Статьи журнала - Вестник Витебского государственного технологического университета
Все статьи: 826
A sol - gel approach for realization of textiles with reduced transmission for NIR light
Статья научная
Sol - gel technology is a versatile method for the functionalization of textiles. This study reports on the use of an industrial sol - gel product in combination with an IR absorber to create textiles with a reduced transmission for near infrared light (NIR light). Sol - gel coatings with increasing content of IR absorber are applied on cotton and polyester fabrics. A regular distribution of the coating agents on the textile fabrics is reached. Analytical methods used are scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), optical transmission spectroscopy in diffusive arrangements and heat measurements by infrared heat camera. The applied coatings lead to a significant decrease of transmission in optical range of near infrared light (700 nm to 1400 nm). Further, heat up - take properties of the produced textiles are improved as well as the heat keeping properties. Finally, it can be stated that the realized materials can support a certain protection against infrared light. Additionally, they can be also applied as heat collecting materials. Such dual functional textiles could lead to applications in out - door clothes for winter situation there the combination of protection against UV and IR light is wished and ideally combined with a warming effect by heat collections from absorbing of IR light.
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Analyzing China's economic growth model
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of China's economic growth, as well as the transformation of its factors at various stages of the country's development. The object of the research is the contemporary economy of China. The subject of this research is the factors of China's economic growth at the present stage and in the near future. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of China's development and develop a model of its economic growth. The scientific novelty of the research results is expressed by the identification of the actual factors of China's economic growth, as well as by the development of a mathematical model describing the economic growth of China at the present stage of its development. The developed model can be used to predict China's economic growth.
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Digital skills for textile, apparel and shoe industry development
Статья научная
In the article, staff skills are considered as a source of competitive advantages. It has been determined that in the context of the digitalization of the economy, the requirements for staff skills are increasing, labor becomes hybrid, the lack of digital skills slows down the process of digital transformation, which is necessary for textile, apparel and shoe industry to maintain competitiveness. The article presents the results of a study of the staff skills at an apparel enterprise, conducted by a survey method based on the author's questionnaire. In the study framework, based on the self - assessment of staff, an assessment of the demand for skills in a particular workplace, an assessment of the mismatch and requiring improvement skills, as well as the interest of the staff in skills development have been done. The methodological approach has been tested on the example of an apparel company and allows to identify mismatches of skills, as well as to create staff training programs aimed at reducing the mismatch and ensuring the development of the organization's competitive advantages by increasing the matching of skills to the requirements of jobs.
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Empirical research of youth employment and unemployment in Belarus (regional aspect)
Статья научная
This article analyzes labour situation for young people from the region of Belarus. The features of the youth labour market are examined. The research is focused on the methodological differences between Belarusian approach to labour market statistics and ILO's approach. The labour situation for young people in one of the Belarusian regions is described using analysis of the data obtained from empirical research. The article represents results of youth employment and unemployment level assessment, which were received during the survey of the group of 307 young people at the age of 15-29 years by means of questionnaire for households survey on employment issues developed according to ILO's methodology. According to the survey the youth employment level in Vitebsk Region accounted for 36.8 % with the unemployment level being 10.3 % i.e. the actual youth unemployment level is higher than a registered one in Belarus and it is comparable in value to the level in other countries...
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Energy-saving technology of preparing cotton fabrics for dyeing
Статья научная
The purpose of the work is to develop a bioscouring technology, which results in the maximum purification of cotton fabric from impurities with minimal damage to the fiber - forming polymer. As a result of the research, it was found that in order to achieve the required degree of purification from impurities and maximum wettability, it is advisable to use combined biochemical methods of preparation, consisting of sequential treatment with enzyme preparations and a traditional alkaline scouring solution at low concentrations of its constituent components. Thanks to the use of non - toxic biodegradable enzymes in the technology of preparing cotton textile materials for dyeing, it is possible to reduce the concentration of traditional liquid reagents by further loosening the fiber structure and creating conditions for a deeper and more complete removal of impurities. Thus, there is a reduction in the concentration of NaOH by 2 times, a reduction in the duration of treatment in an alkaline solution, as well as exposure to high temperature by more than 2 times.
