Economics, political science, society and culture. Рубрика в журнале - Arctic and North
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the current state and problems of social and economic development of the region located in the Arctic zone of Eastern Siberia at the territory of two entities of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk region and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the catchment of rivers Khatanga and Anabar, running into Laptev Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The possibilities, restrictions and prospects of implementation of priority investment projects of development of mineral raw material resources of the region are considered. Feasibility of forming of the aqua-territorial industrial complex (ATIC) based on the use of the integrated transport logistics of the Northern Sea Route and rational schemes of power supply in the region is shown. Scientific, methodical, organizational, economic tasks on development of strategy of forming of Khatanga-Anabar ATIC are considered.
Бесплатно
Studying the Russian Arctic: the experience of political analysis
Статья научная
The authors discuss the main directions of the political science study of the issues of development of northern regions of the country, the theoretical and applied research in the field of strategic management processes of spatial and territorial development of the North and the Russian Arctic. Key areas of political studies on the management of these processes are systematized and summarized, the main external and internal issues of the Arctic and subarctic regions of the country are analized, connected with the quality of the political process control systems of their spatial and social development. The mechanisms of accounting of interests of key actors in the North of Russia are investigated, recommendations for improving process of control mechanisms of spatial and social development of the northern regions of the country are given. The researchers specify the development of a new paradigm of considering the North and the Russian Arctic, involving the recognition of the value of the northern territories, not only as a resource base of the country, but mostly as social formations.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The damage caused to the natural environment of the Arctic in recent years is too large and requires removal. The elimination of environmental damage requires large investments. In conditions of limited financial resources it is necessary to select the most efficient projects. The evaluation of environmental and economic efficiency of projects of the elimination of the last environmental damage can become the tool of such selection, based on the cost-benefit analysis, this evaluation consists of accounting of non-market environmental effects of restoring the environment of the Arctic. The article presents an algorithm of such evaluation and selection of projects and examples of its application.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article deals with the results of the 2 years of the US chairmanship of the Arctic Council, notes positive results and draws attention to the weak points of the US Arctic policy. It reveals that the US has chaired the AC to solve its own problems related to the Arctic. The authors also analyze the ministerial meeting in Fairbanks (Alaska) and describe the current Russian position in the Arctic. The foundations of the Finnish Arctic policy and the analysis of the first statements of politicians and experts helps the author to predict the Finland's plans for the chairmanship in the Arctic Council 2017–2019, and its possible impact on settling differences in Russian-American and Russian- Western European relations. In addition, it is important to take a closer look at the role of the Finland’s chairmanship in strengthening the Russian-Finnish cooperation in the run-up of the 100 anniversary of the independent Finnish state (December 2017). It is found that in contrast to Canada, the United States did not transfer the existing contradictions between the US and Russia to the work of the Arctic Council. It largely contributed to the positive results of the US chairmanship, especially on the development of multilateral cooperation of the coast guards, international fisheries in the Arctic Ocean and the problems of communication networks in the Arctic.
Бесплатно
The Arctic Region as a Space for Trans-disciplinary, Resilience and Peace
Статья научная
The article is based on report of Professor Lassi Heininen at the international conference "Ensuring security and sustainable development of the Arctic region, the preservation of ecosystems and traditional lifestyles of indigenous peoples of the Arctic", which was held in the framework of the V International meeting of representatives of the Member States of the Arctic Council, observer States and foreign scientific public on 15—16 September 2015 in the city of Arkhangelsk1. During the period in after the Cold War has been carried out successfully transition from military confrontation to the Political stability and increasing international cooperation. New circumstances and uncertainty may jeopardize the stability of the existing. Lassi Heininen believes that none of us would like to open a new front in the Arctic — we are experienced and wise enough not to do so.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This article examines the legal status of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), which has been a subject of dispute between the Soviet Union\Russia and the United States for over fifty years. The main legal issue of the analysis is the question whether straits of the Northern Sea Route are international, where the freedom of navigation applies, or whether the straits are internal waters of Russia and they are subjected to national rules of navigation. The case of the Northern Sea Route straits is considered from a historical perspective and with references to relevant provisions of the contemporary international law of the sea. A similar dispute between Canada and the USA over the Northwest Passage is assessed as well. The author concludes that the USA has a disadvantageous position in the disputes due to difficulties in proving that both routes can meet necessary criteria for international straits developed by the international law. So far, the debate on legal status of the NSR waters is more of theoretical nature and has no practical implications. However, the situation might change with the Arctic sea ice melting and Russia planning to use the NSR on a much larger international scale.
