Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy farming, in clinical and subclinical form it is diagnosed in more than 50% of cows. Currently, various drugs and methods are used to treat mastitis. The article presents data on the effectiveness of the use of the preparation Ceftonit and preparation on the basis of cefquinome sulfate in the treatment of various forms of clinical mastitis during lactation. For the treatment of mastitis, the cows used the preparation Ceftonit®, Nita-Farm Russia, containing in its composition 50 mg/ml of ceftiofur, which is used in comparison with imported drug containing in its composition 25 mg/ml cefquinome sulfate. As a result of researches, it is established that the drug Ceftonit in the treatment of clinical mastitis in cows is not found in the milk of BRT by the AIM test and shows 100% therapeutic efficacy with an average recovery time of animals 5.5 days. Disease recurrence in the form of subclinical mastitis in the treatment with the drug Ceftonit was from 25 to 33%, and in the treatment with the drug based on cefkinom sulfate the number of relapses was greater and amounted to 44.44%. The use of the drug Ceftonit® for the treatment of mastitis does not lead to the culling of milk due to the presence of antibiotics, in contrast to the drug based on cefkinom sulfate, which has a restriction on milk, as confirmed by our studies.

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Efficient aspect ratio of the wing with at winglets

Malikov Emin

Статья научная

In the article, by the method of the system of equations of steady horizontal flight the effective aspect ratio of the wing with AT winglet wingtips is explored. The total aerodynamic force, created by all four parts of the wingtips is determined. The vector of the total aerodynamic force of the wingtips is represented in the form of components of a linked coordinate system. Equilibrium equations for the steady rectilinear motion of an aircraft with AT winglets type wing tips in a horizontal flight are recorded. From these equations it is obtained that, in the direction of motion, the longitudinal component of the vector of the total aerodynamic force of the tips reduces the force of the drag of the wing, the vertical component is added to the lifting force of the wing and increases it, and the lateral component, due to the symmetry of the wing, is zero. The coefficient of inductive drag of the wing with the tips is written in the form of the difference in the inductive drag of the wing without the tip and the coefficient of the longitudinal component of the total aerodynamic force of the tips. Writing the coefficient of inductive drag of the wing with the tips in the traditional form through the coefficient of lift and aspect ratio of the wing, the expression for the effective wing aspect ratio with the AT winglets, which is longer without aerodynamic termination. An important consequence is that at the constant weight of the aircraft, the product of the effective wing aspect ratio with aerodynamic wingtips to its coefficient of inductive resistance is a constant value, independent of the kind of the wingtips. It is shown that with increasing flight speed, and also by reducing the inductive speed, the aspect ratio of the wing decreases.

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Efficient use and protection of the Lesser Caucasus nature reserves plant cover

Bayramova Ainur, Tagiyev Z.

Статья научная

While using food crops, feed crops, medicinal plants found in nature reserves criteria for the rare and endangered species should be met the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Although there is wild fruit spread in 12 Families, 22 Genera belong to 46 species are not used effectively in nature reserves. Appletree, Arachis, Pyrus, Sea Buckthorn, Mespilus, Crataegus, Rubus, Cornus, Ribes, etc. are considered expedient to use the raw material reserves of these fruits for industrial purposes.

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Eimeriosis in Small Ruminants in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

Shirinli A.

Статья научная

In the article under review, investigations conducted in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic focused on the species composition, biological characteristics, and morphological characteristics of Eimeria species parasitic in small-horned animals. As a result of the study, it was determined that seven different Eimeria species are parasitic in sheep and six in goats kept in the region. In order to monitor the dynamics of parasite development, observations were made on lambs and goats. The results showed that the excretion of coccidian oocysts in goats is observed on the 20-21 days after birth, and in lambs on the 22-23 days. Accordingly, during these periods, it was found that Eimeria ninaekohlyakimovae predominated in sheep, and Eimeria arloingi predominated in lambs.

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Electoral activity as factor of political socialization of youth

Jianmuratova Gulnosa

Статья научная

In given article is considered question to electoral activity as factor to political socialization youth. Future development of Uzbekistan society mainly dependent on youth; their professional knowledge degree, spiritual and behavioral qualities, especially their extent of electoral culture. We can estimate political behavior as youth’s articulating their position as citizens. An electoral activity represents the unique form in which subject of electoral process actively attends at election sand referendums for government organs according to their individual wishes. Electoral activity as a system consists of following elements: object, subject, objective, forms, circumstances, motives and norms, consequences and action process. Stability, independence, prosperity, military power, economic development indicators, security of national interest issues of the country and main activity base of society and government mainly dependent on the human factor. This plays a significant role in the process of modernization.

