Businesses have evolved with digitization and automation of manual processes through ERP solutions. These solutions fall under the category of being Business-To-Business (B2B) and help its clients to grow with a centralized solution to manage all business functions. It is easier for B2C companies to expand their reach using targeted branding strategies but takes a different approach for B2B companies to expand and grow as a Brand. It not only impacts how to reach a potential market but also impacts talent attraction and evolution into a trusted partner for potential market segments. Considering the case of an ERP company as large as SAP, various strategies are observed to target and attract potential customers as well as retain the existing clientele. This paper explores the concepts of Branding in a B2B scenario for an ERP company with a focus on SAP. It evaluates brand value, positioning, architecture, and expense comparison over the years and delves into a comparative study between SAP and one of its customers (B2C), Nestle, in terms of expenses and profits acquired. It also explores changes in Brand Strategy through Customer Advocacy, the importance of sales and marketing, and response strategies to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Бесплатно

Comparative Study of Website Page Size as Design Issue in Various Websites

Jatinder Manhas

Статья научная

Websites are very important means of communication in this current era of information technology. Different institutions / organizations put lots of efforts to portray complete information on beautifully designed websites. Organizations these days concerned more in providing users with all facilities online through websites, which act as an interface through which a user can get his work done without physically visiting the organization. With this the responsibility of the designer and the concerned institutions / organizations increases manifold so that the websites behavior should remain interactive and quick enough for the user to avail all facilities through websites comfortably. Speed and size of a Website are directly related with each other. Size is very important when targeting users that don't have optimal Internet connections. Author in this paper developed an online tool using .NET Framework using C# to study webpage size as Design issue in various categories of the websites like Government, Commercial, Educational, Social networking and Job portals. The automated tool developed by author function on the basis of the different standards prescribed in W3C and prescribed in analysis performed in [2]. The tool act like a parser and renders the complete code of the website and then produces result by examining the memory requirements of the component files that contribute to the total size of the website. The results produced shows that out of the five different categories of websites, it can be concluded that none of the website categories undertaken follows the recommended standards of the World Wide Web consortium showing huge violation as far as recommended page size for different websites is concerned.

Бесплатно

Comparative study of CEC’2013 problem using dual population genetic algorithm

A. J. Umbarkar, L. R. Moon, P. D. Sheth

Статья научная

Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are found to be effective for solving a large variety of optimization problems. In this Paper Dual Population Genetic Algorithm (DPGA) is used for solving the test functions of Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2013 (CEC’2013), by using two different crossovers. Dual Population Genetic Algorithm is found to be better in performance than traditional Genetic Algorithm. It is also able to solve the problem of premature convergence and diversity of the population in genetic algorithm. This paper proposes Dual Population Genetic Algorithm for solving the problem regarding unconstrained optimization. Dual Population Genetic Algorithm is used as meta-heuristic which is verified against 28 functions from Problem Definitions and Evaluation Criteria for the Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2013 on unconstrained set of benchmark functions using two different crossovers. The results of both the crossovers are compared with each other. The results of both the crossovers are also compared with the existing results of Standard Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The Experimental results showed that the algorithm found to be better for finding the solution of multimodal functions of the problem set.

Бесплатно

Comparison between Minutiae Based and Pattern Based Algorithm of Fingerprint Image

Sangeeta Narwal, Daljit Kaur

Статья научная

Fingerprint matching is the most accurate method among the biometrics. They are used for recognizing the person identity. The matching of two fingerprint images based on the numbering of minutiae and bifurcation points. Minutiae based Algorithm only extract local features of fingerprint image. The new algorithm used pattern based method which covers the whole area of fingerprint image. It includes both local and global features of fingerprint image. This new algorithm divides in three phases. First phase include enhancing the image quality with the thresholding value and reducing the dimensional space of fingerprint image with principal component analysis. Principal Component analysis contains the Principal components in lower dimensionality space with high value information. In second phase, Gabor filter is used for extracting feature vectors from fingerprint image and number of feature vectors form feature map. In third phase, Euclidean distance is calculated between two feature maps to determine whether the two fingerprint images are same or not. The result evaluation is done on the basis of bifurcation and minutiae points and their comparisons with previous work.