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Статья научная
The digitalization of the social and economic space is an objective regularity in the development of scientific and technological progress and it is characterized by new methods of generating, processing, storing, transferring information in all spheres of human activity. This phenomenon has affected the clustering processes. Clusters play a significant role in the country's economy. China's experience in the organization of clusters is analyzed in the article. Clustering processes in the Republic of Belarus is investigated. Summarizing the experience of China, the directions for the development of clustering in Belarus in the context of the digitalization of the economy are formulated.
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Finishing of cotton and polyester fabrics using chitosan-containing recipes
Статья научная
With the increased stress in people’s daily lives, the secretion of sweat from the human body has steadily increased. Therefore, textile industries continue to introduce various products to meet consumers’ demands. Thus far, people use more cotton and polyester fabrics among other textile fabrics in their daily usage or total living period. Textile products, especially those made from cellulose fibers such as cotton, can promote the growth of microorganisms due to their high surface area and moisture retention. In contrast to cellulosic materials, polyester contains no chemically functional or hydrophilic groups. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure wearers’ protection as both cotton and polyester can create unwanted odors due to the decomposition of sweat by microorganisms. The application of chitosan on textile substrates is a useful approach for textile functionalization. Chitosan has been reported as a popular finishing agent due to its intrinsic properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non - toxicity, abundance in nature, antimicrobial, and antistatic ability, etc. In this study, the solution of chitosan was applied to 100 % cotton and polyester fabrics using a common pad - dry - cure technique. The resulting fabrics were characterized by drop - test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and color measurement. Thus, this study presents a small overview of the finishing using chitosan - containing recipes on both cotton and polyester fabrics.
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Foreign experiences of government audits and China’s response
Статья научная
This article discusses the problems of conducting government audits, which include checking the administration itself (government programs). The demand for performance auditing has increased in recent years. This article describes foreign experience in conducting state audits. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of government audit systems used in China with foreign systems implemented in some Western countries and the United States. As a result, a theory of external audit will be built. This analysis is based on information from the Ministry of Finance and National Statistics of China.
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Machine vision digital technology for non-contact quality control of garment manufacturing
Статья научная
Despite many years of automation experience, the final inspection stage has not yet been digitized. At sewing enterprises, traditionally, the detection of defects in batches of finished clothes is carried out by contact method by the employees of the technical control department. The aim of the study is to develop a method for recognizing technological and design defects that reduce the grade of products for remote monitoring of the quality of sewing semi - finished products and finished products using a computer vision software - and - hardware complex. An analysis of the existing methods for identifying visual information has shown that to achieve the task, the Haar cascade classifier can be used, which makes it possible to recognize scanned objects with a high degree of reliability by comparing the characteristics of images with templates. The authors have developed the GarmentScanner software and hardware system, which reads visual information using machine vision, classifies it using the Viola/Jones algorithm based on the calculation of the total brightness of pixels in arbitrary rectangular areas, and performs metric actions. At the current stage of the study, the GarmentScanner software works with photographic images of finished products of flat shapes (t - shirts, shorts). The following attributes were selected as the tested attributes: the coordinates of the base and reference points on the product (in accordance with the model features); the symmetry of the contour; the conformity of the dimensions of a particular model to the reference sample (according to the table of measures). Approbation of GarmentScanner work is carried out at outsourcing sewing enterprises in China, cooperating with Russian design agencies. An additional effect from the use of GarmentScanner was the reduction of conflict situations in production, arising against the background of different interpretations by customers from Russia and outsourcing contractors of the concept of "production quality and its rejection".
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Prerequisites and factors of ICT sector development in eastern partnership countries
Статья научная
The article analyzes the ICT sector in the Eastern partnership countries and identifies the factors influencing the development of the Internet economy. The rating of the e - government of the Eastern partnership countries was assessed; the main trends in the development of the startup industry were considered; recommendations for the development of the ICT sector for the Eastern partnership countries were developed.
