A communication system requires a highly stabilized frequency; LC and RC oscillator are two wide option for frequency generation. Performance of an LC oscillator suffers from leakage, area, noise etc compare RC oscillator. Voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is preferred category if RC oscillator to generate high oscillator frequency. VCO contains odd number of delay stage cascaded together; output frequency strongly depends on switching threshold of individual stages. A 3 stage current starved VCO can generate upto 0.6 Ghz; this work is focused around body bias technique to increase frequency without increasing number of delay stage. Oscillation frequency has been controlled by bulk terminal of PMOS and NMOS individually and by means of adaptive body bias network. Cadence spectre based simulation result at CMOS 90nm shows that by reverse biasing of PMOS obtained frequency is 1.2GHz-10.01GHz with tuning range of 95% while biasing of NMOS generate frequency of 500MHz- 12.5GHz with tuning range capability of 96%. This design presents high frequency with wider tuning range and optimum reduced power by which this oscillator design can be used in different band of communication.

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Wind Power Generation Plant Addressing Which Based on WASP Software

Yujun BAO, Yiming HE

Статья научная

We have studied some basic problems about wind power generation plant addressing, such as the economy of wind power generation plant addressing, the affection of environment and wind power characteristics. We have analyzed and discussed seriously by comparing the steps about wind power generation plant addressing. In this paper, we also introduced the WASP software which used to how to address wind power generation plant.

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Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture: Livestock Monitoring for the Farming Industries

Atiqur Rahman, Md. Shohanur Rahman Shohan, Md. Toukir Ahmed

Статья научная

The livestock sector is an essential component of the global economy. Farmers are losing interest in this profession as animals suffer from a variety of bad health conditions, unpredictable fatal illnesses. The temperature and humidity of the farm have a stronger impact on the health of the cattle. Monitoring the health of dairy cattle and the environmental state of farms can assist to tackle these concerns. In this research, we describe a system that allows farmers to monitor livestock health metrics including body temperature as well as environmental data like temperature, humidity, light levels, quality of air, and dampness. The device will automatically maintain optimum environmental conditions for the livestock in addition to monitoring environmental parameters. Our suggested method would assure adequate water supply to the cattle in order to increase milk production supply. Three ESP32 microcontrollers are utilized as clients in this system to sense different health and environmental aspects, and an ESP32 microcontroller is used as a server to wirelessly link the three ESP32 clients. Through a web application, health and environmental factors may be accessed on the internet. It may also be accessed remotely on a mobile phone. This revolution in advanced technological farm automation will help to improve productivity by reducing the need for human intervention. Finally, the proposed solution would assist in boosting productivity while saving the farmer's time and effort.

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Wireless Vehicular Communication

Saranya M., Archana N.

Статья научная

The proposal entitled as “Wireless Vehicular Communication” deals with communication between vehicles and infrastructural units. This proposal is designed to enable communication between vehicles and the surrounding infrastructure, such as traffic signals and road sensors. The aim of this project is to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion and enhance overall road safety. This project primarily aims at providing instantaneous communication between two vehicles or between vehicles and infrastructure to ensure safety of the passenger. This system is also known as Crucial Message Exchange System (CMES). CMES not only helps in message transmission but also in collection, storage and monitoring of the messages. This system processes data and has the ability to extract crucial information for future machine language-based processing. The CMES system uses the ESP8266 module as the on-board unit in a vehicle to implement Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I). This module interacts with the Raspberry Pi board using Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol to relay information. The Raspberry Pi board is considered as the embedded unit in the infrastructure. Raspberry Pi not only facilitates the collection of data but also is responsible for storage and retrieval in cloud systems. All the said components working together ensures a reliable message passing system which will be of immense help to the drivers/passengers on road.

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