International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies @ijwmt
Journal articles - International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies
All articles: 648
Interpretable Fuzzy System for Malicious Domain Classification Using Projection Neural Network
Scientific article
In this study, we suggest an interpretable fuzzy system for the classification of malicious domains. The proposed system is integration of Sugeno type fuzzy system and projection neural network, the main advantage of interpretable fuzzy system is to classify the patterns and self-explainable capability. Whereas the projection network is used to exact mapped fuzzy inference rules to the network's projection layer. On the other hands, the system is able to deal with large amount of real-time data. The proposed model is tested malicious URL datasets collected from Alexa. The experimental results show that the system is able to classify malicious domain with high accuracy and interpretability as compared to existing methods. The proposed model is usefull to classify malicious attacks and explain the couses behind the decision. The evaluation of model based on confusion matrices, ROC and the nauck index is used for the interpretability assessments.
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Scientific article
The wireless sensor networks are most important developers of machine-to-machine communication (M2M) networks. In each node of sensor, transmission power is the most important energy consumption factor, which is considered as the most important challenge for expansibility of M2M network. One strategy to cope with this problem is topology control algorithm. This algorithm consists of two topology design and topology maintenance phases. The focus of most works conducted in this field is on design topography. However, topology maintenance should be also considered during the topology control design. To prolong network life through the energy consumption management in the nodes, in this paper an algorithm is proposed which considers both topology design and maintenance. The simulation results obtained using NS-2 simulator prove innovation and higher performance of the proposed model.
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Intrusion Detection System using Stacking of Deep Learning Models with Bte-Lgbm for IoT Networks
Scientific article
The recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the severity of security threats. It is mainly caused by IoT devices' inherent weaknesses, making them vulnerable to attack. Therefore, strengthening the security of such network systems is crucial. This study proposes a novel stacking model to identify attacks in the IoT environment. As a first step, we preprocess the data to make it more reliable. To address the issue of class imbalance, synthetic minority samples are generated by using SMOTE-SVM. Then, a novel stacking model was built by integrating four neural networks: deep neural network (DNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) with hyper-parameter tuned Light gradient boosting machine (BTE-LGBM). The performance of the proposed stacking model was evaluated on two recent IoT datasets, namely the ToN_IoT and CIC-IoT23. The efficacy of the suggested stacking model is evaluated and compared with Deep learning, machine learning, and state-of-the-art approaches with respect to metrics such as detection rate, precision, accuracy, and F1 score. The findings of our experiments indicate that the suggested IDS achieves a high accuracy of 99.81% and 99.78% for ToN_IoT and CIC-IoT23 datasets, respectively. It might enhance IoT device security, eventually benefiting consumers who depend on these devices. These findings, however, are based on benchmark dataset and could be impacted by variables including class distribution, attack diversity, and dataset characteristics. More research is needed to determine how well the model performs in real-world IoT contexts with changing attack patterns and heterogeneous devices.
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Investigating Coupling Interactions in Split-Ring Resonator Dimers
Scientific article
Topological wireless power transfer (TWPT) arrays provide directional power transfer, which are robust to external disturbances. Often realized as a chains of dimers, the ability to adjust the coupling between constituent resonator elements is an important means of establishing necessary conditions for power transfer. This paper explores the coupling interactions that are possible within dimers consisting of paired split-ring resonators (SRRs) in close proximity. Transfer efficiencies and through impedances are computationally studied for various rotational orientations of edge-and broadside-coupled SRRs. The obtained results reveal that relative rotational orientation can be employed as a sensitive design parameter to provide a variety of high- and low-coupling options within and between SRR dimers, with different power transfer efficiency implications.
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Investigating the relationship between coverage area and propagation profile
Scientific article
This study investigates the relationship between coverage area and propagation profile. Most studies on propagation profile do not link the profile with the coverage area of the transmitter and vice versa. Using both coverage area and propagation profile to describe the variations of electric field intensity of propagating wave makes a vivid description of the transmitter performance. This study creates propagation profile from the contour of coverage area of Benue Radio transmitter. Data for the study were collected during a measurement campaign carried out around the transmitter. The data were interpolated to produce a contour of the coverage area. A cross sectional profile elicits from the contour of coverage area at equally spaced eight different vertical plains provides the propagation profiles of the transmitter. This was achieved by transforming the coordinates of the contour of coverage area into distance thus producing a two dimensional plain from a three dimensional contour. Values of coordinates and electric field intensity were taken from some points on the contour and were compared with the equivalent positions on the propagation profile yields the same value of electric field intensity and equivalent position in distance. Similar procedure was carried out on the propagation profile provides the same value of electric field intensity and equivalent positions in terms of coordinates. The study concludes that propagation profiles are cross sectional parts of coverage area.
