The current paper investigates the notion of protective communication represented by systems of signs, texts, rituals which the authors regard as means of neutralizing cognitive constructs, generated by phobias of varying degrees of irrationality. Classification of phobias on psycho- and sociolinguistic grounds allows developing their typology from the point of view of the cause of their origin: supernatural entities (superstition), individual fearful images (prejudice), social suspicion (bias). As the study showed, sacred horror caused by destructive forces of nature, climatic phenomena not subjected to man, and astronomical events gave rise to supernatural, esoteric phobias reflected in superstitions. Biological phobias appeared in response to real dangers, associated with daily human activities, personal imaginarytroubles and fears, which generated a system of prejudice invented by man himself. Social interaction of people, with its negative stereotyping and categorization of social space, entailed a wide range of phobias (racial, religious, age, gender, etc,) which turned into social biases. On his way of development, a man tried hard to find protection against phobias of different nature, creating an extensive system of protective means incorporated in religious, magical and intolerant types of discourse, consequently neutralizing superstitions, prejudices and biases in specific genres, verbal and non-verbal signs, texts and rituals of the above mentioned types of discourse.

Бесплатно

Semiolinguistics of sacred power

Astafurova Tatyana N., Olyanich Andrey V.

Статья научная

The paper addresses the phenomenon of sacred power as the oldest regulator of the behavior of ethnos from the perspective of social semiotics: it includes the definition of this type of power, its basic spheres of actualization (religious and magic) and identification of its lingual-semiotic, ethno-cultural and discourse parameters in the various semiolinguistic ways: sacred objects and buildings, actions and rituals, verbal texts, language formulas being included. The sacred is defined as something inexpressible by its nature, it is stated that it can be approximated to personal understanding only through the symbol. Sacred power generates semiolinguistic space in the form of verbal and non-verbal signs of various form and content that perform their protective impact on the objects of sacred power. Special attention is paid to genres and rituals through which sacred power is exercised. The authors highlight the phenomenon of ceremony that gives a sacred meaning to human actions, and show what special rituals are linked to communicating with the sacred power.The semiotic aspect of religious and magical protection is differentiated by the quality of the sign: religious semiolinguistics involves sacred myths and symbols, and magic semiolinguistics is based on chasing-out and purifying magic with its signs and texts.

Бесплатно

Sensorics of the category of physiological and mental deviations in English drolls

Ptashkin A.

Статья научная

The paper deals with sensory means of the expression within the semantic fields of the category of physiological and mental deviations in English old drolls. The source of material is folklore texts by T. Blount, W.C. Hazlitt, E.S. Hartland, G. Stephens, T. Sternerg, T. Wright, Ch. S. Burne, J. Jacobs. The semantic and contextual analyses of the sensory lexemes, collocations, phraseological units representing the semantic fields that form the category under study were considered as the main research methods. The semantic analysis showed that linguosensory lexical units in the folklore texts actualize different areas of semantic fields that reflect social views about physiological and mental deviations. It has been defined that the structure of such fields implies a core, consisting of lexical units of a neutral-bookish style, the near periphery, including the lexis of informal style with further differentiation, and the interpretative field. The distant periphery in the structure of these fields was not formed. The semantic features of the category of physiological and mental deviations defined in the boundaries of the contextual analysis is comprise into the semantic field of the dicteme as a result of the contextual analysis of lexical units. The material and findings of the study can be used to pursue the contrastive and comparative analyses of perceptional linguistic means in the boundaries of cognitive linguistics, linguosensorics.

Бесплатно

Simultaneous Interpreter Professional Competence in a Cognitive and Discursive Paradigm

Korovkina M.Ye.

