International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies @ijwmt
Статьи журнала - International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies
Все статьи: 544
Pure-Octet Extraction based Technique for Identifying Malicious URLs based on IP Address Attributes
Статья научная
On the basis of characteristics derived from IPv4 addresses, this paper offers a method for identifying interaction linked with website-based malware and then modelling a machine-learning-based classifier. In this research work, a modified approach is proposed for detecting fraudulent websites and compared with other methods like SVM assessment of IP addresses, octet-based technique, modified extended version of octet-based technique, and bit string-based characteristics. This modified approach is based on the fact that logical addressing is more reliable and consistent than other measures like URLs and DNS. The characteristic sequence which makes up URLs and domain names are more changeable with respect to IP addresses which are less changeable in comparison to URLs or domain names. The IPv4 address length is encoded into 4-byte space. Here, we have evaluated our modified approach with valid IP addresses from Kaggle [11], published on January 16, 2018, have been used to validate the efficacy of their metho.
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Статья научная
This Research focuses on cross layer approach to enhance the User Experience and Quality Of Service of video streaming in Long Term Evolution mobile network. During run time channel quality index is observed. Application layer requirement is fulfilled by changing modulation techniques as well as dynamic allocation of resources. This paper proposes a algorithm which improves the End-to-End Delay,Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of transmitted video over Mobile Network. Experimental results show the improvement in end to end delay by 89% and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio by 8%. Simulation in Network Simulator-3 provide credible evidence that this proposed cross-layer algorithm outperforms between earlier algorithm in providing better Quality Of Experience for real time, adaptive video streaming over Long Term Evolution.
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Quantum Computers’ threat on Current Cryptographic Measures and Possible Solutions
Статья научная
Cryptography is a requirement for confidentiality and authentic communication, and it is an indispensable technology used to protect data security. Quantum computing is a hypothetical model, still in tentative analysis but is rapidly gaining traction among scientific communities. Quantum computers have the potential to become a pre-eminent threat to all secure communication because their performance exceeds that of conventional computers. Consequently, quantum computers are capable of iterating through a large number of keys to search for secret keys or quickly calculate cryptographic keys, thereby endangering cloud security measures. This paper’s main target is to summarize the vulnerability of current cryptographic measures in front of a quantum computer. The paper also aims to cover the fundamental concept of potential quantum-resilient cryptographic techniques and explain how they can be a solution to complete secure key distribution in a post-quantum future.
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RF CMOS Low Noise Amplifier Design-A Case Study
Статья научная
A design methodology of Differential Design of CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with source degeneration for Bluetooth frequency is presented. The results show that the proposed topology is effective and can be used to achieve the minimum noise figure at all frequencies of interest. This LNA was realized in 0.18μm CMOS technology using Microwave Office Tool from AWR Inc. The measured noise figure is 2.066 dB and the gain is 20.29 dB.
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RIS-assisted Coverage Maximization Using Multi-UAVs in LTE Networks
Статья научная
In this paper, in order to improve the coverage and the Quality of Service of end-users on the edge of a cellular network, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is employed to give them direct line of sight. In addition to that, to improve the performance of the said UAVs, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) are introduced to the model, in such a way that will enhance the connection of the UAVs with the base station. An RIS will receive a signal from the base station, modulate it and then the RIS will act as the transmitter, sending the signal towards the UAV. By simulating our proposed approach using MATLAB, we have demonstrated that utilizing RIS-assisted communication maximizes coverage between the Base Station and the UAV, outperforming the simulation results of coverage as a function of height without the use of RIS. The significance of this work lies in its ability to enhance the signal quality and coverage at cell edges by leveraging UAVs as intermediate relays. These UAVs serve the purpose of connecting users with weak or no links, effectively bridging the gap. In our simulation results, we employed RIS to strengthen the backhaul link quality between the UAVs and base stations. While our work successfully addresses the challenges of connectivity and coverage, it is important to note that we have not specifically focused on the cost aspect of these factors.
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Статья научная
In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight and low profile antenna that is capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a microstrip patch antenna. The aim of this paper is to design and simulate a triangular microstrip patch array antenna using HFSS software and compare the performance of 2 elements, 4 elements and 8 elements patch arrays with that of a single patch for the same operating frequency. Also comparisons are made between the performance of series, corporate and series-corporate feed network. These arrays are designed to operate at a frequency of 11 GHz. Our goal is to obtain a high directivity with better gain and reduced losses, to be especially used for X band applications such as satellite communication, radar, medical applications, and other wireless systems.
