers perform various types of work within the framework of their professional employment, the more the efficiency of management will grow. For these purposes, universities began to function as a quasi-market corporation, in which each actor had their own personal KPI. Its implementation and subsequent growth of indicators were considered as a guarantee of increasing managerial efficiency. The authors express the opinion that such an approach is erroneous in relation to such types of activities where flow assessment of quality is impossible. It is an unsuccessful example of the transfer to higher education of those practices that have developed in commercial corporations. In this regard, the authors put forward a hypothesis according to which Russian universities under managerial management have partially lost their traditional goals: to teach a profession, create scientific innovations, and introduce students to culture. To confirm this hypothesis, a universal model of effective university management was developed. Four empirical indicators were defined on its basis: 1) clear articulation of goals; 2) provision of sufficient resources to achieve goals; 3) reliable system of control over the use of resources; 4) social significance of the manufactured product. A survey of university teachers in six regions of the south of Russia (sample population - 849 respondents) showed that managerial management unreasonably commercializes the professional activities of teachers, that the overwhelming majority of employees of educational organizations do not have sufficient resources to fulfill their KPIs, that there is mass falsification and imitation of the results of professional activity, that the academic community has lost its subjectivity, is under pressure from university administrations and, therefore, is unable to perform the function of proper control over the quality of educational and scientific activities. A general conclusion is made according to which under the conditions of managerial management the goals of universities have ceased to be achieved. Consequently, from an economic point of view, state financing of the overwhelming majority of Russian universities seems to be an unprofitable and unpromising undertaking.
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Delinquent behaviour of children from dysfunctional families
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The subject of my research in the paper is the children from dysfunctional families, primarily their delinquent behavior, education and moral, actually, who takes care of them and who undertakes the family roles and whether this care is sufficient for building these personalities. This research approaches towards the study of the delinquent behavior of children from dysfunctional families. It examines to what extent the educational level of parents, the material condition, the health condition, the leisure time, the average monthly income of the family, the available permanent goods, the educational resources, the social communications within the very family, all affect the delinquent behavior of children from dysfunctional families.
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Designing Digital Multimodal Resources for the Kindergarten: From Intuition to Awareness
Статья научная
The study adapts McNeill and Robin’s (2012) evaluation system for digital story design to identify pre-service kindergarten teachers’ perceptions of its process and product aspect. Conducted within the course Pedagogy of Construction and Technology, the empirical study involves self-, peer, and expert evaluation of custom-designed multimodal educational digital ensembles. Significant differences across these evaluation axes emerge in the indicators clarity and cohesion, the capacity of the resource to render symbolic/metaphorical meanings, and students’ consideration of the audience’s age-related capabilities. Unlike students, experts manifest a more pronounced criticism, because their evaluation draws on their experience and perception of the applicability of the resources. To contextualize the three axes of evaluation, focus group discussions were conducted exploring students’ intentions related to goal setting, preparation, the author’s presence, and the multimodal modes of expression. A lack of specialized technological knowledge was established for effective use of multimedia software. Inconsistencies in students’ perception of the storyboarding process were also identified, along with an orientation to the audience’s motivation rather than to their age-related characteristics. These findings highlight the need for a systematic design of university courses in educational multimodal digital design for Education majors.
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Designing e-learning environment based on student preferences: conjoint analysis approach
Статья научная
The aim of this paper was to determine students’ preferences towards e-learning environment in order to select and design its components that suit the needs of student’s best. The research was implemented using conjoint analysis. Three dimensions of interest were considered: e-learning technology, teaching method and knowledge assessment and the results show that knowledge assessment is the most important e-learning attribute for both traditional and online students. Adding into consideration the teaching method as well, further analysis showed that students can be profiled in two segments: oriented on results or process, which can be used at the beginning of studies to adjust e-learning environment. Research findings emphasized student preferences as essential for designing e-learning system, while student satisfaction turned out to be a key factor determining their persistence for studying in e-learning environment. Finally, recommendations for improvement of existing e-learning system were given.
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Статья научная
The aim of this research is to determine, interpret and provide recommendations on instructional practices and evaluation of classroom teachers working with mainstreaming students at schools in the North Cyprus. A qualitative research method was used in the research. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews as one of the qualitative data collection methods. The interview form used in the research included 10 questions related to design and teaching practices as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of the instruction. Interviews were conducted with 12 classroom teachers working at mainstreaming classes under the North Cyprus Ministry of National Education and all interviews were recorded. These data were transferred to a digital environment where they were interpreted as code titles. The results showed that classroom teachers carry out in-class practices for teaching methods and activities of their mainstreaming students, and benefit from visual materials that they prepared with an assistant teacher. However, the classroom teachers also stated that they are unable to allocate time for their mainstreaming students because of the large numbers of students in the class and therefore they send their mainstreaming students to the special education teachers in their schools. It was determined that classroom teachers make their evaluations based on the level, interest and ability of students when evaluation the effectiveness of teaching.
