Optimizing Multiple Log-Periodic Array Antenna Design for Low Sidelobe and High-Directivity Performance: A Parametric Approach

Multiple Log-Periodic Array (MLPA) antennas have attracted significant research interest due to their broadband capability and high directivity. Their performance, however, depends critically on design parameters, often referred to as design factors, which directly influence the radiation characteristics. This paper presents an analytical evaluation of the influence of design factors on MLPA antenna performance, focusing on directivity, side lobe level (SLL), and beamwidth. The study employs the magnetic vector potential method to derive the array factor and investigates how variations in divergence spacing, scaling factor, and element length distribution affect the radiation properties. Analytical derivations are validated with numerical simulations to reveal the trade-offs between bandwidth enhancement and radiation stability. Results show that optimal tuning of design factors enhances radiation efficiency while minimizing undesirable sidelobe effects. The findings contribute to the optimization of MLPA antennas for applications in wireless communications, radar, and electronic warfare systems.