International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security @ijcnis
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security
Все статьи: 1201
Статья научная
UASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network) has intrinsic impediments, since it is utilized and utilizes acoustic signs to impart in the sea-going world. Examples include long delays in propagation, limited bandwidth, high transmitting energy costs, very high attenuation in the signal, expensive implementation and battery replacement etc. The UASN routing schemes must therefore take account of these features to achieve balance energy, prevent void hole and boost network life. One of the significant issue in routing is the presence of void node. A void node is a node that does not have any forwarder node. The presence of void may cause the bundle conveyance in the steering time which prompts information misfortune. The gap during steering influences the network execution regarding proliferation delay, vitality utilization and network lifetime, and so forth. So with the objective to remove the void node in the networks, this work presents an energy efficient optimal path routing for void avoidance in underwater acoustic sensor networks. This work uses the concept of gray wolf optimization algorithm to calculate the fitness function and that fitness function is used to select the best forwarder node in the networks. This work only consider the vertical directions which further reduces the end to end delay. The proposed work has been simulated on MATLAB and performances are evaluated in terms of broadcast copies of data, energy tax, and packet delivery ratio, number of dead nodes, network lifetime and delay.
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An Energy Efficient and Secure Clustering Protocol for Military based WSN
Статья научная
Less contiguous nature of military applications demands for surveillance of widespread areas that are indeed harder to monitor. Unlike traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a military based large size sensor network possesses unique requirements/challenges in terms of self-configuration, coverage, connectivity and energy dissipation. Taking this aspect into consideration, this paper proposes a novel, efficient and secure clustering method for military based applications. In any clustering based approach, one of the prime concerns is appropriate selection of Cluster Heads and formation of balanced clusters. This paper proposes and analyzes two schemes, Average Energy based Clustering (AEC) and Threshold Energy based Clustering (TEC). In AEC, a node is elected as Cluster Head (CH) if its residual energy is above the average energy of its cluster whereas in case of TEC, a node is elected as Cluster Head if its residual energy is above the threshold energy. Further, both AEC and TEC choose nodes as CHs if their distance lies within safety zone of the Base Station. In this paper, aim is to come up with a solution that not only conserves energy but balance load while electing safe nodes as CHs. The performance of proposed protocols was critically evaluated in terms of network lifetime, average residual energy of nodes and uniformity in energy dissipation of nodes. Results clearly demonstrated that AEC is successful in incorporating security whilst increasing overall lifetime of network, load balance and uniform energy dissipation.
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An Energy-Aware Data-Gathering Protocol Based on Clustering using AUV in Underwater Sensor Networks
Статья научная
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) consist of certain number of sensors and vehicles interacting with each other to collect data. In recent years, the use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) has improved the data delivery ratio and maximized the energy efficiency in UWSNs. Clustering is one of the effective techniques in energy management which increases the lifetime of these networks. One of the most important parameters in creating optimized clusters is the choice of appropriate cluster head (CH), which not only increases the lifetime of the network and the received data in the sink, but also reduces energy consumption. Clustering of networks was primary done via distributed methods in previous researches. It spends too much energy and also involves too many nodes in the clustering process and fades their main functionality, which is gathering data in sensor networks. It also causes more damping of the network. However, in the proposed protocol, instead of having them distributed by the network and the nodes, the stages of clustering and selecting the appropriate CH is the task of the AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle). Since all the necessary measures to cluster in the network will be carried out by the AUV by this method, many control overheads in the process of clustering the network will be removed and energy consumption caused by nodes reduces significantly. With this method, the network scalability will also be manageable and under control. For simulating and implementing our method we mainly used the OPNET software. The results show that energy consumption of nodes in the proposed algorithm has been significantly improved compared to previous results.
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An Enhanced Dynamic Mutual Authentication Scheme for Smart Card Based Networks
Статья научная
Network security is the prevailing and challenging factor in computer communications. Computer security and communication security are interrelated and essential features in the internetworking system. Network security is ascertained by many factors like authentication, authorization, digital signatures, cryptography, steganography etc. Among them authentication is playing an important role in networked communications, where the communicating partners are to be identified each other legitimately. Authentication process ensures the legitimacy of the communicating partners in networked communication. In an authentication process, the originator of the communication and the respondent transact some identification codes to each other, prior to start of the message transaction. Several methods have been proposed regarding the authentication process for computer communication and smart card based networks from time to time. We introduced a new scheme to enhance and ensure the remote authentication through secure and dynamic authentication using a smart card, which is relatively a different approach. This scheme discusses the authentication procedure for smart card based network systems. This article introduces a dynamic authentication scheme, which includes a number of factors, among them the password, password index, and date of modification are important factors, which decide the dynamicity in authentication. The static approach authentication schemes are vulnerable to different types of attacks in networked communication. This dynamic authentication scheme ensures the authentication, confidentiality, reliability, integrity and security in network communications. This article discusses the implementation of this scheme and to analyze the security and performance factors to ensure the dynamic mutual authentication and to enhance the security features in authentication for smart card based networks.