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Real-Time Animal Location Estimation Using Wearable Sensors and Cellular Mobile Networks
Статья научная
In this article, we propose a novel concept of using an existing cellular network to find the location of animals living in outdoor environments. The proposed method has simplified hardware architecture which can be implemented at a meager cost. Moreover, the sensors communicate with existing cellular networks, which will reduce the implementation cost. The proposed system consists of a SIM 900 GSM module, a BMP280 pleasure sensor, and a battery as a wearable device that can warn the animal. The wearable device will send the real-time pressure values of the animal. In the proposed model, the pressure value, radial distance of transmitter fixed at the animal, and direction of the electromagnetic waves are used to calculate the real-time coordinates of the animals. The received pressure value and the radial distance will be used to calculate the location using this proposed model. The proposed model parameters' error was analyzed and simulated using suitable probability density distributions, and results were presented.
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Reconfigurable Origami Antennas: A Review of the Existing Technology and its Future Prospects
Статья научная
Owing to the much-gained popularity and unique properties of origami antenna, a review of some of the important types of these antennas is conducted. Origami is an ancient paper folding technique which has many applications in technical and non-technical fields. With the growing trend of utilizing origami concept, it was integrated with the electromagnetic field to realize reconfigurable antennas. This review contains some of the important applications in which the origami antennas are widely used to make the system more efficient. The development of the antennas over the years and some state-of-the-art designs are discussed along with the future trends in design and manufacturing of origami antennas. Some unique abilities of origami antennas which make them better choice than other antennas are smaller size and volume in addition to being light weight, cost efficient and easily manufacturing. They are widely used to reduce the size of bulky antennas which is very handy in many space and air borne facilities and provide reconfigurable frequency. They are even used to provide mobile range in far off regions which are not accessible with the use of ordinary antennas. The field of antenna design is vast and provides a lot of room for further advancements which are covered in future trends of the paper. This paper provides a detailed review of the different designs of antenna and points towards possible future enhancements and state of the art designs for the fabrication of antenna.
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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Partial Ground, Slot, and Step for 5-6GHz IoT Applications
Статья научная
A wideband microstrip antenna is proposed with the partially ground structure for ISM (Industry, Science, Medical) band other wireless applications like worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN). The need for compact antennas is continuously growing due to the rapid expansion of applications in today's environment. In this paper, a novel compact broadband patch antenna with an oval patch, rectangular slot, step, and partial ground is presented, which is compatible with ISM band, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. For S11(10dB) the suggested antenna has a bandwidth of 4.78GHz to 6.80GHz. The prototype is constructed on a commercially available FR4 substrate with dimensions of 20*15*1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna is ideally suited for ISM band WiMAX and WLAN applications. For bandwidth enhancement, a rectangular cut, a step below an oval patch is used and a partial ground structure is used to improve reflection co-efficient parameters (S11).
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Статья научная
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of a large number of sensor nodes with finite and limited energy levels distributed throughout a finite area. The energy of the nodes is mostly consumed to send information to a central station. Extending the network lifetime through decreasing the energy consumption of the nodes has always obtained attention, due to the energy limitations in WSNs. In this paper, a multi-level genetic based clustering algorithm is proposed to extend the lifetime of these types of networks. The proposed multi-level clustering algorithm divides the geographical area into three levels according to the radio range and the clustering of the nodes in each level is performed independently. Technically, Cluster Heads (CH) consumes more energy than other nodes to transmit data. So, the proposed algorithm aims to extend the network lifetime by reducing the number of CHs. Finally, a better energy consumption balance between the nodes is realized by altering the CHs in each routing round. The results of the experiments show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of and the network lifetime over other analogous protocols.
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Reduction of Feedback Based-on User Traffic Rate in OFDM Relay System
Статья научная
In order to reduce feedback while maintaining user performance in multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) relay system, feedback mechanism based on user traffic rate is proposed. From the aspects of feedback outage probability, user weighted channel gain related to user traffic rate is compared with the system threshold. The higher user traffic rate is, the bigger the user traffic weight becomes. So the high traffic rate user has greater probability to be fed back, which can support different traffic rate. Simulation results show that the proposed feedback mechanism can bring more feedback sub-carriers to the user with high traffic rate.
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Статья научная
The work proposes Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) reduction scheme, ISI being a major problem in Optical systems, which produces various type of non-linear distortions. So the implementation of OFDM system using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) scheme with M-QAM modulation technique is proposed and compared with the conventional OFDM system without using ANN. This proposed scheme is implementation of Back-propagation (BP) algorithm over AWGN channels to achieve an effective ISI reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Simulation results prove that ANN equalizer can further reduce ISI effectively and provide acceptable BER and better MSE plot compared to conventional OFDM system.