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Shear angle effect on the engineering constants of woven fabrics
Статья научная
Fabrics play a key role when used as both reinforced material for composites and simply as apparels. In textile industry, fabric geometrics and weave pattern play a key role in the overall behaviour, mechanical response and general feel and texture of a piece of fabric. The engineering constants of are highly important parameters since the materials are largely orthotropic in nature. It is therefore, pertinent to investigate the effect of some key parameters on the engineering constants of a material, especially when they are used for HSE critical purposes such as reinforced composites employed in the design of aircraft wings, fuselages and other parts. The effect of shear angle on the six engineering constants is investigated using Ansys Material Modeler. Material properties are shown in Table 2 and gotten from measurement from the lab. The model was automatically achieved by inputting the textile geometrics, and generating the RVE, applying the boundary conditions, periodicity of the model and running the simulation. The material properties are given in Table 1, and are deduced from experimental data. To further expound the work, the effect of geometric properties such as fabric thickness, yarn width and yarn spacing will be explored in subsequent work.
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Study of the investment potential of the Smolensk region and the directions of its increase
Статья научная
Despite numerous statements from potential investors about the unstable political environment, poorly conceived tax policy, political and economic risks, there is a steady interest in investing in certain sectors of the economy and regions of Russia. The subject of scientific research is the analysis and forecasting of the investment potential of the Smolensk region. The purpose of the scientific research is to develop and justify measures to increase the investment potential of the Smolensk region through the development of a cluster approach. The methodological basis of scientific research consists of analytical methods, study and analysis of the existing research base, creative understanding. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, resolutions and decrees of the Administration of the Smolensk region in the field of investment policy, as well as statistical reporting data on the development of the investment sector in the Smolensk region. The practical significance of scientific research lies in the development of the project "Creation of an industrial and logistics park for the procurement, storage and distribution of raw materials" as the basis for creating a timber cluster in the Smolensk region. It was determined that in the Smolensk region the Department of investment development of the Smolensk region is engaged in the analysis and forecasting of investment potential, which is an executive body of the Smolensk region that performs executive and administrative functions in the field of investment activities; the development of small and medium - sized businesses; the development of international, interregional relations, communications with the Republic of Belarus in the framework of the Treaty on the Establishment of the Union State of 08.12.1999; regional and border cooperation and industry on the territory of the Smolensk region. The Smolensk region, thanks to the available resources, has established itself as an attractive territorial platform for attracting investments. Regional authorities of the Smolensk region in order to attract investment in the region use a variety of mechanisms: legal, organizational and economic. Despite the existing risks from the labor, production, institutional components of the investment potential, competent investment policy of the Smolensk region made it possible to increase the investment rating of the region.
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Статья научная
The subject of the research is the study of theoretical approaches and applied assessments of the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty. The article analyzes modern theoretical concepts that explain the direction of the influence of CSR on the perception of consumers, identifies the following advantages that CSR creates for business entities: attracting new consumers, improving the consumer perception of the organization, strengthening competitive advantages in the market and expanding opportunities for attracting capital, improving social and psychological well-being of workers. The article reflects the results of an empirical study of CSR practices in Lebanon, confirming the positive perception of CSR programs by the business community. The directions of development of the theory and practice of CSR in Lebanon are determined.
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Статья научная
Modernization of agriculture with the use of the latest digital technologies is one of the key global trends today. The authors found that in the context of sustainable development, the digital transformation of the economy is one of the key elements in building a technological information society based on ongoing social - and - economic processes. The purpose of the study is to identify the need for the modernization of agriculture in the digital economy, which improves the quality of sectoral management. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the main policy documents approved for the medium and long term and related to the development of agriculture in the context of the digitalization of the economy; assessment of the main indicators of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Belarus; identification of the main problems of agricultural development. The analysis made it possible to develop the main directions for the development of agriculture in the context of digitalization, which can be used to make managerial decisions by republican and regional government bodies in the formation and implementation of regional and state programs for the development of the agroindustrial complex.