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An Enhanced Process Scheduler Using Multi-Access Edge Computing in An IoT Network
Статья научная
Multi-access edge computing has the ability to provide high bandwidth, and low latency, ensuring high efficiency in performing network operations and thus, it seems to be promising in the technical field. MEC allows processing and analysis of data at the network edges but it has finite number of resources which can be used. To overcome this restriction, a scheduling algorithm can be used by an orchestrator to deliver high quality services by choosing when and where each process should be executed. The scheduling algorithm must meet the expected outcome by utilizing lesser number of resources. This paper provides a scheduling algorithm containing two cooperative levels with an orchestrator layer acting at the center. The first level schedules local processes on the MEC servers and the next layer represents the orchestrator and allocates processes to nearby stations or cloud. Depending on latency and throughput, the processes are executed according to their priority. A resource optimization algorithm has also been proposed for extra performance. This offers a cost-efficient solution which provides good service availability. The proposed algorithm has a balanced wait time (Avg) and blocking percentage (Avg) of 2.37ms and 0.4 respectively. The blocking percentage is 1.65 times better than Shortest Job First Scheduling (SJFS) and 1.3 times better than Earliest Deadline First Scheduling (EDFS). The optimization algorithm can work on many kinds of network traffic models such as uniformly distributed and base stations with unbalanced loads.
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Статья научная
In general, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are permitting the communication between one vehicle with neighboring vehicles, infrastructure, and Road-Side Unit (RSU). In this, vehicle platoon is commonly known as the vehicle driving pattern it categorizes the batching of the vehicle in the on the trot fashion. It has been reviewed as an effective resolution to mitigate the reduction in traffic blockage and to widen the opulence of the travel. However, the malicious activities of any unauthorized person in VANET are increased the damage to authorized vehicles. In this manuscript, the Identity based Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication (ID-CPPA) signature scheme is proposed to detect the malignant command vehicle very efficiently by the consumer vehicle. In this, the proposed ID-CPPA method uses one-way hash functions for improving the efficiency of Road-Side Unit (RSU) signing and verification of a messages. In order to provide better concealment to the vehicle, Phase Truncated Fourier Transform based asymmetric encryption algorithm (PTFT-AE) is proposed. Thus, the proposed ID-CPPA-PTFT-AE approach has achieved 28.96%, 37.58%, 31.36% higher security rate and 25.8%, 37.9%, 42.6% lower delay than the existing MPDC-LPNS, PPSR-GS, and WCAA-TST methods respectively.
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An Extended Approach for Efficient Data Storage in Cloud Computing Environment
Статья научная
In recent years, the advent of online data storage services has been enabled users to save their data and operational programs in cloud databases. Using an efficient and intelligent management helps to optimize quality of provided services. Also it is possible to increase throughput of services by eliminating repeated data. In following article we have offered a completely dynamic approach to detect and eliminate duplicated data which exist in shared storage resources among virtual machines. Results of simulation show that proposed approach, compared to the similar approaches, will save the storage space substantially by reducing usage of CPU, RAM, also will increase rate of de-duplication data up to 23 %.
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An Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Systems with Changeable Parameters
Статья научная
This paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on chaotic system with changeable parameters depending on plain-image. A generalized Arnold map, whose control parameters are changeable and image-dependent during the iteration procedure, is utilized to generate chaotic orbits applied to permute the pixel positions. A diffusion function is also designed to realize the diffusion effect by piece-wise linear chaotic map. In both the permutation process and the diffusion process, the keystreams generated by chaotic maps are all strongly dependent on plain-image, and thereby can improve the encryption security efficiently. The major merits of the proposed image encryption scheme include a huge key space, good statistical nature resisting statistical analysis attack, differential attack, and good resistance against known-plaintext attack and chosen-plaintext attack, etc. Experimental results have been carried out with detailed analysis to show that the proposed scheme can be a potential candidate for practical image encryption.
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An Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hybrid Orbit of Hyper-chaotic Systems
Статья научная
This paper puts forward a novel image encryption scheme based on ordinary differential equation system. Firstly, a hyper-chaotic differential equation system is used to generate two hyper-chaotic orbit sequences. Introducing the idea of hybrid orbit, two orbits are mixed to generate a hybrid hyper-chaotic sequence which is used to be the initial chaotic key stream. Secondly, the final encryption key stream is generated through two rounds of diffusion operation which is related to the initial chaotic key stream and plain-image. Therefore, the algorithm's key stream not only depends on the cipher keys but also depends on plain-image. Last but not least, the security and performance analysis have been performed, including key space analysis, histogram analysis, correlation analysis, information entropy analysis, peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis, key sensitivity analysis, differential analysis etc. All the experimental results show that the proposed image encryption scheme is secure and suitable for practical image and video encryption.