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Electric power terminology: structural and semantic aspects

Galiakberova Albina

Статья научная

The article under discussion is devoted to the study of general issues of terminology and terminological activity in the field of electric power on the material of English, Russian and Uzbek languages. The development of electric power industry affects the state of different industries and everyday life of people all over the world. This industry concerns energy production, transmission, distribution and sale. Accordingly, all countries of the world pay due attention to it, and states carry out obligatory regulation in this sphere. The author of the article examines semantic, morphological and syntactic features of renewable energy terminology in order to determine the most productive way of terminology in this scientific field.

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Electric vehicle charging scheduling and pricing based on Stackelberg game

Xiong Qiming, Zhang Zongnan, Bazhanov Andrei, Zhang Qi, Lu Jiahao

Статья научная

The disorderly charging and discharging of a large number of electric vehicles will have a serious negative impact on the safety and economic operation of the power system. In order to avoid safety problems and obtain maximum economic benefits, a master-slave game is proposed to model the maximization of profits for agents and car owners. In the upper model of the model, the optimization objective of the main body is to minimize the operating cost and minimize the load mean square error; in the lower model, the goal is to minimize the cost of electric vehicles; the particle swarm algorithm is used, and the model decoupling characteristics are used from the inside to the outside. Solve the Nash equilibrium point of the optimization model, obtain the set of optimal time-of-use electricity price and electric vehicle charging and discharging scheme, and finally obtain the global optimal pricing strategy. Various typical scenarios before and after optimization are compared and analyzed in detail through calculation examples, and the effect of the proposed model and the overall scheduling benefit are verified.

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Electronic manual development for the elective course “Complex numbers” in the Russian and English languages

Eremeeva Gusel, Nurkaeva Lilia

Статья научная

The article deals with the development of electronic manual for the elective course “Complex numbers” in the Russian and English languages. In the modern world you must have a complete understanding of the numbers to master mathematical culture, but currently methodological developments in the study of the theory of complex numbers in schools is relatively small and designed electronic manual for the elective course “Complex number” allows not only to improve the mathematical culture of students, but also to develop communicative competence. The aim of the research is to develop the electronic manuals for the elective course “Complex numbers” in two languages. The following methods were used: analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodical literature, analysis and synthesis of personal experience of the authors. The electronic manuals, presented in the form of a website, for the elective course “Complex numbers” in two languages became the result of the research. Materials of the article can be useful to enrich pedagogical knowledge, notably a deficiency in the study of complex numbers in the school mathematics course is made up. New ways of thinking at possibility of studying complex numbers in two languages opens up prospects for the development of both mathematical and communication skills. The results of the research can be used by teachers in the educational process in preparing students, pupils of 11 grades, as well as in improving mathematical and communicative culture of the general public.

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Emotive Expression in Text and Ways of Translation

Surkeeva D., Karabekova E., Ibraimova S.

Статья научная

Research relevance: there are isomorphic features of the investigated interjections in semantics, pragmatic terms and in structure. Research objectives: to reveal the emotional meaning of the Russian interjection Tsyts and the way of its translation into English and Kyrgyz languages. Research materials and methods: the authors use the method of translation and comparison of interjections in the literary works of M. Sholokhov “The Quiet Don”, Ch. Aitmatov “Farewell to Gyulsary” and M. Twain “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”. Research results: the isomorphic features of the studied interjections coincide in their pragmatic characteristics, structure, meaning and nominative function. Conclusions: In the languages under consideration, by their syntactic nature, they can act as independent sentences.

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Employing algorithms in cosmetic facial surgery

Tukeshov S., Nurdinov B., Mamatov U., Alybaev U., Kadyraliev U.

Статья обзорная

The aim is to evaluate the scientific literature on the creation and application of algorithms in clinical settings, with a focus on their efficacy. Material and methods. The literature search was performed using the databases Scopus, Medline (PubMed), eLibrary (in total: 32 scientific papers).