Статья научная

The paper presents a simultaneous interpreter professional competence that consists of three components – communicative, extralinguistic and procedural or specialized (sub)competences. It is focused on the third component, which includes the abilities of inferencing, probabilistic forecasting and compression, specifically required for simultaneous interpreting (SI). Inferencing is a two-staged process of retrieving assumptions with regards to composing invariant senses, which means deriving inferences of the message in the source language (SL) and generating implicatures in the target language (TL). Probabilistic forecasting is based on the analysis of the invariant sense prompts in the SL message and boils down to anticipating invariant sense evolvement in the context. It is closely related to compression – an ability to eliminate the redundant information and to condense the retrieved invariant sense in the SI for linguistic and extralinguistic reasons, such as interlanguage asymmetries between the source and target languages and an acute shortage of time because of the speaker's speed. Moreover, compression is one of the key discursive strategies used by the simultaneous interpreter in speech production. These information processing abilities stand for the SI inherent cognitive features or mechanisms and cognitive-and-discursive strategies employed by the simultaneous interpreter in order to meet the pragmatic needs of a SI communicative situation. Descriptive, comparative, model simulation, introspection and observation methods were used for the research task realization. The outcomes of the study show that the above mentioned three cognitive mechanisms, discursive strategies and abilities closely interact in the SI; it is manifested through inferences and implicatures generated on the basis of presuppositions. Relying on his/her professional competence and employing discursive strategies of inferencing, probabilistic forecasting and compression, the simultaneous interpreter chooses the adequate language means to render invariant sense in its transition from the source to target languages. The choice is facilitated by presuppositional knowledge rooted in the worldview of the source and target languages, constituting the simultaneous interpreter's language and conceptual thesauri. Another important factor assisting SI cognitive processes and the choice of discursive strategies is the analysis of text functions that makes it possible to elicit presuppositions helpful for inferencing and probabilistic forecasting.

Бесплатно

Social inclusion and social exclusion as a tool for reflecting social processes in the lexical neoformations of youth English slang

Shamne N.L., Titarenko S.A.

Статья научная

The article discusses various approaches to defining the terminological base, the ambiguity of definitions, the lack of clear boundaries and signs of the concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. The notions under study are characterized by way of their reference to communication process circumstances and participants, who are contrasted in their social status, cultural experience, ideological ideas and worldview to other social groups. The article analyzes slang neoformations with the concern for stylistically reduced register of communication as objectifying categories of social exclusion and social inclusion within the framework of youth discourse, which determine the developing vector of both society structure on the whole and social subsystems of the language. The novelty and relevance of the study lie in the use of linguocognitive analysis of authentic material, on the basis of which the mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion of slang lexical units are differentiated. The regularity in actualization of social exclusion or inclusion is understood in connection with the mechanisms and possibilities of using communicative practices in order to include social groups in social processes. These phenomena are reflected at the lexical level of the language and might contribute to various transformations of social consciousness, increasing language efficiency and its ability to respond to current challenges. It is concluded that modern youth slang is a specific language model that acts as an instrument of social exclusion or inclusion; in communicative practices, it is embodied through pejorative slang nominations thus strategically and tactically forming a negative image and antisocial behavior. The results of the research contribute to further study of the communicative nature of sociolinguistic phenomena, to comparative studies of the discursive construction of socially significant fragments of social reality, and the communicative manifestation of multidirectional social processes that determine the social structure and stratification of society.

Бесплатно

Sociolinguistic monitoring of word usage frequency of youth sociolect

Petrova Anna A., Sytina Nadezhda A., Aleksandrova Elena S.

Статья научная

The current paper describes the lexical units ofyouth sociolect and is aimed at monitoring youth speech. Special attention is given to heterogeneous social factors that influence the word usage in youth sociolect and involve micro-and macrosociolinguistic pilot projects on frequency occurrence of English words in a multicultural society. Miscrosociolinguistic analysis was focused on societal and gender differences in youth sociolect. The initial stage of the macrosociolinguistic monitoring included the questionnaire development, setting the boundaries of a sociolinguistic survey and the number of lexical items under consideration. The second step in the project was monitoring itself. Finally, the results of the monitoring were analyzed. The studywas carried out through an online questionnaire, face-to-face and remote interviewing, with native English speakers and speakers ofother languages from different countries and regions. The monitoring of usage frequency demonstrated that a limited number of English lexical units are used in interpersonal and professional communication; the other part of words presents a diverse picture. The respondents involved in professional activity tend to demonstrate more tolerance to the youth sociolect than ordinary people. The analysis proved the point about the heterogeneous character of sociolect usage by youth and its dependence on the sphere of communication.