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Relative Distance Based Routing for Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network
Статья научная
Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network (DTMSN) is the network for pervasive information gathering. Traditional static routing approaches may not fit for DTMSN due to its intermittent connectivity. This paper proposes an relative distance based routing (RDBR) strategy for DTMSN, in which nodes delivery probabilities are calculated and updated according to the latest relative distance from themselves to the sink node, and data are delivered according to nodes’ delivery probabilities. RDBR also introduces a redundant copies controlling technique based on the message priority. Simulation results show that RDBR achieves a well tradeoff between the data delivery ratio/delay and the delivery overhead.
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Remote sensing global ranged door lock security system via mobile communication
Статья научная
In this paper, a door locking system with some remarkable features is proposed which makes the locking or unlocking of a door more reliable to the user than the conventional system. Robust security access with accurate detection system is provided here. It’s a global ranged operation process that can be operated by simple mobile phone through short message service (SMS) transferring operation from any corner of the world where mobile network is available. A smooth and durable locking mechanism is provided and the inscrutable door moving control device is used for the efficient operation of controlling the door. This developed system provides a notification to the user if any person is intended to pass the door. The system also has the ability to provide information about the current condition of the door by sending simple text messages. Also, the user will be able to operate the system with more than one subscriber identity module (SIM) card. Most advantageously, this device is proposed with lowest cost estimation benefit. Finally, the performance of the designed system is analyzed by performing some real-time operation of it and found satisfactory performance.
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Research and Design of The Firewall Penetration Technology Serving to Informati on Sharing Systems
Статья научная
In the current information sharing systems, there is a problem of firewall penetration. As for this problem and based on the existing TCP and UDP penetration schemes, we analyze all kinds of possible transmission environments in practical applications, and then present a technique of UDP coordinating with TCP to penetrate firewalls. Finally, we present the realization of this method: a network switch --XIPSwitch, which is independent from various applications. The realization method can further solve the firewall penetration problem of the internal terminals in the existing information sharing systems.
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Research of NCS Real-time Performance with Judging Priority Based on Generalized Stability
Статья научная
The conceptions of generalized stability and priority judgment function of real-time node which guaranteed the generalized stability were put forward aiming at the problem of Networked Control System (NCS) real-time performance based on shared Ethernet. From the perspective of control theory and communication theory, generalized stability and priority judgment function were applied into Real-time ETHERnet (RETHER) by using real-time performance improving method of avoiding collision based on protocol in Ethernet communication protocol. Therefore, token was passed to the real-time node with highest priority and real-time data was sent, NCS real-time performance was improved. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Research of Virtual Channels Scheduling Algorithm Based on Priority in Packet Telemetry System
Статья научная
We make research on the virtual channels scheduling algorithm based on priority in packet telemetry system. Probability of occupying physical channel and packets losing rate of the virtual channel with the highest priority are considered, on condition that the packet arrival rate contribution is Poisson contribution. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that when the running time of the scheduling module is long enough, probability of occupying physical channel by the virtual channel with the highest priority converge on a fixed value. Formulas of calculating packets losing rate are also given, which can offer reference to engineering design.
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Research on Audience Rating Statistics of Two-way Digital TV Based on OpenSSL
Статья научная
The drawback of the present various forms of digital program audience statistical method is that only the traditional phone questionnaire survey, the diary method or the artificial equipment is applied to counting the situation of watching program. By means of combining the timely recognized operation property of various digital terminals and automatic return viewing program feature, a new scheme is proposed to count audience situation for program in two-way digital television network. The main technologies and functions of the scheme are described by introducing audience information gathering mechanisms, security return protocol stack based on openSSL, fusion and automatic transmission and its appropriate statistical methods. Meanwhile, the development of the audience rating statistical system is provided, which is used by some program providers according to this scheme. The experiment and users’ feedback show that this scheme in the lower hardware configuration digital terminals can promptly and accurately count the subscribers watching program and effectively protect audience view information.
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Research on Diffusion Strategy About Resource Index of MP2P
Статья научная
The inherent mobility of nodes leads to frequent changes in network structure and resource location delay larger in MP2P network. Existing search algorithms for MP2P is not efficient enough, and is only for single application model. In this paper an epidemic diffusion strategy about index of resource is proposed to implement diffusion resources to solve low efficiency and long latency positioning defects in a large search. Results demonstrate the principle of the proposed algorithm can improve the resource search efficiency.
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Research on Excessive Road Fuel Problem Based on Extension Strategy Generating Method
Статья научная
The increase of the demand for gasoline in transportation and traffic vehicles results in excessive fuel consumption problem. However, by the extension strategy generating methods, the way of urban transportation changing from bus into metro may be analyzed and evaluated through extension reasoning, extension transformation and optimal calculation in order to solve the problem of excessive fuel consumption of the urban roads.
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