International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science @ijitcs
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science
Все статьи: 1243
Discrete Simulation of the Remote Access to the Resources of a Virtual Research Laboratory
Статья научная
This article discusses the problem of an evaluation of the remote access to the resources of a Virtual Research Lab (VRL) and information servicing investigation by using queuing model and program simulation. The results presented here are the final part of general investigation of proposed architecture of the VRL developed in the frame of two years scientific project. Some results from the initial phases of the investigation (functional, deterministic and stochastic modeling) are discussed in other publications of the author. The purpose of this article is to present a simulation organization and performance factors evaluation of the remote access and information servicing in the VRL. In this connection formalization and an abstract model are made. An extension of this formalization based on the queuing theory is made and a general queuing model for the simulation organization is developed. The program realization of the simulation experiments is made by using the system WebGPSS. Object of investigation is the user access to the resources and some variants are evaluated, for example ‘single-user access to a single resource’ and ‘multiple-user access to multiple resources’. Some experimental results are discussed. Different assessments for the components that take part in the remote access are calculated and presented (utilization, workload, waiting time, etc.)
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Статья научная
Focus of this paper is on energy heterogeneity and distributed algorithms for scheduling and adjustable range. The problem of lifetime enhancement of wireless sensor networks is dealt with the adjustment of transmission or sensing range of the sensor nodes and implementation of heterogeneous energy model. In this work, we deploy the sensor nodes in 2-D using triangular, square, and hexagonal tiles. The initial energies of the sensors and their positions along with the positions of targets are known. For this environment, we investigate the maximum achievable lifetime using heterogeneous deterministic energy efficient protocol with adjustable sensing range (HADEEPS) and heterogeneous load balancing protocol with adjustable sensing range (HALBPS). We observe that deploying the sensors in triangular tiles gives better lifetime.
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Diversity Through N-Version Programming: Current State, Challenges and Recommendations
Статья научная
N-version programming is a software development paradigm that draws upon the concept of diversity to increase the reliability of software. The central idea is to independently produce multiple functionally equivalent versions of a program, and execute them in parallel. If the versions fail independently, then the probability of multiple versions producing a faulty output on any given input is very small; much lower than the failure probability of any single version. In this paper, we examine and contrast various experiments that have been performed to evaluate the benefits of this approach and draw some conclusions. We find that for diversity to be effective, it must be introduced in a targeted and informed manner and encompass several phases of the software’s development.
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Domain Analysis and Visualization of NLRP10
Статья научная
NLRP10 is one of the members of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) family that is least characterized. It is a protein that takes part in pathogen sensing and responsible for the subsequent signaling propagation leading to immunologic response. In this study, computational tools such as algorithm, web server and database were used to investigate the domain of NLRP10 protein. The findings of this research may provide computational insights into the structure and functions of NLRP10, which in turn may foster better understanding of the role of NLRP10 in the immunologic defense.
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Doppler Shift Impact On The MIMO OFDM System In Vehicular Channel Condition
Статья научная
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems will play an important role in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). But in high mobility road condition, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is very sensitive to Doppler shift. In this scenario multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) system combined with OFDM, make MIMO -OFDM techniques very attractive and productive for vehicle-to-vehicle communications. This paper deals with the bit error rate (BER) performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM system in high way road condition which is modeled based on the Nakagami fading characteristic. The system performance is analyzed with the change in m value of Nakagami channel and also with the variation in the modulation schemes.
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Double Securing from Hackers in B2B E-commerce
Статья научная
Business to Business e-commerce is adopted by more and more companies all over the world. Many companies will be involved in doing business over internet among them some will act as manufacturer and other as suppliers of the sub products. Here we are going consider two types of hackers, the hackers who are outside the organization and the hackers present within the organization. The problem is how to identifying authentic supplier and to see that after authentication the data integrity, here we consider it as the number of sub product to be manufactured that should reach the authentic supplier in the presence of hacker within the organization. There is need for designing trusted security framework. In this paper we are designing a security framework which runs double securing algorithm by using keyless cryptography algorithm for finding the authentic supplier and to see that the order of sub product to be manufactured reaches correct supplier for this caser cryptography algorithm is used. The authentication solves the problem of outside hackers and uses of caser cryptography solve the problem of hacker within the organization. The double securing algorithm is implemented on MATLAB, CPU time is calculated to known the time taken to run the security mechanism.