Бесплатно

Sociomorphic neuromodeling in academic emotionology as an integration of neurocognitive and psycholinguistic knowledge in artificial intelligence

Talanov M., Karabulatova I., Erokhin V., Vallverd J.

Статья научная

The article analyzes the problems of academic emotionology as an applied branch of emotionology (the science of emotions) based on the use of sociomorphic neuromodeling, viewed through the prism of academic discourse in the educational system. For the first time, the proposed concept of sociomorphic neuromodeling is aimed not only at explaining, but also at applying a socially inherited mechanism of emotional response in a particular ethnic environment, which is reflected in the specifics of neuro-psychophysiological signals as a "deep" language. The main angle of the analysis is due to a non-discrete approach to assessing emotivity in communication and emotions in the speech and behavioral matrix of a modern native speaker. The authors consider the evidence of the proposed hypothesis verifying it with the work carried out on the emotivity analyzer of the speech and behavioral profile of a carrier a natural intelligence carrier and a "smart assistant" as a carrier of artificial intelligence. This representation allows us to undertake methodological holism towards the visual representation of emotions within NLP. The proposed "deep" neurocognitive designer of a "smart assistant" for social engineering rests on understanding neuromodulators activities as the neuro-psycholinguistic mechanisms of the human brain, which makes available the prospects for the development of the analyzer and the possibility of the proposed interface usage. The suggested refinement of the gradation of natural emotional intelligence and emotional artificial intelligence solves the issues of the general theory of emotions, which is an important step for further development of robotic humanoid systems based on the biomimetic concept. Authors' contribution. M. Talanov - development of a bioinspired "smart assistant" program, development of a mathematical model, writing part of the project; I.S. Karabulatova - general idea, development of the gradation of emotional intelligence, analysis of the history of the issue of psychometric research, writing a part, drafting instructions, editing; V. Erokhin - development of processes for biosensors and bioelectronics in the framework of neuromorphic computing; conducting experiments for bioinspired computing; clarifying terminology; J. Vallverdú - development of a project design using new intellectual solutions, development of a cognitive model, writing of a part of the project.

Бесплатно

Specific features of lettered words’ integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language

Uryvskaya Tatiana A.

Статья научная

This paper is devoted to the specific features of lettered words’ integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language. The author has analyzed a number of local and foreign studies, covering the main patterns of the lettered words’ integration. Based on Liu Yongquan’s studies, it was concluded that it’s important to strictly follow letters’ case. The case difference can distinguish semantics of different lettered words. Native Chinese speakers with high linguistic competence are able to recognize various lettered words in print, but they may not know how to read them out loud. Therefore, the pronunciation of lettered words is associated with a number of issues: the choice of pronunciation standard, the differentiation of initialisms and acronyms, the choice which syllable to stress. Based on the results of previous research, different ways of how borrowed lettered words respond to the grammatical norms of the Chinese language were identified. The empirical analysis was performed with lettered words extracted by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. Using the cases described in the paper, the author has proved that in addition to such word-formation processes as compounding, semi-affixation, syntactic and morphological transposition, lettered words can also be formed and transformed with morphological contraction.

Бесплатно

Splendours and miseries of total play in akunin’s literary oeuvre (book review: snigireva T. A. Boris akunin i ego igrovoy mir [tekst] : monografiya / T.A. Snigireva, A.V. Podchinenov, A.V. Snigirev. - saint petersburg : aleteya, 2017. - 178 P.)

Prascheruk Natalya V.

Рецензия

Бесплатно

Strategies of manipulative rhetoric in English-language business media discourse

Malyuga E., Madinyan E.

Статья научная

The aim of the study is to identify manipulative strategies implemented through the use of collocations, cliches, idioms, and set phrases in the English-language business media discourse. A quantitative analysis of samples collected from publications in "The Economist" was conducted. The research hypothesis proposes that manipulative strategies in the English-language business discourse are realized through the deliberate choice of collocations, cliches, idioms, and set phrases, which serve as tools for shaping public opinion. The study identified five manipulative strategies. It was established that manipulation through imagery-based expressions is the most frequently employed strategy, while evaluative assessments of factual content and manipulation by criticism are less frequent. The least utilized strategies are manipulation through antithesis and generalization, manipulation via vague or euphemistic language constructions. The research confirmed that collocations, cliches, idioms, and set phrases are extensively used in the English-language business media discourse to implement manipulative strategies, and several strategies may be joined within a single utterance. The findings may have scientific implications, particularly for scholars and professionals in media and business communication.