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Endemic plants of the Sumgayitchay river basin (Azerbaijan)

Aliyeva Dilruba

Статья научная

In the course of the study, endemic plants of the flora of the Sumgayitchay River basin were studied. A total of 265 species of endemic plants were studied, of which 215 species are characteristic of the Caucasus and 50 species are naturally distributed in the endemic zone of Azerbaijan. Endemic plants of the flora of the Sumgayitchay River basin are systematically analyzed for the presence of taxa. Of the 215 Caucasian endemic species, 36 species belong to the family Asteraceae, 27 to Fabaceae, 17 to Brassicaceae, 16 to Rosaceae, 14 to Poaceae, 14 to Caryophyllaceae and 10 to Ranunculaceae. Of the 266 species of higher plants listed in the Red Book of Azerbaijan, 62 rare and endangered plants are common in the Sumgayitchay River basin. Plants with a new habitat were taken into account, a new distribution area of 14 plant species was determined. The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Azerbaijan has submitted proposals for the conservation of the region’s biodiversity and the protection of flora.

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Endoscopic layout of esophageal-intestinal anastomosis in relation to versions of rehabilitation of alimentary tract after gastrectomy

Toigonbekov Aivar, Akhunbaev Stalbek, Umetov Maksat, Borbashev Tilek

Статья научная

This study offers findings of endoscopic research of patients with stomach cancer after surgery of gastrectomy with different versions of small intestine plastic surgery. Total number of patients exposed to the research is 130, divided into 3 groups. Findings: veracious decrease of esophagitis (p

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Energy Efficiency in Baku as a way to Reduce Emissions

Ismayilova S.

Статья научная

Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, as the country’s economic, industrial, and transportation hub, accounts for a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions. According to statistical data, approximately 40% of the country’s annual carbon emissions originate from Baku, posing substantial challenges to the city’s prospects for climate-resilient development. In recent years, the rate of CO₂ emissions in the country has been notable: between 2020 and 2023, emissions increased from 34,305 kilotons to 42,766 kilotons, representing an approximate 25% rise. Graphical projections indicate that if the current growth trend continues, national CO₂ emissions could reach 49,703 kilotons by the end of 2025. This increase is closely linked to the city’s energy consumption, industrial activity, and the sustainability of its transportation infrastructure. In the 21st century, climate change has emerged as one of the most critical environmental and social challenges on a global scale. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from human activities, particularly in the industrial, energy, and transportation sectors, are accelerating global warming. Cities, especially rapidly urbanizing regions, play a central role in this process, as high energy consumption, dense transportation flows, and intensive industrial activities constitute the main sources of carbon emissions. In this context, Baku’s transition to a climate-resilient urban model depends heavily on the implementation of energy efficiency measures. Enhancing building insulation systems, switching to LED lighting, applying smart thermostats, deploying electric buses, and integrating renewable energy technologies not only reduce energy consumption but also minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Mathematical models indicate that even a 3–5% annual reduction in energy use can result in significant CO₂ emission savings. This paper discusses the implementation of energy efficiency measures in Baku, their potential for emission reduction, and strategic directions for the city’s climate adaptation. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of strengthening energy policies and investing in renewable energy technologies based on projected CO₂ levels.

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Energy circuit of 1.3 MW with Brayton cycle

Zhang R., Bazhanov A.

Статья научная

In this paper, a constructive scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the principle of its operation is described in detail. The power circuit of the device has been drawn up. Complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of the power circuit. The frequency response of the circuit is constructed. As a result of the calculations, we will obtain the amplitude frequency response and the phase frequency response. Using the found values of the characteristics, we will build graphs and draw conclusions about how the characteristics depend on the change in parameters and why the graph lines of the graphs are exactly the way they are.

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Energy circuit of a thermal circuit with a direct-acting regulator with a capacity of 1 MW in pulsating mode

Han W., Maltsev S.

Статья научная

The purpose of the work is to describe the installation using differential equations and obtain approximate values before the experiment. In this paper, a constructive scheme of the experimental device is proposed, and the principle of its operation is described in detail. The power circuit of the device has been drawn up. Complex impedance, frequency function, amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic are obtained by mathematical transformation of the power circuit. The frequency response of the circuit is constructed. As a result of the calculations, we will obtain the amplitude frequency response and the phase frequency response. Using the found values of the characteristics, we will build graphs and draw conclusions about how the characteristics depend on the change in parameters and why the graph lines of the graphs are exactly the way they are.

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Energy transition policy and forest protection in the Republic of Mali and Azerbaijan: analysis of potentialities and assets for sustainable development

Togola A.

