Modern state and forecast of water resources of Mongolia in the light of climate changes

Surface and groundwater resources play vital roles in the economy of Mongolia. Due to changes in water resources and regime, there is a decline, as well as the complete disappearance of certain types of vegetation and wildlife. An important task is to study the current state of the water resources of Mongolia and their forecast in the face of climate change. The article summarizes the changes in the surface waters in Mongolia. There is a decrease in surface runoff, the area of lakes and glaciers in the XX century. According to RegCM4-ECHAM5 and RegCM4-HadGEM2 models, precipitation and respectively runoff is projected to increase and simultaneously, evaporation from water surface and evapotranspiration are expected drastically increase, that will lead to imbalance of water, drying effect will be prevailing in a river basins. It is urgent issue to take adaptive measures against negative impacts of climate changes.