Бесплатно
The climatic conditions of the Arctic and new approaches to the forecast of the climate change
Статья научная
The properties of climate variability are represented resulting from the special statistical analysis of observations of the world meteorological network of stations, taking into account the features of the northern regions. By the example of air temperature free and forced oscillation of characteristics of the climate system in their interaction are considered. There are formulated new ideas about the structure of the oscillations and the possible causes of climate change. A statistical model of a periodic nonstationarity of climate is suggested for forecasting climate variations for next two decades and there is suggested a model for monthly and seasonal weather forecasts for the next year. The practical importance of predictive research is particularly high in the harsh climate of the north, where the climate is one of the limiting factors of industrial development of the northern regions.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article is dedicated to the strategic issues of the ethnic policies’ development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Nowadays the academic knowledge of constitutional law and political science doesn’t demonstrate clear understanding of the Russian ethnic national policy model in the Arctic, there are no comprehensible definitions and criteria, which could be used to estimate the present and desired model satisfying interests of the state and polytechnic society. It is also important to note that the course of certain ethnic processes in Russia and in the Russian Arctic is determined by the state mechanism. Its main instrument is the regulation of public relations with legal and political methods. In this article, the authors tried to understand the political and legal mechanism of the current Russian ethnic policy model in the Arctic. The practical goal is to develop proposals for improving its main components to form a more advanced policy model. The authors identified ten basic elements of the ethnopolitics of Russia in the Arctic zone, embodied in political and legal institutions (including the author’s theoretical ideas about conceptual and categorical apparatus), and indicated eight practical proposals for improving this model.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The study investigates the lexical system of urbanonyms, the theoretical foundations of cultural linguistics, the structure of urbanonym is designated, the functions and tasks of the nomination are considered. The analysis of the names of the Arkhangelsk was carried out, and functions of urbanonyms are revealed at this database. The statement that the nomination process (creating of urbanonyms) is stipulated by several factors such as the actual linguistic, extralinguistic and linguacultural ones, was confirmed. The most important factor is the social and cultural situation. In practical terms the results of the study can be used in a high school teaching of cultural linguistics, onomastics, in practice of linguistic and cultural expertise.
Бесплатно
The geological heritage of academic expeditions on the Arctic coast of European Russia
Статья научная
The work briefly describes the history and research results of geology of the Arctic territories. It reflects the scientific results obtained during field works of the Institute of Geology of Komi Science Centre of the UB of the RAS since 1958. The data on geological collections from the Arctic territories of the North- Eastern part of the East European platform, Timan and the Northern Ural with islands Vaigach, Novaya Zemlya is given. Geological Museum named after A.A. Chernov can be a regional research and education core for the conservation of historical, cultural and natural heritage of Arctic.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The author presented a systematic comparison and author's interpretation of the level and dynamics of social and economic processes in the Arctic countries using statistical indexes of various international institutions, scientific and educational institutions of the Western countries. The article is also focused on the circumstances affecting the change of Russia's place in the world rankings. The article is aimed at contributing to the adjustment of management of the Russian Federation as an institutional background of acceleration of its economic and social development aimed at achieving a worthy place in the world rankings.
Бесплатно
The international image of the state as an instrument of soft power
Статья научная
The international image of the state as an instrument of soft power is revealed on the example of Russia as one of the Arctic states. The analysis of the main aspects of the international image of Russia, a set of causes and factors that influence the perception of Russia abroad have been analyzed. The specific of the international image making of Russia is discussed.
Бесплатно
The new economic crisis: a regional projection
Статья научная
The economic situation in Russia continues to worsen because of multiple factors. Analysis of the economic situation of the Arkhangelsk region 1999—2015 reveals an earlier manifestation of the negative effects of economic recession. Currently, the crisis is manifesting itself in the reduction of investment, increase in unemployment rates, fluctuations of prices for some industrial products. The forecast for the end of the year 2015 and for 2016 is not encouraging also.
Бесплатно
The new theory of the Arctic and Northern development: multi-scale interdisciplinary synthesis
Статья научная
After the bright achievements of the Soviet development school in the past 30 years, there was a long pause. Meanwhile, the need for a broad scientific generalization of practical efforts to deploy large and small economic projects in the Arctic and the North is enormous. The authors set the task of develop-ing a new complex theory of the North and the Arctic development, which would be a synthesis of the best achievements of the Soviet school, foreign frontier studies and the modern regional science studies of the innovative development. In the authors’ view, its key feature is the emphasis on local development and the endogenous factors of the development, which had no attention before. Constructive synthesis of external and internal factors of colonization should be formed “from below”, from the territory itself, not from the federal center. Four new research priorities in the new study of the North and the Arctic development are identified and described in detail with a focus on: the analysis of local institutional capital; conflicts and contradictions of the natural resource development; the evolution of the settlement system; and the inter-action of large and small forms of development of the territory. The new ideology of studying the Northern and Arctic development is supposed to be tested during the field and expeditionary study in the North and the Arctic regions.