Бесплатно

Structural analysis of persian-english reverse code-switching and code-mixing

Moradi Hamzeh, Chen Jianbo

Статья научная

Code-switching and code-mixing are considered dynamic conversational phenomena in interpersonal interactions, that is an alteration between two or more languages, dialectal variants, language registers, and it is an effective communicative strategy which Persian-English bilinguals consider a genuine thing in their ordinary speech practice. The focus of the present study is on the structural analysis of reverse code-switching between Persian and English that are known to be referred to two typologicallydifferent languages. Participants of the present research, all late bilinguals, reported on frequent use of code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM) in everyday language practice. CS/CM is quite normal and frequent among Iranian bilinguals, especially in informal settings where bilingual speakers can freely switch between their languages. Furthermore, the results revealed that Iranian bilinguals switch from English to Persian and in verso mostlyat the lexical and the phrasal levels (intrasentential switching mode), but less frequently at the clausal or the sentence level (intersentential switching mode). The research states that there are some restrictions on inserting English verbs into the Persian syntactic frame: the Persian language is thought to be the matrix language and the preverbal part comes from English as the embedded language, such incongruity between the morphosyntactic structure and the verbal system of the Persian and English languages impose some constraints on the occurrence of switching codes between the pair of the languages under study.

Бесплатно

Study of Mitigation: Matrix of Mitigation Means, Two-Steps Analysis and Ethnocultural Profile Composing

Akhmetzyanova P.A., Takhtarova S.S.

Статья научная

The article proposes an original approach to the analysis of mitigation means in political discourse. The main goals of the study are: to present the matrix of mitigation means in the English and German languages; to propose a two-level framework for analysing mitigation, covering the formal and pragmatic dimensions of the communicative situation; and to establish a link between the speech, its mitigating elements, and the communication patterns specific to an ethnic culture under scrunity. The need for a pragmatic analysis of every communicative situation is reasoned by the facts that the same language marker can act as both a mitigation and a non-mitigation device depending on the context. The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the ethnocultural factors of communication (more specifically, the mitigation) are understudied. The examination was completed on the basis of the House of Commons' and the Bundestag's transcripts of sessions devoted to the COVID-19 pandemics. The choice of material ensures comparability across two languages and cultures. The methods applied were analysis and synthesis; full-text sampling; intention analysis; content analysis; corpus analysis using AntConc software to search for mitigation means for proposition and deictic mitigation; quantitative estimation. The research could be further developed to be used for other ethnicities, cultures and languages; a matrix of mitigation in other languages can be constructed.

Бесплатно

System-functional stratification of the average Turkish-Russian dictionary

Derbisheva Z.K., Kretov A.A.

Статья научная

The study is aimed at stratifying Rosa Yusipova’s Turkish-Russian Dictionary (2005) in accordance with the system and functional weights of its constituent words. The method is a parametric lexicon analysis (PLA), developed and tested byscientists of Voronezh State University. PLA involves identifying four particular parametric weights for each word. This is the FUNCTIONAL weight (F-weight is indirectly estimated by the length of the word), the PARADIGMATIC weight (P-weight is estimated by the number of synonyms), SYNTAGMATIC weight (C-weight is estimated by the number of phrases and utterances with this word) and EPIDIGMATIC weight (E-weight is estimated by the number of meanings of a word in the dictionary). For each of the 4 parameters, partial core, counting at least 1000 words, was allocated. The words presented in all 4 particular cores, entered a Small parametric core. Words presented in 3 particular cores entered an Average parametric core, words represented in 2 particular parametric cores - a Large parametric core and words presented in 1 particular parametric core entered the core of the Dictionary. Words that are not presented in any particular parametric core make up the Periphery of the Dictionary. The analysis revealed the words of all 4 cores of the dictionary: Small - 140 words, Middle - 630, Large - 3234, the core of the Dictionary - 6861 and the Periphery of the Dictionary counts 18236 words. The dominant (the most important word in the dictionary) was the word iş ‘work, labor’, and the vice-dominant - the word üst ‘the top’.