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An Improved Dynamic Probabilistic Packet Marking for IP Traceback
Статья научная
An improved dynamic probabilistic packet marking algorithm named IDPPM is presented, which not only can locate and attack a source rapidly and accurately, but also can reduce the marking overhead of routers near the attackers, which is its greatest contribution given by our technique. In contrast to previous work, the challenge of weakest node and weakest link is solved with the price of a little more numbers of packets to reconstruct the attack path. Theoretical analysis and NS2 simulation results in IPv4 and IPv6 testify that the approach is feasible and efficient respectively.
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An Improved Energy Aware Distributed Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Статья научная
The present work considers energy aware distributed clustering protocol (EADC) which is commonly employed for balancing the energy consumption in non-uniformly deployed sensor networks. In the EADC, residual energy is considered as the primary clustering parameter and the clusters are constructed using uniform competition radius. However in non-uniform node distribution scenarios, more energy imbalance occurs in the network due to variation in intra-cluster energy consumption. For counter balancing it, an inter-cluster energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol is utilized. In the EADC protocol, cluster heads select the relay node based on residual energy and cluster member count information. But this approach is less efficient in energy balancing. In this paper, an improved energy aware distributed equal clustering protocol is projected. Our scheme considers the relay metric directly in terms of energy expense in relaying the sensed data to the base station taking into account not only the residual energy and member count information but also distance information. It provides better balancing of energy in comparison with the existing approach. Three different scenarios created by varying node distribution are used for evaluating the performance of the proposed protocol and comparison is made with the EADC protocol. The results show that the proposed scheme extends network lifetime in all the scenarios.
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An Improved Hybrid Mechanism for Secure Data Communication
Статья научная
The In today's era with increase in the use of internet and networking devices, there is an increase in demand for more secure data communication. This problem has led to development of hybrid security mechanisms. Various techniques are available in literature that makes use of different steganography and cryptographic mechanisms which has certain pros and cons. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid security mechanism that tries to choose the best cryptographic and steganography mechanism. In addition, to increase the embedding capacity of the proposed mechanism, Huffman encoding scheme is used. The proposed strategy is implemented in MATLAB-09. In order to check the efficacy of the proposed technique three types of analysis were performed named as: security, robustness and efficiency analysis. It is found from the simulation and results that the proposed scheme outperforms other techniques in literature in every aspect.
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An Improved Machine Learning-Based Short Message Service Spam Detection System
Статья научная
The use of Short Message Services (SMS) as a mechanism of communication has resulted to loss of sensitive information such as credit card details, medical information and bank account details (user name and password). Several Machine learning-based approaches have been proposed to address this problem, but they are still unable to detect modified SMS spam messages more accurately. Thus, in this research, a stack- ensemble of four machine learning algorithms consisting of Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were employed to detect more accurately SMS spams. The simulation was carried out using Python Scikit- learn tools. The performance evaluation of the proposed model was carried out by benchmarking it with an existing model. The evaluation results showed that the proposed model has an increase of 3.03% of accuracy, 8.94% of Recall, 2.17% of F-measure; and a decrease of 4.55% of Precision over the existing model. This indicates that the proposed model reduces the false alarm rate and thus detects spams more accurately. In conclusion, the ensemble method performed better than any individual algorithms and can be adopted by the Network service providers for better Quality of Service.
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An Improved Non-Repudiate Scheme-Feature Marking Voice Signal Communication
Статья научная
Guaranteeing the ownership or copyright of digital communication is of extreme importance in this digital era. Watermarking is the technique which confirms the authenticity or integrity of communication by hiding relevant information in specified areas of the original signal such that it might render it difficult to distinguish one from the other. Thus, the digital watermark can be defined as a type of indicator secretly embedded in a noise tolerant signal such as image, audio or video data. The paper presents a voice signal authentication scheme by employing signal features towards the preparation of the watermark and by embedding it in the transform domain with the Walsh transforms. Watermark used in this technique is unique for each member participating in this communication system and makes it is very imperative in the context of signal authentication.
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An Improved Trusted Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
Статья научная
In this paper, an improvement over Trusted Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (T-GPSR) is presented. T-GPSR employs heuristic weight values to evaluate total trust value of neighboring nodes. However, heuristic assignment of weights provide flexibility but it is not suitable in presence of several security attacks such as Grey hole, selfish behavior, on-off attack etc., are launched in the network in different proportions. To overcome this limitation, an improvement is suggested with an emphasis on trust update, lightweight trust computation and storage to reduce communication and storage overhead. The simulation study indicates that the packet delivery ratio of the improved T-GPSR has improved by 10% over T-GPSR in the presence of 50% of malicious nodes in the network.