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Determining professional mobility levels of secondary school teachers
Статья научная
Education has a great share in the development of a country. Countries that invest in education are developing in all respects. There are many factors that affect education, but the most important of them is the teacher. Because other factors affecting education do not make sense without a teacher. The better the teachers are trained, the more appropriate the working conditions, the better the quality of education, and thus the establishment of a modern, peaceful country. This study aims to determine professional mobility levels of secondary school teachers. Mixed research method was used in the study. A total number of 146 teachers including 60 teachers in the control group and 86 in the experimental group participated in the study. Results confirmed the effectiveness of activities to update students’ pedagogical experiences as a necessary step in the development of professional pedagogical mobility. Results are discussed with relevant literature and recommendations for further research and practices are provided.
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Статья научная
Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 concepts are actively developing all over the world. The accelerating transition to Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 sets new requirements for the university education system in qualifications and competencies of engineering universities graduates. The article reveals the possibilities of using cognitive models in the professional training of research engineers for new industries. Authors used the modeling method for creating a cognitive and metacognitive model of the process. It can be used for the development of forming the optimal structure of higher professional engineering education. The article substantiates that the main tasks of modernization of pedagogical approaches in modern education, is to establish the compliance of educational products with the labor market requirements and transform the structure of vocational education, providing training for professional specialists required by specific employers. Conclusions are drawn about the important role of soft skills for engineering education in Industry 4.0. The results obtained in the study can be used for the engineering category of students.
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Development of social skills among elementary school children
Статья научная
The purpose of the research was to explore the development of social skills among elementary school children and identify similarities and differences based on socio-demographic characteristics. The research was conducted in 2017. This study used a sample of 1639 fifth and eighth-grade students from 17 primary schools in the area of the Central Bosnia Canton. The obtained findings provided significant results. The high level of self-assessment of social competence was determined. The results also showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the respondents in the assessment of social competence with regard to the gender and grade of the students. The correlation between social competence and students’ school performance was determined. These findings will have their practical application in teaching process, and help teachers and students in the development of social competence through teaching process.
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Didactic trends and perceived teachers’ training needs in higher education: a case study
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Today’s world requires people who manage their learning and professional updating processes, which claims for a change in educational practices in all levels of education. However, in Higher Education, this transformation relies mostly on teacher’s efforts to innovate within the learning environments, requiring institutional efforts to generate strategies towards educational innovation. This paper presents the analysis of didactic trends and training needs of teachers at UNIMINUTO Colombia, based on the data gathered at the Annual Meetings for Innovative Pedagogical Practices and an additional survey applied on-line, to determine teachers’ training needs and, furthermore, institutional strategies to strengthen the teaching-learning process. The study uses a mixed methodology through a concurrent triangulation design with qualitative and quantitative methods, with an exploratory scope; both quantitative and qualitative parts of the study counted on a voluntary sampling method. Trend analysis shows that the most used didactic methods are Project-Based learning, Research-Based Learning, and Collaborative Learning. However, the analysis of teachers’ appropriation of knowledge about didactics, especially on those strategies, is low or basic, which compared to the training needs expressed by teachers demonstrate that training processes in educational innovation and new teaching methods is crucial to help educational innovation initiatives to evolve. The study stablishes a trend towards the use active-learning methodologies in pedagogical practices, highlighting the necessity of teachers’ training in how and when to use them, and setting the importance of including communication skills as a topic in teachers’ training programs.
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Different self-attitude indicators in students and their self-realization in a university
Статья научная
The problem raised in the study is also due to the lack of a common conceptual framework explaining the conditionality of foreign students' realization by subjective characteristics. The purpose of the paper is to present and analyze the results of an empirical study of self-attitude indicators as subject predictors of students' self-realization in a foreign cultural environment. The study was conducted in 2019-20 among students of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia getting undergraduate and Master's degrees in Humanities. 412 respondents aged 18-25 took part in the survey. The authors used “Multidimensional questionnaire of self-identity” method by S. I. Kudinov; “Test - questionnaire of self-attitude” method by V. V. Stolin, S. R. Panteleev; the self-assessment diagnostic technique by Dembo-Rubinstein in A. M. Prikhozhan's modification; “Individual preferences of self-expression sphere” questionnaire by S. S. Kudinov; methods of mathematical and statistical analysis (descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, K. Pearson's correlation analysis, factor analysis, the program of standard statistical package “Statistica-7.0”. In the course of an empirical study of students in a multinational university it was found that the respondents' self-realization is carried out mainly in the course of educational activities. As a result of cluster analysis, three groups of respondents with dominant indicators of self-attitude have been identified, which were conventionally designated as positive-stable, negative-rigid and socially dependent type of self-attitude. It is determined that respondents with a positive-stable type of self-attitude demonstrate most successful self-fulfillment due to the expression of such personal qualities as self-acceptance, self-confidence, faith in their possibilities and abilities, self-management. At the same time, the greatest difficulties in self-realization are experienced by students with a socially dependent type of self-attitude, due to low self-esteem, external self-regulation and constant expectation that others would evaluate their activities, actions and reactions.