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Investigation of application layer DDoS attacks using clustering techniques
Scientific article
The exponential usage of internet attracts cyber criminals to commit crimes and attacks in the network. The forensic investigator investigates the crimes by determining the series of actions performed by an attacker. Digital forensic investigation can be performed by isolating the hard disk, RAM images, log files etc. It is hard to identify the trace of an attack by collecting the evidences from network since the attacker deletes all possible traces. Therefore, the possible way to identify the attack is from the access log traces located in the server. Clustering plays a vital role in identifying attack patterns from the network traffic. In this paper, the performance of clustering techniques such as k-means, GA k-means and Self Organizing Map (SOM) are compared to identify the source of an application layer DDoS attack. These methods are evaluated using web server log files of an apache server and the results demonstrate that the SOM based method achieves high detection rate than k-means and GA k-means with less false positives.
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Investigations with All Optical Binary Subtractor Network at 100Gbps
Scientific article
This article demonstrates for the proposed all optical binary subtractor network. Performance explored by exploiting nonlinear attribute the cross gain modulation with semiconductor optical amplifier which otherwise considered as cons if used as an amplifying tool. Numerical simulations have been executed, accordingly accustomed data inputs at 100Gbps data rate employed, generated aspired difference and the borrow outputs concurrently. The design’s performance for the non return to zero, return to zero and Manchester modulation formats have been analyzed, according to it is key performance parameter the extinction ratio. Investigations inferred optimum performance for the non return to zero modulation format outcome extinction ratio of 13.5dB,together with difference and borrow output have been successfully confirmed. Further designs execution with non return to zero modulation format for the key parameters range of data rates, laser peak power, the normalizer power, pump current, the current injection efficiency and the modulator bias voltage have been evaluated. Evaluation inferred that optimum performance is subject to the pertinent election of the vital design parameters. The proposed design is simpler by virtue of key attributes low power consumption and stability altogether with higher integration capability as well provides output generation simultaneously at higher data rate. It was lacking with preceding elucidations. Accordingly, this illustration could be an assistance towards novel contemporary complex digital optical computing combinational networks.
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IoMT Survey: Device, Architecture, Communication Protocols, Application and Security
Scientific article
The technology-based lifestyle has led to a rise in people suffering from obesity, which in turn has led to the emergence of many chronic diseases such as elevated blood sugar and blood pressure, this give researchers a good reasons to develop Internet of Things networks, as the entry of technical innovations has led to Artificial intelligence in the medical field has revolutionized the provision of medical services and facilitated the lives of patients, from monitoring blood sugar levels to using remote surgery techniques, as it has saved a lot of effort and money for both the doctor and the patient at the same time, but these advantages open a wide scope for many problems as well. This survey studied the medical Internet of Things network in terms of presenting the definition, structure, types of devices used, their applications, and some of the communication protocols used in it. The attacks that the medical Internet of Things network may be exposed to were also classified based on the concerns they cause, and the solutions proposed by the researchers were presented. On the other hand, the previous works of the researchers were classified according to the types of devices used, communication protocols, and network security. In each of the mentioned parts, what the researchers have done and their contributions in this field were discussed, analyzed, and a review of the proposed future works in the used literature was presented.
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Issues of Organizing the Architecture of Processes for Identifying Digital Entities and Services
Scientific article
The article discusses the solution to the issue of information systems architecture, which makes it possible to separate identification flows associated with the processes of managing the identification of digital entities and data flows associated with the processes of managing data describing the properties of digital entities. At the same time, a new architecture of connections between digital entities and services is proposed, which makes it possible to create a flexible system for processing the properties of identifiers that can be described in an irregular and unstructured form. In this case, the nomenclature of the parameters of the properties of a digital entity can be customized and expanded as a separate entity, which always maintaining a connection with the identifier. This allows, within the framework of the information system, on the one hand, to adapt any identification systems and ensure the solution of convergence requirements, to ensure compliance and solution of the requirements of recognition, immutability, stability in conditions of processing large volumes of data without implementing generally accepted principles of a global unique permanent identifier, and on the other hand, build flexible connections between digital entities and services.