Бесплатно

Texts of different emotional classes and their topic modeling

Kolmogorova A., Sun Q.

Статья научная

The article is devoted to studying verbalization specifics of various emotional states in the texts in the Russian language with the purpose to confirm or refute the hypothesis that texts of different emotional classes reflect the denotative situation not identically, which is reflected in thematic specifics and lexical content. The research material consisted of eight corpus texts in the Russian language, which were extracted from the public pages of the social network VKontakte. The texts were selected according to emotional hashtags that corresponded to eight basic emotions, according to H. Lцvheim’s model: anger, surprise, shame, enjoyment, disgust, distress, excitement, fear. The correspondence of emotion and hashtag was established in a preliminary psycholinguistic experiment. While analyzing the text collection, we used the method of computer thematic modeling to identify statistically non-random groups of words (topics). We applied the BERTopic neural network model to the collected data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that texts of 8 emotional classes contain an uneven number of topics, despite the fact that their number does not correlate directly with the amount of data: with a relatively small amount of data, there may be many topics, but in a voluminous corpus - few. The sets of words (tokens) that make up each non-random group (topic) differ in each subcorpora, reflecting the specifics of the denotative situation, which is formed under the influence of the emotional state of the speaker. The idea of diverse thematic “granularity” of texts of different emotional classes is theoretically justified.

Бесплатно

The Affective Turn in Metamodernist Fiction and “New Sincerity”

Chemodurova Z.M.

Статья научная

The aim of the article is to analyze pragmatic strategies and mechanisms to enhance narrative empathy, the key notion of metamodernist fiction that distinguishes it from postmodernist and modernist literary texts. The article postulates foregrounding of emotivity markers in metamodernist texts as a linguistic manifestation of the cultural logic of "new sincerity" in the contemporary fiction that is characterized by the lack of an explicit ludic modality of postmodernist fiction and by stressing means of producing emotional resonance on the part of the reader and their active perspective-taking. The article makes an original contribution to cognitive stylistics, multimodal studies and narratology by hypothesizing polyphony of narrative "voices", second-person narrative and visual foregrounding as effective pragmalinguistic tools of triggering emotive and cognitive empathy that increases reader's immersion in metamodernist fictional worlds. Using the novels by M. Porter and J. Egan, the short stories by J.S. Foer and D. Eggers as its case studies, the article proves the relevance of viewing the "new sincerity" concept as a driving force behind the authorial empathy towards fictional characters, which enhances emotionogenic potential of metamodernist fiction and contributes to reader's engagement with modeled emotive situations. The findings of the research testify to the importance of further research into "new sincerity" and potential mechanisms of inducing reader's empathy which is justly considered a powerful instrument for promoting social interaction, helping readers of all ages to inhibit aggression and develop understanding of others' motives, emotions and desires.

Бесплатно

The Hint and Its Persuasiveness in Diplomatic Discourse

Guo Yingdong

Статья научная

The assertion that different types of hints exert varying degrees of persuasive effect has been empirically confirmed. However, how these different types of hints influence native and non-native audiences remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study, considering the characteristics of logical, textual and contextual hints in the Chinese diplomatic discourse, tests their persuasive potential and specificity when identified by native and non-native audiences. To achieve this goal an experiment was held: we recruited 90 participants, including 30 native speakers each of Chinese, Russian, and English, and conducted a comparative analysis using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) based on participants' accuracy rates. The results indicate that the persuasiveness of different types of hint is not fixed. Overall, logical hint tends to demonstrate stronger persuasiveness due to their higher logical consistency and lower dependence on contextual and cultural factors. A comparison of Chinese, Russian, and English participants shows that contextual hint is the most persuasive for Chinese participants because, for native speakers, greater implicitness is associated with stronger persuasiveness. Logical hint is the most persuasive for Russian participants, which may stem from their sensitivity to the logical structure of language. Textual hint is the most persuasive for English participants, which is consistent with the tendency of English, as a low-context language, to rely on explicit semantic markers within the text itself.