Бесплатно

Comparison of Two Methods Basing on Artificial Neural Network and SVM in Fault Diagnosis

Chunming Li, Huiling Li

Статья научная

Two diagnosis methods based on a neural network classifier and SVM are proposed for a pulse width modulation voltage source inverter. They are used to detect and identify the transistor open-circuit fault. BP neural network (BPNN) is capable of recognition. However, it has shortcomings obviously. These are just advantages of SVM, which has ability of global search. As an alternative to ANN, SVM can offer higher detection efficiency and reliability.

Бесплатно

Comprehensive Application of Logistics Cost Optimization Models for the Delivery of Goods by Road

Nataliya Mutovkina

Статья научная

The current society’s development is the intensive growth of human needs. That leads to an increase in production volumes. That requires an appropriate level of product transportation. Currently, there are various kinds, including automobile, railway, water, and air transport. According to the International Maritime Organization, maritime transport is the undisputed leader in international transportation; however, on land, road freight transportation surpasses other types in demand. That is due to the mobility of cars and the availability of a well-developed road infrastructure, which allows cargo to be delivered directly from the seller to the customer. In this regard, there is a need to plan routes for vehicles, solve transport tasks, and ensure the rational use of the carrying capacity of means of transport. When organizing cargo transportation, tasks include building optimal routes, minimizing transportation costs, and avoiding the underutilization of the truck. Continuous improvement of cargo delivery is a serious strategic objective of competing transport companies. It is necessary to regulate the costs of the services provided. Cost management and optimization are serious tools in organizing a transport company, which contribute to increasing its efficiency. That is due to the relevance of the research topic. The article discusses the theoretical and methodological aspects of cost optimization in transport companies, presents some optimization models, and justifies their application. Practice shows that these models can be applied to the activities of cargo carriers to significantly reduce unproductive costs and ensure the achievement of strategic goals, such as achieving market leadership positions and increasing competitiveness.

Бесплатно

Comprehensive Intellectual Analysis of Statistical Data on Leading Energy Companies’ Actions

Viktoriia Bulatova, Sofiia Popp, Victoria Vysotska, Yuriy Ushenko, Zhengbing Hu, Dmytro Uhryn

Статья научная

The paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of the time series of stock prices of three leading energy companies – Shell, BP and ExxonMobil – for the period from January 2021 to January 2025. At the initial stage, data quality was checked: dates were set as indices, the absence of duplicates and missing values was confirmed, and descriptive statistics (mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) were calculated. Next, the trends of adjusted closing prices (AdjClose) were analysed using moving averages (SMA14, SMA50), exponential smoothing, moving volatility (30-day standard deviation) and cumulative returns. It was found that еhe price dynamics growth has accelerated since 2022 against the background of the energy crisis caused by the war in Ukraine: ExxonMobil’s cumulative return reached ≈250% by mid-2022 and ≈350% at the beginning of 2025, Shell and BP, respectively ≈220% and ≈200% by 2024. Correlation analysis showed that BP and Shell have the most significant interdependence (r = 0.87, R² = 0.75). The autocorrelation method established high non-stationarity of the time series (ACF about one at low lags). K-Means clustering (k = 2) allowed us to distinguish periods of active growth and relative price consolidation, although the feature selection behind this clustering requires further clarification. The initially reported financial metrics (Sharpe, Sortino, and Calmar ratios) were significantly overstated due to unit errors, specifically, using percentage values as absolute figures. After applying appropriate annualization and decimal scaling performance indicators were obtained for ExxonMobil – CAGR = 36.84%, Sharpe ≈ 1.24, Sortino ≈ 1.9–2.5, Max Drawdown = 20.51%, Calmar ≈ 1.80; Shell: CAGR = 21.29%, Sharpe ≈ 0.76, Sortino ≈ 1.2–1.5, Max Drawdown = 25.04%, Calmar ≈ 0.85; BP: CAGR = 14.54%, Sharpe ≈ 0.53, Sortino ≈ 0.9–1.2, Max Drawdown = 26.23%, Calmar ≈ 0.55. The study confirms that ExxonMobil showed the most stable and substantial growth during the examined period, while BP exhibited the highest volatility. Shell demonstrated an intermediate performance level. The close correlation between Shell and BP is attributed to the similarity in their geographical market activity and stock behaviour. The choice of these methods of analysis is due to the desire to assess the behaviour of stocks during the period of increased market volatility caused by the energy crisis, geopolitical risks and changes in investor priorities. Technical analysis allows you to identify short- and medium-term patterns, clustering allows you to automatically separate market phases without the need for subjective hypotheses, and statistical metrics will enable you to compare the performance of assets within the industry. This research contributes to the broader field of financial analysis by demonstrating how machine learning and technical analytics tools can be applied to assess the resilience and relationships of assets during periods of market turmoil. The results can be helpful for institutional investors, financial analysts, and portfolio managers looking to adapt strategies to dynamic energy market conditions.