Статья научная

The energy transition is a challenge and an urgency for the world facing the scarcity of fossil fuels and their impacts in the ecosystems by climate change. Through this study, we wanted to assess the potential of new and renewable energies in the Republic of Mali and Azerbaijan in view of their promotion for the preservation of forest areas, in a world facing the challenges of global warming. The methodology was based on documentary collection and documentary exploitation and analysis of cartographic data, tables and other figures. The study revealed to us the high frequency of the potential of these so-called energies, especially solar in Mali and hydraulic, wind and solar in Azerbaijan and the commitment of the authorities of these States to promote the energy transition but also the dependence of these States on fossils such as: oil and gas. The Republic of Azerbaijan exports fossil fuels and Mali depends on imports. The transition to alternative energy resources will undeniably make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the global level and to preserve forest ecosystems in both countries.

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Energy-efficient non-autoclave aerated concrete based on local silica raw materials from production wastes

Asanalieva Zhyldyz

Краткое сообщение

Presents the results of studies (research) on the use of silica raw materials from the production waste of refinement tailings of antimony ores (or antimony ores refinement tailings) and basalt fiber waste, their influence on the quality characteristics of non-autoclave aerated concrete.

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Enhanced heat transfer of heat-exchange equipment by pulsating air flow

Jin Yudong, Levtsev Aleksei, Shi Yuanyuan

Статья научная

This paper designs a pulsating generator to provide pulsating air flow for experiments the relationship between the average flow velocity, pulse and pulsation amplitude and the pulsating flow enhancement heat transfer ratio was discussed respectively. The characteristics of the pulsating flow enhanced heat transfer were analyzed, and the academic research and engineering application of pulsating heat transfer was proposed. This inevitably has an optimal pulsating frequency value at which the maximum vortex generation can be obtained within one pulsation cycle to obtain maximum heat transfer effect, for example, in this experiment; the optimal frequency is 1-1.25 Hz. The effect of Reynolds number Re on the low-frequency pulsation convection heat transfer process is that the low-frequency pulsation can only enhance the convective heat transfer within a certain range of Reynolds numbers. If it exceeds this range, the convective heat transfer is weakened.

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Enhancing the effectiveness of urban public transport management on the basis of logistical approaches

Chogovadze Jumber, Gogiashvili Pridon, Kochadze Irakli, Lekveishvili Gocha

Статья научная

Study of urban public transport management on the basis of logistical approach today is of high relevance. For a long time, logistical concepts in transport have only been applied in the freight transport field of activities. However, logistical principles might be meaningful for systemic organization and management of civil passenger traffic. The given paper describes the use of logistical approach and technique in passenger transport, as a logistical chain of operators and infrastructure interacting through logistical links allowing for optimizing the production of transport services, meeting the needs of different population categories through the proper management of available economic resources. The paper proposes the use of logistical approaches in the systems of urban public transport. They should help to formulate the new principles of management, planning and control over material and their attendant flows, and to become the main competitive advantage in the market of transport services.

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Environmental Monitoring and Technological Assessment of Water Quality Degradation in Khojasan Lake (Azerbaijan)

Aliyev F., Yusifova M., Aliyev F., Zohrabbayli N.

Статья научная

This paper considers the ecological condition of Khojasan Lake on the Absheron Peninsula by drawing together available monitoring data and technical reports that describe recent changes in the lake’s water quality. A multi-parameter monitoring programme was implemented in 2023–2025, covering 41 physicochemical and hydrochemical indicators measured at three water depths. The analysis reflects how long-standing industrial use of the territory, rapid urban expansion, and alterations of natural drainage systems have shaped the current hydrochemical profile of the lake. The discussion focuses on several groups of indicators that are commonly applied in environmental assessments—salinity, nutrient enrichment, organic load, and suspended matter—because they provide the clearest picture of ongoing degradation processes. In parallel, the paper reviews technological options that have been proposed for improving water quality in arid and semi-arid regions, with particular attention to solar-powered treatment units, modified filtration systems, and low-maintenance monitoring devices suitable for continuous observation. A pilot MMF unit supplied by a photovoltaic array was operated under real field conditions. The treatment demonstrated substantial improvements in key performance metrics, including marked decreases in turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and biochemical oxygen demand, and notable reductions in dissolved metals such as iron, manganese, zinc, and others. Bringing these strands together makes it possible to identify the pressures that are most influential for Khojasan Lake today and to outline practical directions for future monitoring and management. The material is intended to serve as a consolidated reference for specialists involved in the restoration of inland water bodies on the Absheron Peninsula.

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