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Downlink and Uplink Physical Channels in Long Term Evolution
Статья научная
Long Term Evolution (LTE) defines a number of physical channels to carry information blocks received from the MAC and higher layers. This paper presents two types of Physical channels: the first type is downlink physical channels which consist of Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH), Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) and Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH). The second type of Physical channels is uplink physical channels which consist of Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH). This paper also highlights the structure of PDSCH and PUSCH, discuss the algorithms of the two types of physical channel and each of its features. The aim of this paper is to discuss the well-designed PHY Channels which provide high cell-edge performance with specific features, such as dynamic bandwidth allocation to users, the design of reference signals and control channels. These channels take into account a more challenging path loss and interference environment at the cell edge.
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Driver Fatigue Estimation Using Image Processing Technique
Статья научная
A Fatigue Detection system has been developed using non-intrusive vision based approach. The system uses a Logitech USB camera which points towards driver's face and monitors face and eyes to detect driver fatigue. The system is developed on Linux operating system and used DM3730 processor as hardware. The algorithm is developed to estimate whether eyes are open or closed and fatigue is estimated using PERCLOS method. Normal human blinks eyes 12 times in a minute. If the eyes are closed for 15 consecutive frames in a minute or if PERCLOS > 80% than system issues warning to stop the vehicle. The algorithm is tested on 45 different persons i.e., 15 women, 15 men and 15 persons wearing spectacles and the detection rate is 99.2%. The system takes <5ms of time to detect whether eyes are open or closed and the hardware used is small in size and easily implementable.
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Drugs relationship discovery using hypergraph
Статья научная
Globally, the governments are concerned for saving human life but in recent days, the cost of medicine to save the human life grows rapidly, due to the different combination of the drugs sold by the drug store and based on the drugs availability in the drug store. As a regular routine, the Clinical physicians prescribe the drug name or druggist company name for the patient, instead of prescribing the brand name. For a particular drug name, more number of brand name both generic drugs and combination drugs were available. Almost all the physicians or druggist knows these generic drugs and combination drugs along with their dosage and recommends it for the patient. Since the patients are unaware about the brand name of the medicine, they are buying the costly drug without knowledge. At the same time the patients whoever provide the review on the drug consumed, mostly gives a negative review. On the other side, Government gives approval for every drug produced year by year and those drugs getting rejected for approval where sent for new alternative extension of chemical formula, as well government bans several combinations of drugs. There should be a database for awareness; it should help physicians, druggist and end user to look for banned and unbanned drug. We have identified that the drug details and their approvals were not maintained in the database. So, the proposed work is (i) to identify and classify the exact drug, which can be used as generic or combination and (ii) to create a banned drug model representation, which was unavailable. A hypergraph-based model named Drugs Relationship Discovery using Hypergraph (DRDH) was constructed as a preliminary design representation for drugs. Here, the drugs combination was considered as a hypervertex and the combination approved for manufacturing in the particular company was considered as an edge, having weight as the price of single dose usage based on Indian government listed drug. With this proposed model as a reference, the banned drugs are listed separately, manufacturing stopped drugs are highlighted with the weight of -1 and the physician or druggist can access the model to ensure the correct drug, their production, and usage. The Time complexity has been analyzed for the hypergraph, which was constructed based on the details of relationship identified among the drugs. Using the parameters of the list of drugs used in India on fever and the common cold, comparison over time taken to identify the relationship has also been done.
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Dual Amplitude-Width PPM for Free Space Optical Systems
Статья научная
The PPM (Pulse Position Modulation) is commonly used in Free Space Optic (FSO) systems owing to its power efficiency, but it shows a rapid decline in spectral efficiency with increase in the power efficiency and moderate data rate. In order to improve these two parameters, we present a modified modulation scheme of the existing PPM, on the basis of PPM, PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). This modified version called DAWPPM (Dual Amplitude-Width PPM). The average power requirements, bandwidth efficiency and normalized data rate are studied after introducing symbol structure. The proposed scheme shows an improvement in terms of data rate and bandwidth efficiency, and when in come to power efficiency it shows lower efficiency compared to PPM. We present theoretical expressions of data rate, spectral efficiency, and normalized power requirements, and we present comparison results to PPM modulation scheme.
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Dual Layer Encryption for IoT based Vehicle Systems over 5G Communication
Статья научная
In modern communication scenario of the 5G era, the service quality is the greatest concern for the users. Also, the concept of security can’t be neglected in this case. In the IoT oriented services like vehicle and VANET systems, the security in the presentation layer of the network is required. This work is over the security mechanism of the service storage and fetching the files for service. A new scheme of multi layered file and content encryption has been produced in order to strengthen the security of the file and data to maintain integrity and confidentiality of the IoT enabled services implemented in 5G. The encryption scheme is designed for the password encryption through asymmetric key cryptography (RSA) along with an enhanced concern of internal content or data security with symmetric key (AES-128) cryptography. This encryption system of double layer for a file makes the study unique and differentiable than other security schemes.
