Polymorphisms of hemostasis and folate cycle genes as predictors of COVID-19 severity

Objective: to identify the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of hemostasis and folate cycle genes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the severity of COVID-19 in the acute period. Materials and methods. Our study included 416 patients with CAD who had COVID-19 more than 12 weeks ago with documented severity course. All patients were distributed among two groups. Group 1 included patients with mild severity (n=203), while Group 2 comprised patients with moderate severity (n=213) of COVID-19. All study subjects were examined for polymorphisms of hemostasis and folate cycle genes. We performed an assessment of the following genetic variants: 20210 G>A of the F2 gene, 1691 G>A of the F5 gene, 807 C>T of the ITGA2 gene, 10976 G>A of the F7 gene, 1298A>C of the MTHFR gene, 66 A>G of the MTRR gene, 2756 A>G of the MTR gene, 677 C>T of the MTHFR gene, 455 G>A of the FGB gene, 103 G>T of the F13A1 gene, 675 5G>4G of the SERPINE1 (PAI-1) gene, and 1565 T>C of the ITGB3 gene. These polymorphisms are likely to contribute to a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with CAD. Results. Predisposing factors for the development of a more severe course of COVID-19 among patients with CAD may be the presence of heterozygous polymorphism (455 G>A) of the FGB gene and 1565 T>C polymorphism (CC genotype) of the ITGB3 gene. Contrariwise, the 807 C>T polymorphism (CC genotype) of the ITGA2 gene in the analyzed sample was associated with a mild course of COVID-19. Conclusion. SNPs 455 G>A of the FGB gene and 1565 T>C (rs5918) of the ITGB3 gene are potential markers for identifying and predicting a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with CAD