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Статья научная
The predictive abilities of children are little investigated in cognitive psychology. The results of empirical studies of predictive thinking of senior preschool age children with underdevelopment are presented. The sample group was 6-7 year old children attending kindergarten. There are 18 children with somatic, speech disorders. We used techniques: “Psychodiagnostic complex (PDC)”, the method of investigating the peculiarities of predictive activity; the method for diagnostics the level of development of verbal-logical thinking. We used the method of participant observation. We presented the data proving that children with a mental underdevelopment more often make mistakes in predictions and mistakes of distractions, elements alternating, strategies change, classification, which reduces their cognitive efficiency. The results demonstrate statistical relationships between the indicators of the ability to prediction, verbal-logical and visual-creative thinking in children of preschool age. Factors influencing the formation of mental abilities of children are discussed.
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Diffusion of innovation in modern school
Статья научная
This paper presents the results of research aimed to examine how teachers are interested in the application of innovation in teaching and in their personal development. An attempt was made to determine their opinion on the application of innovation in education. Sample consisted of 162 teachers (N = 162) in primary and secondary schools. We used the technique of scaling and instrument evaluation scale that was specifically designed for this research. The results show that teachers easily and smoothly implement innovations in their educational work and the knowledge gained by applying innovation far better in terms of practical application and durability of the knowledge acquired without the use of innovation. A qualitative analysis has shown that the majority of respondents had positive views of the use of innovations in their schools.
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Digital Game-Based Learning’s (DGBL) Effect on Students’ Academic Performance
Статья научная
Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has redefined education in recent years. Instead of replacing conventional methods of instruction, the aim is to make learning more complex and adapted to how students really engage with the modern world. This study aims to collect data that will assist educators, students, legislators, and creators of digital games in recognizing the value of the DGBL approach to education. Together, they may enhance and modify these approaches to better suit students’ requirements and enhance their academic performance. The study’s conclusions may significantly affect future applications of digital educational games in educational settings. Since they could offer a deeper comprehension that would enable students’ benefit from personalized instruction through artificial intelligence (AI), while at the same time using immersive technologies would increase students’ involvement, interest, and motivation for learning in a virtual environment. A questionnaire was emailed to 328 students at all three study levels, as well as faculty and administrative personnel from Megatrend University in Belgrade, who took part in the study. According to the findings, participants believe that a) if digital games and educational content are combined in learning, students are more likely to increase their learning efficiency in this way; b) if a digital game-based learning (DGBL) approach provides a dynamic and engaging learning environment, it is more likely to increase student motivation and participation in the learning process; c) if digital game-based learning (DGBL) includes rewards, feedback, and competition, there is greater potential to significantly improve student learning outcomes; d) if digital game-based learning (DGBL) is supported by artificial intelligence (AI), which enables personalization, the learning is more likely to dynamically adapt to each student’s performance.
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Digital competencies in the context of preschool music education
Статья научная
Given the digitalization of modern society and the way a child acquires musical experiences, practitioners are expected to apply various media in everyday educational praxis. The theoretical framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is an approach that connects the knowledge of educators with Information and Communications Technology (ICT), concurrently developing technology-supported pedagogical knowledge and integration of technology into education. The paper aims to investigate educators’ self-assessment of their digital competencies and their implementation in musical activities with preschool children. The respondents are full-time and part-time graduate students of the Early Childhood and Preschool Education study program from faculties of teacher education in Croatia. The obtained results indicate that 91,1 % of respondents didn’t have any formal ICT education while 59,5 % didn’t have any additional type of music education except during their studies. Nevertheless, the greatest knowledge participants have shown on the competencies for using digital tools (CFUDT) scale succeeded by a technological knowledge (TK) scale of the adapted TPACK-TCCMA survey, thus the respondents rated their digital and ICT competencies exceedingly high unlike music and pedagogical competencies. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that additional attention should be given to the development of digital, music, and pedagogical competencies during studies that will be applicable in both music and other areas of education.