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Joint Beam-Power Coordinative Scheduling of Neighboring Sectors in Cellular Systems
Scientific article
Beam cooperative scheduling of downlink transmission is an important technique to improve the spectrum efficiency in next generation mobile networks. This paper focuses on switched beams (the emission angles of the beams are fixed) and proposes a joint beam-power coordinative scheduling algorithm among neighbor sectors in the downlink of mobile systems. Each sector coordinates the applied order and transmitted power of the beams with adjacent interfering sector, so as to reduce inter-sector interference and maximize throughputs. This scheduling problem is modeled as a constrained optimization problem and solved by our proposed iterative approach. Computer simulation shows that the proposed approach significantly outperform the existing round robin beam servicing approach and the approach that applies only beam cooperative scheduling.
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Keywords Review of IT Security Literature in Recent 20 Years
Scientific article
The volume of published scientific literature available on Internet has been increasing exponentially. Some of them reflect the latest achievement of the specific research domain. In recent years, many projects have been funded aiming to online scientific literature mining, especially in biomedical research. Scientific literature covers most of the hot topics in the research field and has a very large domain-specific vocabulary. The exploitation of domain knowledge and specialized vocabulary can dramatically improve the result of literature text processing. The purpose of this paper is to identify the frequently used keywords in IT security literatures. The result then can be utilized to improve the performance of automatic IT security document retrieval, identification and classification. Our method is to query CiteseeX to retrieve source data of paper description information and build an artificially annotated corpus. Over the corpus, we perform words frequency statistics, word co-occurrence analysis, discrimination index computation, retrieval efficiency analysis and thus build a lexicon of IT security based on our experimental result. The lexicon can further be used in improving retrieval performance and assisting new words discovering and document classification.
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Scientific article
Traditional signature-based Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have difficulty detecting increasingly complex assaults that target web applications, such as SQL injections, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and API misuse. In this study, we introduce LLM-WAF, a new intelligent firewall architecture that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to analyze HTTP traffic contextually and semantically. Our framework integrates pre-trained language models with realtime traffic monitoring pipelines to identify malicious payloads through natural language processing capabilities rather than static rule matching. The system incorporates a continuous learning mechanism using reinforcement signals from detected attacks to adapt to emerging threat vectors automatically. In comparison to conventional WAF systems, experimental evaluation on benchmark datasets such as the CSIC 2010 HTTP Dataset and real-world traffic scenarios shows that LLM-WAF achieves 96.8% detection accuracy with an F1=0.95cand dramatically lowers false positives.
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Lattice-reduction-aided equalization for V2V communication channel
Scientific article
World is moving towards the implementation of massive MIMO based communication system and that forces the researchers to design low complexity receiver architecture. MIMO system performance in Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is a popular research topic. And to support Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in high speed mobility condition, it required to have reliable and secure of com-munication. This paper deals with the performance evaluation of the low complex LLR-MMSE receiver in terms of the channel capacity and bit error rate improvement. In this paper we have considered V2V Spatial Channel Model (SCM) and Nakagami-m chaneel model for the performance evaluation. The performance has been evaluated based on the mathematical calculation and simulated results. And also performance comparison between the conventional linear MIMO receivers with the lattics reduction aided MIMO receivers have been presented.
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Scientific article
Forgetting the stipulated schedule or time of lectures due to one reason or the other has always been a major concern for students resulting in the students missing classes and thereby lagging behind in what the lecturer has taught the other students. The main purpose of developing the Lecture time table reminder system is to minimize this problem to an acceptable level. Lecture Timetable Reminder System is a mobile application developed on the Android platform for the students of Computer Science, 500level, Federal University of Technology, Akure, with the service of reminding them about their lectures. The major tools used in developing this application are Java, Eclipse, Android Software Development Kit (SDK), PHP and MySQL. Java is the programming language that was used and Eclipse is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and Android SDK is a virtual device emulator. Then PHP was used to produce a response customized for each user's request to the application, MySQL is the database.
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Lightweight Distance Estimation from Single Images without Camera Intrinsics
Scientific article
In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the distance between a camera and a photographed object using minimal prior information. Specifically, the goal is to obtain distance estimates without access to intrinsic camera parameters such as focal length, sensor size, or lens distortion coefficients. We propose three simple heuristic methods, which can be viewed as lightweight variants of the classical camera pinhole model (CPH), but do not require calibration. Instead, they rely only on the approximate real height of a known object in the scene. The methods were validated on a representative dataset of images captured with several modern cameras and smartphones, using known object dimensions as ground truth. Their performance was compared against CPH using error metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean signed error (MSD), coefficient of determination R2), and supported by statistical testing (Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis). The analysis confirmed that, while less precise than fully calibrated approaches, the proposed heuristics achieve consistent and reliable distance estimates under minimal assumptions. These methods are particularly suited for lightweight applications and devices with fixed focal lengths, such as smartphones.