Бесплатно

The all-seeing eye ofthe city from the perspective of urban communication studies

Leontovich Olga A.

Статья научная

The research is carried out from the perspective of urban communication studies and uses the analytical sociolinguistic framework, which provides an opportunity to reveal the role of different semiotic signs in creating the image of a big city as an existential space. The paper focuses on surveillance as a common communication practice and investigates the system of Russian semiotic signs surrounding a citydweller as an object of surveillance. Signs construct the communicative situation of surveillance, which includes a subject, object, place, time, aim of surveillance and the consequences of actions seen as forbidden or undesirable. An important place in the study belongs to the notion of social visibility, which acquires a new meaning in the context of the research. The subjects of surveillance are unidentified representatives of power, whereas its objects are common citizens. Semiotic signs reflect the asymmetry of the social relationship between them (the subject of surveillance is invisible, the object is visible; the state demonstrates the paternalistic attitude towards its citizens). The modality of the message reflects the type of relationship between the subject and the object of surveillance and its social dynamics. The findings indicate that semiotic signs connected with surveillance become a powerful means of social stratification and regulate social relations in Russian urban discourse.

Бесплатно

The art of storytelling in the digital age: a multimodal perspective

Chemodurova Zinaida M.

Статья научная

Using Dan Brown’s Wild Symphony , Craig Silvey’s The Amber Amulet , and Jon McGregor’s In Winter the Sky as its case studies, this article attempts to explore a number of mechanisms and strategies contributing to the multimodal fiction construction and posing challenges for modern readers of all ages. The article proposes to examine multimodal resonance as a cognitive mechanism enhancing the emotional impact of multimodal stories on recipients and triggering the receptive mechanism of narrative empathy. Various semiotic resources, both free resources, such as photos, maps, and illustrations, and bound ones, including font types and typographical experiments, are analyzed from the standpoint of their role in fictional world creation. The article makes an original contribution to the Multimodal Stylistics Studies by hypothesizing the relevance of identifying two distinctive mechanisms of foregrounding: visual foregrounding as a range of formal ways to construct a multimodal text that focuses the reader’s attention with the help of free semiotic resources, and graphic foregrounding, which has bound semiotic resources at its heart. The findings of the research prove that it is the combination of elements of stylistic, cognitive and linguo-semiotic analyses that might provide a new and effective methodologyfor interpreting a multimodal literary text. The overall outcome testifies to the importance of further research into varied mechanisms of foregrounding as a complex phenomenon essential for our better understanding of the embodied character of reading.

Бесплатно

The artificial intelligence ideologeme in the multimodal it marketing discourse: a corpus-assisted study

Sokolova N.V.

Статья научная

The article focuses on investigating the specifics of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) ideologeme in the website discourse of software vendors. The material of the study is the website discourse of Microsoft . The linguo-conceptual and discursive analyses have resulted in identifying the most frequent lexemes in dictionary entries and constructing the nominative field of the AI concept. We have carried out a corpus-assisted study of the linguistic representation of the AI ideologeme in the Microsoft discourse using AntConc and extracted keywords and collocations, including metaphorical ones, which make the ideologeme explicit through keywords such as responsible , businesses , change , etc., collocations: AI-ready culture , AI-human partnership , etc., metaphors based on the actions of living beings such as drive , dive , etc. The keywords and collocations create the intention-driven positive ideologeme of AI as a phenomenon regulated by competent bodies and empowering businesses to drive the positive change, along with amplifying the capabilities of human beings. The nonverbal means of the AI ideologeme have been described within the representative and interactive dimensions such as pictures of living beings, colors of nature such as green and blue, and metaphorical perspectives contributing to the discursive affinity of AI and nature. The corpus-assisted study has resulted in identifying the discursive representation of the AI ideologeme which is different from that of the dictionary entries describing AI as a machine capability to copy the human behavior.

Бесплатно

1
...
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
...
В конец

Журнал