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Duration Estimation Models for Open Source Software Projects
Статья научная
For software organizations that rely on Open Source Software (OSS) to develop customer solutions and products, it is essential to accurately estimate how long it will take to deliver the expected functionalities. While OSS is supported by government policies around the world, most of the research on software project estimation has focused on conventional projects with commercial licenses. OSS effort estimation is challenging since OSS participants do not record effort data in OSS repositories. However, OSS data repositories contain dates of the participants’ contributions and these can be used for duration estimation. This study analyses historical data on WordPress and Swift projects to estimate OSS project duration using either commits or lines of code (LOC) as the independent variable. This study proposes first an improved classification of contributors based on the number of active days for each contributor in the development period of a release. For the WordPress and Swift OSS projects environments the results indicate that duration estimation models using the number of commits as the independent variable perform better than those using LOC. The estimation model for full-time contributors gives an estimate of the total duration, while the models with part-time and occasional contributors lead to better estimates of projects duration with both for the commits data and the lines of data.
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Dynamic Discovery of Web Services using WSDL
Статья научная
Web service technology promises to provide a ynamic integration and interaction of heterogeneous systems, thereby to facilitate fast and efficient cooperation among the entities in cooperative environments. With the surge of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Services, service discovery has become increasingly crucial. Web service discovery mechanism retrieves relevant web services from the internet to serve a wide range of users such as service consumers, service developers, service deployers, and service brokers. This paper demonstrates the model for discovery of web services using WSDL processing system and comparison between WSDL(Web Service Description Language) and UDDI(Universal Description Discovery and Integration) based discovery system. The solution leverages WSDL retrieval according to the requested term using horizontal and vertical search and processing WSDL to find suitable web services to satisfy the user request during run time.
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Dynamic High Level Cross Layer Security Mechanisms for Wireless Sensor Networks
Статья научная
In dynamic insensitive application specific network, WSN consists of hundred and thousands of sensor nodes densely deployed in the sensor field. Majority of sensor nodes are static having power limitations, low network throughput, message transfer delays and computation power limits that are major obstacles. The limited communication range of WSN nodes, link asymmetry, and the characteristics of the physical environment lead to a major sources of QoS degradation in WSNs. The potential applications of the WSNs typically range from those in defense, military, environmental monitoring, health monitoring and civilian surveillance applications etc. All of these applications being omnipresent in nature necessitate appropriate heavy secure mechanisms to ensure the data security and privacy. On the other hand, the WSN nodes, being extremely resource constrained, it is really challenging to devise the WSNs security protocols. So need to propose dynamic high level cross layer security mechanism for detecting various attacks and the countermeasures taken to avoid the same without comprising any network resources.
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Dynamic Resource Discovery Scheme for Vehicular Cloud Networks
Статья научная
To discover computing resources available for any application before they are allocated to requests dynamically on demand, developing effective mechanism for resource discovery in Vehicular Cloud Networks (VCN) is very important. Providing the services to the requested vehicle in time is a major concern in the VCN environment. Dynamic and intelligent resource discovery schemes are essential in VCN environment so that services are provided to the vehicles in time. Resource discovery is key characteristic of VCN. VCN requires intelligent algorithms for resource discovery. Creating a mechanism for resource management and search resources is the largest challenge in VCN. There is a need to consider for dynamic way to discover the resources in the VCN. The lack of intelligence in resource handling, less flexible for dynamic simultaneous requests, and low scalability are issues to be addressed for the resource discovery in VCN. In this paper we proposed dynamic resource discovery scheme in VCN. Proposed resource discovery scheme uses Honey Bee Optimization (HBO) technique integrated with static and mobile agents. Mobile agent collects the vehicular cloud information and static agent intelligently identifies the required resources by the vehicle. Dynamic discovery model will take into account different parameters influencing the task execution time to optimize subsequent schedule. To test the performance effectiveness of the scheme, proposed dynamic resource discovery scheme is compared with fixed time scheduling algorithm. The objective of the proposed scheme is to search the resources in VCN with a minimum delay. The simulation results of the proposed scheme is better than the existing scheme.
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Статья научная
Media Independent Handover (MIH) is a standard proposed by IEEE 802.21 working group to facilitate vertical handover support between heterogeneous networks. Currently, the implementation of the IEEE 802.21 standard supported in ns2, provided by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) considers only the signal strength as a parameter to determine the destination network. Selecting a destination network using only RSS as indicator does not meet the needs of all users. For more accurate choice of destination network, vertical handoff decision should consider the values of different criteria of network as well mobile node. In this paper, we have proposed an improved handoff decision module including additional parameters which considers state of mobile node and network conditions during handoff decision in order to improve the performance. The simulation results shows that the proposed method achieves better performance in terms of throughput, handoff latency and packet drop over the basic handoff scheme. More over the proposed method helps to reduce the unnecessary handoffs by eliminating the ping-pong effect and thus increases overall system performance.