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Load Balancing Mechanism for Edge-Cloud-Based Priorities Containers
Scientific article
Considering edge devices have limited resources, it's critical to keep track of their current resource usage and device resource allocation algorithms that send containers to edge and cloud nodes according to their priority. To minimize the strain on edge devices and enable the running of mission-critical applications, edge containers may need to be transferred to a cloud platform. In this paper, we suggested a mechanism for prioritizing container balance between the edge and cloud while attempting to assign delay-sensitive containers to edge nodes. We assess the performance of Docker container management systems on resource-constrained computers and offer ways for reducing administration and migration overhead based on the workload type, to bring load balance to the systems. The proposed algorithm gives flexibility to get the best possible ways to achieve load balancing. The Tensorflow’s object discovery API was used, accessed with Flask, Python's micro-web framework. Docker container management technology was used in the implementation of this application.
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Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Using Hungarian Algorithm
Scientific article
Cloud computing is a highly popular computing paradigm providing on-demand resources with high reliability and availability. The user requests are fulfilled by providing a virtual machine with the requested configuration. However, with the ever-increasing load on the cloud resources, the need for optimal resource utilization of the cloud resources has become the need of the hour. Load balancing has been identified as one of the possible ways to improve resource utilization in the cloud and the current state-of-the-art algorithms indicate the numerous attempts made to find the approximate solution for this NP-hard problem. In this work, we have focused on evaluating the efficiency of the Hungarian algorithm for load distribution in the cloud and compared its performance with First-come-first-serve (FCFS). The simulations were carried out in CloudSim and show remarkable improvement in various performance parameters. Finish time of a given task schedule was reduced by 41% and average execution time was reduced by 13% in the Hungarian algorithm when compared with FCFS. The simulations were carried out under different workload conditions to validate our results.
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Location based Energy Efficient Scheme for Maximizing Routing Capability of AODV Protocol in MANET
Scientific article
Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) are forming a dynamic topology by that the nodes are continuously change their location and also the nodes functioning is dependent on the limited battery capacity that is called energy. The dynamic behavior of network connection is not maintained for long time. All nodes in network are energy dependent and efficient energy utilization is one of the important criteria in MANET. In this paper we proposed a new location based energy efficient scheme with AODV protocol. In this scheme energy dependent nodes are improving the routing capability of AODV protocol on the basis of location based protocol LAR (Location Aided Routing protocol). In network nodes are not aware about their energy status and also recur flooding of routing packets are consumes more energy in network by that the most of the energy is wasted in connection establishment. LAR protocol reduces that possibility of destination finding by maintain the record of location of each node in network respect to other nodes. It implies that every node in network is maintaining the record of other nodes (participating in routing procedure) with their current location and speed. If the nodes in network are know about the energy status and also about the status of location of receiver that reduces the energy consumption. The main aim of proposed scheme is to enhance the energy utilization in network. The performance of normal AODV, AODV with LAR and AODV with LAR and Energy is illustrate here and observe that the LAR protocol reduces the energy consumption and prolog the network lifetime that completely depend on the energy of mobile nodes.
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Loss Less and Privacy Preserved Data Retrieval in Cloud Environment using TRSE
Scientific article
In the modern era of the computing world, the data producing and using it is becoming large and instant at various places. For availing the data at different locations for processing we need to store it in the global platform. Cloud environment provides a best and easy way for this. Cloud computing is becoming as the essential thing for high-quality data services. However there are some potential problems with respect to data security. Here encryption techniques can be used for providing security, but with restricted efficiency. In this paper we propose a new encryption mechanism for providing data security in cloud environment. We propose a two round searchable encryption which supports multi keyword retrieval. Here we adapted a vector space model for improving search accuracy; the elgamal encryption technique allows users to involve in the ranking, while the essential key part of encryption will be done at the source itself. The proposed improves the data security and reduces data leakage.
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Luminous Intensity Control System Based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks
Scientific article
This paper introduces an energy conservation luminous intensity control system based on ZigBee sensor networks for smart home. The study is conducted to reduce unnecessary energy consumption by changing the luminous intensity of white LED according to the light coming into the room. A detecting circuit connected to the pin of CC2430 is set on the working face to collect the real-time luminous intensity signal. Then the ZigBee module adjusts the PWM signal to drive the white LEDs aiming at keeping a fixed and appropriate luminous intensity (e.g. 500Lux). Meanwhile, it transmits the data to the ZigBee coordinator through ZigBee wireless network. The monitoring PC get the data through the serial communication interface and display the states of the lights. Administrators can turn on or off the lights by clicking on the screen. This system can realize monitoring and controlling all the lights wirelessly so that users can save a lot energy and staff members. The system has been proved to be effective and convenient.
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