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An Improvement over a Server-less RFID Authentication Protocol
Статья научная
With the increased radio frequency identification (RFID) applications different authentication schemes have been proposed in order to meet the required properties. In this paper we analyze the security of a server-less RFID authentication protocol which is proposed by Deng et al. in 2014. Deng et al. proposed an improvement over Hoque et al. protocol to overcome its vulnerability against data desynchronization attack. However, in this paper we show that their protocol is still vulnerable against data desynchronization attack. Furthermore we present an improved version of this protocol to prevent this attack.
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An Innovative Approach for Video Steganography
Статья научная
In today's world internet is used for data communication which is not secure enough to transfer highly confidential data so information hiding become a emerging research area. Steganography is an art to hiding secret message in a cover and it will also hide the fact that secret information is being sent over the communication network. In this paper a video steganography method is proposed using hash based round Least Significant Bit technique. Video steganography is a more secure than any other steganography technique in hiding information because of its complex structure it disables the intruder to attack. In this paper secret text message is embedded in the video file using proposed hash based round Least Significant Bit technique. This work will improve the information security and embedding capacity. The proposed technique hash based round Least Significant Bit will be compared with the hash based Least Significant Bit. The technique proposed in this paper is analysed in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error and Embedding capacity.
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Статья научная
An innovative approach to identifying rapidly spreading false information is to create a targeted graph and its subsequent clustering. A method for detecting rapidly spreading fake messages in social networks has been developed. K-means, Louvain, and Leiden algorithms were applied to identify large communities in graphs, enabling the rapid detection of fake news. A modified fake news detection algorithm based on k-means and Leiden can group fake news clusters, enabling rapid identification of widely spreading news. The combination of Leiden for structural analysis of communities and SVM for classification provides an optimal balance between accuracy (F1-score = 0.87) and completeness of fake detection (Recall = 97%), allowing the system to be used both for analysing large datasets and for monitoring new publications. The Lei-den algorithm demonstrated the highest modularity (Q = 0.7212), which is 4.8% better than Louvain (Q = 0.6884), and detected 40 structural communities. The modified method has a lower modularity (Q = 0.5584), since modularity is not calculated for K-means.
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An Intrusion Detection and Prevention System based on Automatic Learning of Traffic Anomalies
Статья научная
The ever changing network traffic reveals new attack types, which represent a security threat that poses a serious risk for enterprise resources. Therefore, the security administrators are in a real need to employ efficient Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, IDPS. Such systems might be capable to learn from the network behavior. In this paper, we present an incremental Learnable Model for Anomaly Detection and Prevention of Zero-day attacks, LMAD/PZ. To facilitate the ability of learning from observations that can provide a reliable model for automatic prevention, a comparison has been carried out between supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. Thus, in LMAD/PZ, the intrusion detection step is integrated with an intrusion prevention plan. To ensure that the prevention plan is dependable and automatic, it must be backed and sustained with robust and accurate detection process. Therefore, two incremental data mining techniques are deeply investigated and implemented on NSL-KDD'99 intrusion dataset. The first technique is the Algorithm Quasi-optimal (AQ), which is a supervised Attributional Rules Learner, ARL, while the second is the Cobweb; an unsupervised hierarchical conceptual clustering algorithm. These algorithms categorize the network connections as either normal or anomalous. The performance of AQ is compared to Cobweb, and the best performance result is integrated with the prevention plan, to afford a fully automated system. The experimental results showed that, the model automatically adapts its knowledge base from continuous network streams, in addition to offering the advantage of detecting novel and zero day attacks. Many experiments have verified that AQ performance outperforms the Cobweb clustering, in terms of accuracy, detection rate and false alarm rate.
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An Obstacle Detection Scheme for Vehicles in an Intelligent Transportation System
Статья научная
Road obstacles cause serious accidents that have a severe impact on driver safety, traffic flow efficiency and damage of the vehicle. Detecting obstacles are important to prevent or to reduce such kind of the accidents and fatalities. However, it is difficult and becomes tricky because of some problems like presence of shadow, environmental changes or a sudden action of any moving things (e.g., car overtaking, animal coming) and many more. Thereby, this paper aims to design an obstacle detection technique based on (i) moving cameras and (ii) moving objects. These methods are applied to obstacle detection phase, in order to identify the different obstacles (e.g., potholes, animals, stop sign, obstacles, bumps, road cracks) by considering road dimensions. A new technique is introduced for detecting obstacles from moving camera and moving objects which overcomes several limitations over stationary cameras and moving/stationary objects. Further, paper reviews recent research trends to detect obstacles for moving cameras and moving objects with discussion of key points and limitations of each approach. Finally, the results show that the proposed method is more robust and reliable than the previous approaches based on the stationary cameras.
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