Analysis of the reasons and consequences of the trade war between China and the USA

The article examines the development of trade relations between the United States and China from 1949 to 2025. A key milestone was China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, after which trade volumes increased dramatically. However, restrictions on Chinese investment and exports began under the administration of Barack Obama. A sharp escalation occurred during the first presidential term of Donald Trump when large-scale duties were imposed on Chinese goods. In 2025, the «second trade war» began, accompanied by new tariffs and China’s retaliatory measures. Special attention is paid to technological confrontation, including restrictions on the export of high-tech products, struggle for control over rare-earth metals, and the transformation of China’s image from an economic partner to a strategic adversary of the United States.