Бесплатно

Compromise Hypersphere for Multi-Criteria Dynamic Programming

Sebastian Sitarz

Статья научная

The paper considers multi-criteria dynamic decision process. We focus on the efficient realizations of the dynamic process which are characterized by non-dominated values of the multi-period criteria function. The aim of the paper is to use the compromise hypersphere method to rank the efficient realizations. The presented method allows us to take into account the risk aversion of the decision maker. Moreover, we apply the presented theory in the market model taken from microeconomic theory.

Бесплатно

Computational Data Analysis on Global Energy and COVID-19 Pandemic

Momina Shaheen, Muhammad Junaid Anjum, Faizan Ahmad, Aimen Anum

Статья научная

A global consumption of energy is primarily met by the renewable and non-renewable energy production resources. It is necessary to understand the pattern of global energy consumption in past to refine the overall energy policy for an upcoming demand of the energy market. The consumption of energy and its insights are helpful for grid management and forecasting. This paper presents the consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy resources by different nations and presents the analysis of the impact of COVID19 pandemic over the consumption of Energy. From the detailed analysis in this study, it is evident that all countries are shifting their interest to use renewable sources of energy generation. The global consumption of energy was constantly increasing up to 4% each year for three decades (1990 to 2020). However, during COVID-19 outbreak, energy consumption shows a downward trend in 2020 to -4%, which is twice lower than the decrement of energy consumption observed 2008-2009 economic crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected energy consumption of all countries in the world.

Бесплатно

Computational Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Brain: The Classic-Curvature and the Intensity-Curvature Functional in a Tumor Case Study

Carlo Ciulla, Dijana Capeska Bogatinoska, Filip A. Risteski, Dimitar Veljanovski

Статья научная

This research solves the computational intelligence problem of devising two mathematical engineering tools called Classic-Curvature and Intensity-Curvature Functional. It is possible to calculate the two mathematical engineering tools from any model polynomial function which embeds the property of second-order differentiability. This work presents results obtained with bivariate and trivariate cubic Lagrange polynomials. The use of the Classic-Curvature and the Intensity-Curvature Functional can add complementary information in medical imaging, specifically in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the human brain.

Бесплатно

Conceptualization and Integration of Information Systems in Educational Business Activities

Salah Alkhafaji, B. Sriram

Статья научная

The business activities are highly incorporated with the technology development and need to be updated periodically. Business activities have made the technology to be more creative and innovative. The organizations need to integrate their business activities into a single system to achieve their aims and objectives successfully. Various studies are already conducted in integrating such business activities as Business Process Management System. In particular, various management systems are available in the market to integrate the educational business processes. The educational business processes are changing due to the various international bench markings. The educational business processes perspectives could not be met exactly to the requirements in some of the available software. As the currently available systems suits to some of the educational institutions in particular region of the world, there are needs to review them to the current requirements. This paper identifies the gaps between the current potential educational requirements and availability of educational business processes management systems. The major impact factors of the educational processes are identified and based on the findings a model has been proposed.

Бесплатно

Construction and Development of an Automated Greenhouse System Using Arduino Uno

T. Saha, M. K. H. Jewel, M. N. Mostakim, N. H. Bhuiyan, M. S. Ali, M. K. Rahman, H. K. Ghosh, Md. Khalid Hossain

Статья научная

An automated greenhouse is a framework that utilizes nursery innovations to make a positive ecological condition virtually to develop ideal creation of plants. Controlling climatic conditions are one of the most critical challenges in agribusiness. In like manner, a robotized nursery framework has been developed to accomplish observations and controlling of the climatic parameters which is straightforwardly or in a roundabout way that administers the plants development and generation. In a nursery using greenhouse structure that is made with glass or plastic it warms up from approaching obvious sun oriented radiation which is consumed by the plants and absorbed by the surface. Eventually air is warmed by the warmth from hot inside surfaces and held within the nursery dividers that makes the environment inside it warmer. With the association of present day innovations, this research takes a risk to actualize these frameworks for farming with no human consideration. The motivation behind this exploration is to make an innovation that makes exceedingly exact environment in a work sparing angle. In this work an Atmega328 MCU is utilized to do some predefined tasks, made by some specific codes with the help of an Arduino prototyping board. The system projects the parameters in a display as well as controls four vital parameters like temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture to accomplish viability and functionality of nursery environment control gadgets.