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Статья научная
This research is a descriptive study in the survey model to determine the direct and indirect effects between visual perception, phonological awareness, and literacy errors. The design of the study is exploratory correlational design. 552 first-grade primary school students participated in the study. The data were collected using measurement tools named phonological awareness, visual perception, word-sentence writing/spelling, and reading errors. According to the findings, visual perception affects sentence writing/spelling both directly and through word-writing-reading errors. Visual perception affects reading errors both directly and through word-sentence writing errors. The results show that the development of prerequisite skills and reading are mediated by writing, writing/spelling are mediated by reading, and learning develops in a spiral manner. It can be said that children’s reading-writing/spelling errors increase because they have difficulty in converting from sound to the letter, from letter to sound, and in synthesizing and analyzing according to their initial level of phonological awareness and visual perception development.
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Статья научная
The paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the features of distance learning at universities and its impact on the characteristics of anxiety, psycho-emotional states and stress resistance of modern students. The purpose of the study was to determine the specifics of anxiety and stress resistance in Russian and Chinese students during the period of distance learning. The novelty of the paper lies in the fact that Russian and Chinese students took part in a cross-cultural empirical study: in total, the sample consisted of 80 students: 40 Russian students (20 boys and 20 girls) and 40 Chinese students (20 boys and 20 girls) aged 18 to 25 years studying in 2-3d years of Bachelor programs. The following methods were used in the study: 1) Spielberger anxiety scale adapted by Yu. L. Khanin; 2) the questionnaire “Well-being, activity, mood” by V.A. Doskin, N.A. Lavrentieva, V.B. Sharaya and M.P. Miroshnikov; 3) a short scale of stress resistance by E.V. Raspopin. The conducted research identified specific features of anxiety and stress resistance manifestation in Russian and Chinese students. We established significant differences in indicators of anxiety, stress resistance and psycho-emotional state components as well as determined meaningful between indicators of well-being, activity, mood, anxiety and stress resistance in students. Based on the data obtained, the content of the paper presents conclusions and recommendations on optimizing the educational process at the university in order to reduce anxiety and increase stress resistance in students who have to endure the distance-learning format.
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Статья научная
The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive flexibility before and during the COVID-19 pandemic through a different performance measurement suitable for online application. In the study, three different data collected in 2019 (T19), 2020 (T20) and 2021 (T21) were compared with both within-and between-subject designs. One-hundred-and-twenty-three university students were included in the study for within-subjects, 239 for between-subject. According to the findings of the study, the cognitive flexibility of the students who continue formal education in T19 is higher than the students who continue distance education in T20 according to both within-subject and between-subject design. Besides, in both designs, fewer total words were produced in T19 than in T20. The sentences created by the students who continue their distance education in pandemic stay around less categories and contain more words. According to the within-subject findings obtained at T20 and T21, the cognitive flexibility and total words produced at T20 were greater. In other words, the scores of the students decreased over time during the pandemic period. In T21, cognitive flexibility is not related to vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear of COVID-19. However, according to the regression results, vulnerability at T21 was predicted by the total word and total emotional word in T20. Accordingly, producing more total words in T20 reduced vulnerability in T21; however, using more emotional words in T20 increased vulnerability in T21. In addition, the number of siblings was negatively associated with vulnerability. Lastly, cognitive flexibility test was found to be reliable.
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EEG interface module for cognitive assessment through neurophysiologic tests
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The cognitive signal processing is one of the important interdisciplinary field came from areas of life sciences, psychology, psychiatry, engineering, mathematics, physics, statistics and many other fields of research. Neurophysiologic tests are utilized to assess and treat brain injury, dementia, neurological conditions, and useful to investigate psychological and psychiatric disorders. This paper presents an ongoing research work on development of EEG interface device based on the principles of cognitive assessments and instrumentation. The method proposed engineering and science of cognitive signal processing in case of brain computer interface based neurophysiologic tests. The future scope of this study is to build a low cost EEG device for various clinical and pre-clinical applications with specific emphasis to measure the effect of cognitive action on human brain.
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Economic implications of education in Southeast Europe
Статья научная
This research covers an evaluation of the impact of education system, educational, scientific and other institutions on the economic growth in nine countries of Southeast Europe (SEE). The main hypothesis is the following: GDP pc growth is significant and positively correlates with the indicators of the state of education system. In addition to educational institutions, there are other social and economic indicators on which education and science depend, namely the budget and fiscal system, corruption and protection of intellectual property rights, which also have positive and significant impact on GDP pc. The stated fields are interactive. Besides GDP pc, the analysis includes another 11 variables. Factor analysis for the variables grouped into two factors shows high significance. The F-test result shows significance of the regression model. ANOVA test, too, confirms the aforementioned significance. Both variables (the first and second factor) have positive direction with GDP pc. The results show significance of the institutional-educational variable, while the impact of educational population in the model is not sufficiently significant. Econometric analysis has mainly confirmed the initial hypotheses.
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