Экспериментальный обжиг керамики в археологии: современные подходы
Автор: Жущиховская И. Ю.
Журнал: Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология @historyphilology
Рубрика: Преподавание археологии в вузах
Статья в выпуске: 3 т.21, 2022 года.
Бесплатный доступ
Экспериментальный обжиг керамики является современным методом исследования древнего гончарства. В статье обобщается опыт по экспериментальному обжигу керамики в зарубежной и отечественной науке. Экспериментальный обжиг является междисциплинарным методом, включающим познавательные, информационные и аналитические возможности археологии, этнографии, естественных наук. Рассматриваются материалы экспериментального изучения простых обжигательных устройств (костер, яма, примитивная печь). В операции обжига выделены технологические стадии - подготовительная, основная и завершающая. Результаты экспериментов, полученные исследователями, способствуют объективности и точности в оценке и объяснении признаков археологической керамики, делают более обоснованными интерпретационные построения.
Эксперимент, традиционное гончарство, простые обжигательные устройства, стадии обжига, термический профиль обжига
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147236289
IDR: 147236289 | УДК: 903.12 | DOI: 10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-3-9-20
Experimental ceramics firing in archaeology: current studies
Purpose. The article presents a survey of current tendencies in experimental ceramics firing. This research method is used for studying and explaining archaeological information concerning firing technique and technology in the past.Results. Experimental ceramics firing is considered as an interdisciplinary method involving cognitive, informational and analytical opportunities of archaeology, ethnography, and natural sciences. Archaeological contexts submit certain tasks of experimental firing in each case of study. These tasks interconnected within frames of experimental projects are: 1 - reconstruction of firing devices and their working processes based upon archaeological remains; 2 - examination of technical and technological potentials of different types of firing devices; 3 - examination of ceramic pastes thermic behavior for the identification of archaeological potteries firing qualities; 4 - reconstruction of specific firing technologies (for example, “smudging”). Simple firing devices exploited in traditional pots-making and modeling in the experiments are a bonfire, pit, one-chambered and primitive two-chamber kiln. Ceramics firing is considered as three-staged process. Preparing, essential and final stages have their specific technological features. Most important features of the essential stage providing crucial transformation of clay matter are thermal and atmosphere profiles. In general, ceramics firing is a complicated process involving different factors and conditions.Conclusion. Experimental firing researches combined with traditional firings observations show that characteristics and properties of archaeological ceramics even determined analytically do not always provide sure information for judgments about type of firing device and thermal regimes. Our interpretations of archaeological evidence of ceramics firing have to be more flexible and variable.
Список литературы Экспериментальный обжиг керамики в археологии: современные подходы
- Мыльникова Л. Н., Молодин В. И., Бобров В. В., Стефанов В. И. Керамика эпохи раннего неолита Западной Сибири (результаты термического анализа) // Уральский исторический вестник. 2019. № 4. С. 17–29. DOI 10.30759/1728-9718-2019-4(65)-17-29
- Поплевко Г. Н. Комплексные экспериментально-трасологические и этнографические исследования керамики: технология изготовления и обжиг // Самар. науч. вестник. 2018. Т. 7, № 3 (24). С. 165–172.
- Arnold D. E. Ceramic theory and cultural process. Cambridge, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1985, 268 p.
- Bareš M., Lička M., Růžhičhkovă M. K technologii neoliticke keramiky. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series A (Historia), 1982, vol. 35, no. 3–4, s. 137–227. (на чеш.)
- Bintintan A., Gligor M. Pottery kiln: A technological approach to Early Eneolithic black-topped production in Translylvania. Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica, 2016, vol. 22, pp. 5–18.
- Colell R. C., Vallѐs J. P., Cobos N. C., Limό̴̰n B. J., Cañamero J. M. G., Cerezuela L. C. The Iron Age Iberian Experimental Pottery Kiln of Verdu҅, Catalonia, Spain. EXARC Journal, 2014, no. 4, pp. 1–13.
- Gosselain O. P. Bonfire of the Enquiries. Pottery Firing Temperatures in Archaeology: What For? Journal of Archaeological Science, 1992, vol. 19, pp. 243–259.