Бесплатно

Control and Synchronization of Hyperchaotic System based on SDRE Method

Masoud Taleb Ziabari, Ali Reza Sahab

Статья научная

In this paper, stabilization and synchronization problems of the hyperchaotic system is investigated. For this reason, state dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) is used. First, stabilizer is designed by SDRE method. Then, robust controller is designed that it can stabilize hyperchaotic system with uncertainly. Finally, synchronization problem between two hyperchaotic systems is considered. The optimal controller is designed that it synchronizes two hyperchaotic systems. Numerical simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.

Бесплатно

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing and Weighted-Clustering Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Network

Huiheng Liu, Wei Chen

Статья научная

Cognitive radio is a promising technique for efficient utilization of idle authorized spectrum since it is able to sense the spectrum and reuse the frequency when the primary user is absent. In order to overcome the fading, shadowing or hidden terminals in independent detection, cooperative detection is presented. The performance of cooperative sensing is studied in this paper. To enhance the sensing ability, some weighted-cooperative spectrum sensing techniques have been proposed. In this paper, different from the previous studies, we propose a novel weighted-clustering cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm based on distances for cognitive radio network. We firstly classify the secondary users into a few clusters according to several existent methods, and then use cluster-head to collect the observation results come from different secondary users in the same cluster and make a cluster-decision. Considering the different distances between the clusters and the fusion center, different weightings are used to weight the cluster-decisions before combining. The simulation results show that our proposed method improve the probability of detection and reduce the probability of error.

Бесплатно

Cost Modeling for SOC Modules Testing

Balwinder Singh, Arun Khosla, Sukhleen B. Narang

Статья научная

The complexity of the system design is increasing very rapidly as the number of transistors on Integrated Circuits (IC) doubles as per Moore’s law. There is big challenge of testing this complex VLSI circuit, in which whole system is integrated into a single chip called System on Chip (SOC). Cost of testing the SOC is also increasing with complexity. Cost modeling plays a vital role in reduction of test cost and time to market. This paper includes the cost modeling of the SOC Module testing which contains both analog and digital modules. The various test cost parameters and equations are considered from the previous work. The mathematical relations are developed for cost modeling to test the SOC further cost modeling equations are modeled in Graphical User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB, which can be used as a cost estimation tool. A case study is done to calculate the cost of the SOC testing due to Logic Built in Self Test (LBIST) and Memory Built in Self Test (MBIST). VLSI Test engineers can take the benefits of such cost estimation tools for test planning.

Бесплатно

Course and Student Management System Based on ABET Computing Criteria

Sahar A. El_Rahman, Sahar S. Shabanah

Статья научная

Accreditation is considered as one of the major aspects of ABET, where educational institutions continuously develop the quality of academic programs to achieve it. For the most part of this continuous development needs, the programs determine definite and measured objectives for their students, evaluate their efforts to achieve these objectives, and amend their programs based on the results of that assessment. In addition to providing educational institutions an organized strategy to appraise and develop their programs. The primary focal point to prepare for accreditation is the learning objectives and program outcomes assessment. So, College of Computer and information Sciences (CCIS) at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman (PNU) needs to fulfill ABET criteria to achieve the outcomes. So, CCIS need a system to achieve course assessment matrix without wasting the time and efforts. This system will help the staff members in identifying student learning objectives that are expected to achieve as well as to identify assessment tools and evaluation feedback for each topic. This paper describes Course and Student Management System (CSMS) established to address a course assessment matrix, and help achieve department-stated objectives. Whereas, CSMS is a web based system provides many features to facilitate the creation of articulation matrix, course assessment based on students learning objectives, the student's evaluation and tracking attendance of students. This system is considered as a new method of creating the course assessment matrix that will help the department head, instructors and course coordinator. It is user friendly and interactive interface, saving the time and efforts.

Бесплатно