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Автоматизация операции сочетания размеров и ростов в раскладках лекал швейных изделий
Статья научная
Разработана программа, позволяющая составлять сочетания размеров и ростов в раскладке по принципу последовательного возрастания площадей лекал швейных изделий. Программа написана для операционной системы Windows на языке программирования java 1.6, позволяющего разрабатывать электронные приложения практически любой сложности.
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Автоматизация подбора шаблона технологической цепочки получения пряжи
Статья научная
Статья посвящена методике решения одной из задач САПР прядильного производства – задачи подбора шаблона технологической цепочки по заданным параметрам сырья и требуемым значениям параметров получаемой пряжи. Методика основана на последовательном или рекуррентном уточнении дискретных, или дискретизированных параметров технологической цепочки. Для определения значения каждого из параметров используется метод построения классификационных деревьев, позволяющий предсказывать принадлежность наблюдений или объектов к тому или иному классу категориальной (выходной) переменной в зависимости от соответствующих значений одной или нескольких предикторных (входных) переменных.
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Статья научная
Разработан специализированный программный продукт, позволяющий создать шкалы процентного распределения типовых фигур женщин по размерам и ростам, по полнотным группам для отдельных регионов и в целом для Республики Беларусь. Данная разработка может быть использована для обработки массивов данных последующих антропометрических исследований населения.
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Автоматизация процесса получения и обработки плантограмм
Статья научная
Статья посвящена вопросу автоматизации процесса получения плантограмм стоп и разработке программного обеспечения для их обработки в автоматическом режиме. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ бесконтактных методов получения плантарной поверхности стопы с использованием современных цифровых и информационных технологий и обоснована целесообразность применения в качестве измерительного устройства цифровой фотокамеры. Разработана специальная установка для бесконтактного снятия плантограмм и универсальное программное обеспечение, позволяющее анализировать цифровое изображение стопы, рассчитывать ее необходимые размерные характеристики и сохранять результаты на жестком диске. Разработанная методика позволяет избежать больших затрат времени на получение необходимых антропометрических данных, упростить трудоемкий процесс обработки плантограмм и обеспечить высокую точность полученных результатов.
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Автоматизация технических средств защиты водных объектов от нефтяных загрязнений
Статья научная
Актуальным является вопрос автоматизации технических средств, предназначенных для ликвидации аварийных разливов нефти и нефтепродуктов на водных объектах. Целью данной работы была автоматизация разработанных нами технических средств защиты водных объектов от нефтяных загрязнений. Разработаны комбинированный механический бон и комбинированная механическая платформа с элементами автоматизации. Данные технические устройства локализации и ликвидации нефтяных загрязнений позволяют более эффективно бороться с аварийными разливами нефти на водных объектах в различных условиях.
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Автоматизированное проектирование гобеленовых тканей новых структур
Статья научная
Целью работы является автоматизация процессов проектирования новых современных мебельно-декоративных тканей сложных структур с использованием классических гобеленовых переплетений и гобеленовых переплетений нового вида. Разработан программный продукт, позволяющий рассчитывать значения уработки нитей основы в зависимости от структурных характеристик ткани, визуализировать внешний вид гобеленовой ткани с целью подбора ткацких эффектов для цветовых фрагментов жаккардового рисунка основных гобеленов и выявления необходимости внесения изменений в сырьевой состав, структуру, цвет нитей основы и утка. Произведена апробация нового программного продукта, в результате которой в условиях РУПТП «Оршанский льнокомбинат» и ОАО «Витебский комбинат шёлковых тканей» разработаны и внедрены в производство современные мебельные ткани сложного строения с использованием переплетений нового вида. В результате апробации установлено: - использование программного продукта не только позволяет визуализировать ткацкие эффекты и определять уработку нитей основы, но и сокращает временные и материальные затраты на проектирование гобеленовых тканей; - автоматизация процессов проектирования мебельно-декоративных тканей сложного строения с помощью разработанного программного продукта позволяет оптимизировать структуры и цветовые решения жаккардовых тканей любого сырьевого состава, вырабатываемых на ткацких станках и жаккардовых машинах различных конструкций, в том числе с электронным управлением.
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