Бесплатно
The objectives and strategy of the spatial development (the case of the Solovetsky archipelago)
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the objectives and working-out of the strategy of the spatial development. The correlation of goals and strategies is shown, their role in the management of the territory is determined. Using the example of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the mechanism of conducting the SWOT analysis was reviewed, the system of strategic goals was analyzed, and the model of the integrated spatial development strategy was presented. The methods of morphological and comparative analysis, synthesis, and modeling were used. The necessity of more complete correspondence of the mission, goals and strategy, as well as their correspondence to the factors of the internal and external environment of the development of the territory was identified. The importance of working out of comprehensive strategy of the territory aimed at its sustainable development is substantiated.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The problem of lack of training of northerner children with special needs to adulthood is investigated using the definition of independence, and possible solution to this problem is to implement such a technology of social work as social project planning. The phenomenon of self-sufficiency is analyzed as a criterion of maturity and features of formation of such quality for children with special needs. The possibilities of social project planning in the frame of preparation of northerner children with special needs to adult independent living are conceptually stated. Empirical research conducted in January — May 2016 by the expert survey with the help of a specially designed questionnaire. In the process of realization of the project "School of independence for children with disabilities in the North" in Arkhangelsk the technique of social project planning has been tested. According to the results of the study, the specific recommendations addressed primarily to non-profit organizations have been developed. Formation of independence will enhance the borders of safe and comfort life for northerners with special needs and disabilities in adverse climatic conditions. In the frame of implementation of the social engineering technique the creation of the "Arctic school of independence for northerners with special needs" is possible.
Бесплатно
The study of public opinion on industrial mining in the Nefteyugansk district of Yugra
Статья научная
In this article, we consider the views of respondents on the industrial development of mineral deposits on the example of the Nefteyugansky district, Yugra. The analysis of views regarding the development of mineral deposits represents a comparative sociological study. It summarizes the results of a poll conducted in 2015 on the territory of Nefteyugansk district and earlier studies done in 2008 and 2012. The results of polls showed that most respondents had positive sentiments to the industrial mining. On the other hand, in contrast to 2008, in 2015, the proportion of people, who opposed the commercial development of mineral resources, got bigger. At the same time, most respondents believed that industrial mining resulted in environmental degradation of the area (district) of their residence.
Бесплатно
The value of the Arctic for Russia's national security, China may become the Arctic Power
Статья научная
Consider the value of the Arctic for Russia's national security and strategic aspects of the Arctic itself. At the moment, the military- political situation in the Arctic seems not to be dangerous for Russia. Investigated the effects of reduced ice cover, which allows US Navy warships — aircraft carriers and cruisers and destroyers equipped with the “Aegis” system — to enter the Arctic waters. In this article possible scenarios of conflict and prospects of the geopolitical situation in the Arctic are examined. In future, China could purchase one of the islands of Iceland. Such a possession would automatically make China an Arctic Power.
Бесплатно
The “keep in the ground future” of Arctic fossil fuel resources
Статья научная
It is extremely important to understand which role Arctic fossil fuel resources will play in the development and geopolitics of the Arctic region. The article analyses the recent trends in the world energy supply with special focus on renewable energy and future demand for fossil fuels. Focusing on the Arctic LNG projects it comes to the conclusion that there is a growing possibility that the majority of Arctic oil and natural gas will be kept in the ground. Such an outcome would strongly influence the sustainable development and geopolitics of the region.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Archival documents and sociological field materials lead to some study results on the development of the traditional economy on the Arctic and North territories of Yakutia in the post-Soviet period — 1990s–2000s. The author considered the following issues: environmental and economic zoning, the historical discourse of the traditional economy in the context of agrarian policy in 1990s and some theoretical approaches to studying the phenomenon of the traditional way of life and the economy of the indigenous peoples of the North. In the first post-Soviet decade, we see a gradual decrease in the number of the northern livestock. The most vulnerable were the northwestern coastal areas with predominant reindeer herding. Sociological data on the second post-Soviet decade enabled us to identify three directions in the preliminary typology of the traditional economy of the indigenous peoples of the North Yakutia.
Бесплатно