- Hartwell B. N. The experimental firing of a replica double-flued kiln based on an excavated medieval example from Dawnpatrick. Ulster Journal of Archaeology, 1993, vol. 56, pp. 152–162.
- Hein D. Ceramic Kiln Lineages in Mainland Southeast Asia. In: Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia: Collections in the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur Sackler Gallery, 2008, pp. 1–38. URL: http://SEAsianCeramics.asia.si.edu
- Daszhkiewicz M., Martian L. Experimental firing and re-firing. In: Hunt A. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis. Oxford, Oxford Uni. Press, 2016, pp. 477–508.
- Dimoula A., Tsirtsoni Z., Yioni P., Stankidis J., Ntinou M., Prevost-Dermarker S., Papandopoulou E., Valamoti S.-M. Experimental investigation of ceramic technology and plant cooking in Neolithic northern Greece. STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research, 2019, vol. 5, pp. 269–286.
- Livingstone Smith A. Bonfire II: The Return of Pottery Firing Temperatures. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2001, vol. 28, pp. 991–1003.
- Magetti M., Neururer Ch., Ramseyer D. Temperature evolution inside a pot during experimental surface (bonfire) firing. Applied Clay Science, 2011, vol. 53, pp. 500–508.
- May P., Tuckson M. The Traditional Pottery of Papua New Guinea. Honolulu, Hawai’i Press, 2000, 380 р.
- Mayes P. The firing of a pottery kiln of a Romano-British type at Boston, Lincs. Archaeometry, 1961, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 4–18.
- Meng Guo. Variability in pottery firing technology: choice or technical development? Chinese Archaeology, 2017, vol. 17, pp. 179–186. DOI 10.1515/char-2017-0015
- Molinaro J., Bronner N. The Pots of Jatumpamba. Ceramics Monthly, 2001, no. 8, pp. 53–57.
- Nicholson P. T., Patterson H. L. Ethnoarchaeology in Egypt: The Ba҅llas pottery project. Archaeology, 1985, vol. 38, pp. 52–59.
- Petersham M. Village Pottery in Ceylon. Ceramics Monthly, 1968, no. 5, pp. 12–14.
- Rice P. M. Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. Chicago, Chicago Uni. Press, 1987, 559 p.
- Riegger H. Pottery Making – Indian Style. Ceramics Monthly, 1963, no. 5, pp. 22–25.
- Rye O. S. Pottery technology: Principles and reconstruction. Washington, DC: Taraxacum Press, 1981, 154 p.
- Shepard A. O. Ceramics for the Archaeologist. Washington, DC, Carnegie Institute Press, 1985, 414 p.
- Slye J. The Traditional Pottery of Nigeria. Ceramics Monthly, 1968, no. 2, pp. 12–19.
- The҅r R. Experimental Pottery Firings in Closed Firing Devices from the Neolithic – Hallstatt Period in Central Europe. euroREA, 2004, no. 1, pp. 35–82.
- The҅r R., Gregor M. Experimental reconstruction of the pottery firing process of Late Bronze Age pottery from north-eastern Bohemia. In: Archaeological Ceramics: A Review of Current Research, BAR International Series, Oxford, Archaeopress, 2011, no. 2193, pp. 128–142.
- Thér R., Kallistová A., Svoboda Z., Kvetina P., Lisá L., Burgert P., Bajer A. How Was Neolithic Pottery Fired? An Exploration of the Effects of Firing Dynamics on Ceramic Products. Journal of Archaeological Method & Theory, 2019, vol. 26, pp. 1143–1175. DOI 10.1007/ s10816-018-9407-x
- Vitelly K. Experimental Approaches to Thessalian Neolithic Ceramics: Gray Ware and Ceramic Colour. In: La Thessalie. Quinze anne҅es de recherches arche҅ologiques, 1975–1990. Bilans and Perspectives. Actes du Collogue International. Lyon, 1990, pp. 143–148.
- Vukovic҅ J. Late Neolithic Vincͮa Pottery Firing Procedure: Reconstruction of Neolithic Technology through Experiment. OPVSCVLA Archaeologica, 2018, vol. 39, pp. 25–35.
- Willis M. D. Folk Pottery in Saudi Arabia. Ceramics Monthly, 1977, no. 1, pp. 35–38.