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Статья научная
Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) has a growing potential in Saudi Arabia, due to widespread use of the internet and the maturity of the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of E-Commerce websites in Saudi Arabia, using a proposed evaluation instrument. To achieve this aim, six E-Commerce websites were selected for evaluation and then categorized into three categories: domestic, regional and international. Each category consisted of two E-Commerce websites, with the international website category considered as a benchmark. The six websites were evaluated by sixty participants (n=60) with good web design experience, following a set of guidelines offered by the evaluation instrument. The evaluation instrument described six key evaluation factors: appearance, content, organization, interaction, customer-focus and assurance. Each factor was evaluated by several indicators using a five-point scale ranging from not applicable (0) to very strong (4). To unify the views of all evaluators, a technique was introduced which would show the way in which each indicator was assessed based on several checklists (questions). The results therein revealed that international websites were of higher quality than regional and domestic websites with regard to all aspects of web evaluation. In addition, the quality of regional websites outweighed that of domestic websites with regard to appearance, content, organization, customer-focus and assurance, but not interaction.
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E-learning to m-learning: framework for data protection and security in cloud infrastructure
Статья научная
In recent years, the advancement in internet technologies has greatly altered the learning landscape, thus, a shift from traditional methods of learning to internet based learning platforms. E-learning, m-learning and cloud are some of the most powerful responses to these growing technological shift by the education sectors. Their impact and benefits cannot be over-emphasized with regard to making learning accessible, affordable, available and convenient. In addition, the use of cloud technology has made the world of education more integrated, networked and composite. This makes e-learning and m-learning as highly effective as the conventional method of learning delivery. However, despite these advantages, the security and the protection of learners’ data on this cloud platform have been some of the major challenges to m-learning effective implementation and use. This paper discusses the various benefits of the using m-learning platform and cloud infrastructure in higher education. It also examines the vulnerabilities of the platform as well as other security and privacy challenges regarding the effective implementation of m-learning in cloud infrastructure environment. Finally, it proposes a detailed data protection and security framework that is needed for addressing these issues. It is expected that the proposed framework when fully implemented, will bring about necessary solution to issues relating to the security and data protection of m-learners in cloud computing environment, increase trust in the use of the system as well as enhance the m-learning platforms.
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ECADS: An Efficient Approach for Accessing Data and Query Workload
Статья научная
In current scenario a huge amount of data is introduced over the web, because data introduced by the various sources, that data contains heterogeneity in na-ture. Data extraction is one of the major tasks in data mining. In various techniques for data extraction have been proposed from the past, which provides functionali-ty to extract data like Collaborative Adaptive Data Shar-ing (CADS), pay-as-you-go etc. The drawbacks associat-ed with these techniques is that, it is not able to provide global solution for the user. Through these techniques to get accurate search result user need to know all the de-tails whatever he want to search. In this paper we have proposed a new searching technique "Enhanced Collaborative Adaptive Data Sharing Platform (ECADS)" in which predefined queries are provided to the user to search data. In this technique some key words are provided to user related with the domain, for efficient data extraction task. These keywords are useful to user to write proper queries to search data in efficient way. In this way it provides an accurate, time efficient and a global search technique to search data. A comparison analysis for the existing and proposed technique is pre-sented in result and analysis section. That shows, pro-posed technique provide better than the existing tech-nique.
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Ear Biometric System using GLCM Algorithm
Статья научная
Biometric verification is a mean by which a person can be uniquely authenticated by evaluating some distinguishing biological traits. Fingerprinting is the ancient and the most widely used biometric authentication system today which is succeeded by other identifiers such as hand geometry, earlobe geometry, retina and iris patterns, voice waves and signature. Out of these verification methods, earlobe geometry proved to be most efficient and reliable option to be used either along with existing security system or alone for one level of security. However in previous work, the pre-processing was done manually and algorithms have not necessarily handled problems caused by hair and earing. In this paper, we present a more systematic, coherent and methodical way for ear identification using GLCM algorithm which has overcome the limitations of other successful algorithms like ICP and PCA. GLCM elucidates the texture of an image through a matrix formed by considering the number of occurrences of two pixels which are horizontally adjacent to each other in row and column. Pre-processing techniques and algorithms will be discussed and a step-by-step procedure to implement the system will be stated.
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